Lub tawg ntawm lub atomic foob pob thiab nws cov mechanism ntawm qhov kev txiav txim

Lub tawg ntawm lub atomic foob pob yog ib qho ntawm feem amazing, mysterious thiab scary txheej txheem. Cov kev khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm nuclear riam phom yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov saw hlau tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov no yog xws li ib tug txheej txheem, cov heev kawg uas initiates nws continuation. Cov kev khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub hydrogen foob pob yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub nuclear cov tshuaj tiv thaiv synthesis.

A-pob

Lub nuclei ntawm tej yam isotopes ntawm tej ntsiab (plutonium, californium, uranium, thiab lwm yam) yuav tau tawg ua me me, yog li capturing ib neutron. Tom qab ntawd sawv tawm rau lwm tus ob los yog peb neutrons. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub nucleus ntawm ib tug atom nyob rau hauv zoo tagnrho tej yam kev mob yuav ua rau lub disintegration ntawm ob los yog peb ntau dua, uas nyob rau hauv lem yuav ua rau muaj mob lwm yam atoms. Thiab yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv. Puas tshwm sim avalanche txheej txheem ua lub xov tooj ntawm nuclei tso tawm zog discontinuity nqi giant atomic bonds. Nrog cov tawg ntawm loj zog tso tawm rau ultra-me me sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau ntawm ib point. Yog li ntawd, lub tawg ntawm lub atomic foob pob yog li ntawd haib thiab puas.

Yuav pib lub saw tshuaj tiv thaiv nws yog tsim nyog hais tias tus nqi ntawm tej khoom ntau tshaj cov tseem ceeb heev loj. Obviously, koj yuav tsum coj ib tug ob peb daim ntawm uranium los yog plutonium thiab muab rau ib tug. Txawm li cas los, mus ua ib tug tawg ntawm lub atomic foob pob, qhov no yog tsis txaus vim hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis ua ntej faib txaus tus nqi ntawm lub zog, los yog cov txheej txheem yuav tau qeeb. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kawm tau ntawv zoo, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj ib tug tseem ceeb loj ntawm qhov teeb meem, thiab yuav ua rau nws nyob rau hauv ib tug heev me me sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los mus siv ib ob peb ntawm cov tseem ceeb heev loj. Qhov no yog tiav los ntawm kev siv ntawm lwm yam explosives. Ntxiv mus, lwm ceev thiab qeeb explosives.

Tus thawj nuclear xeem twb ua nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1945 nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States nyob ze lub nroog Almogordo. Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj ntawm hauv tib lub xyoo, Americans siv tej riam phom tiv thaiv lub Japanese lub zos ntawm Hiroshima thiab Nagasaki. Lub tawg ntawm lub atomic foob pob nyob rau hauv lub nroog coj mus rau qhov txaus ntshai kev puas tsuaj thiab kev tuag ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov pejxeem. Nyob rau hauv lub USSR nuclear riam phom tau tsim thiab kuaj nyob rau hauv 1949.

H-pob

Lub hydrogen foob pob yog ib tug riam phom nrog ib tug heev zoo puas lub hwj chim. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm nws cov lag luam yog ua raws li cov fusion cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas yog ib tug synthesis ntawm cov lighter nuclei ntawm hnyav hydrogen atoms ntawm Helium. Yog li muaj ib tug tso tawm heev loj nyiaj ntawm lub zog. Qhov no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog zoo li tus dab uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hnub thiab lwm yam hnub qub. Fusion yooj yim kis siv isotopes ntawm hydrogen (tritium los yog deuterium) thiab lithium.

Test thawj hydrogen warhead Americans siv nyob rau hauv 1952. Nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub nkag siab ntawm no ntaus ntawv yuav tsis yog yuav hu ua ib lub foob pob. Nws yog ib tug peb-zaj dabneeg tsev lawm ua tus sau nrog kua deuterium. Tus thawj tawg ntawm ib tug hydrogen foob pob nyob rau hauv lub USSR twb nqa tawm rau lub hlis tom qab ntawd. Soviet thermonuclear warhead RDS-6 tag li nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1953 ntawm Semipalatinsk. Qhov loj tshaj plaws hydrogen foob pob peev xwm ntawm 50 megatons (Tsar foob pob) USSR tej nyob rau hauv 1961. Yoj tom qab cov tawg ntawm cov mos txwv yuj lub ntiaj chaw peb lub sij hawm.