Lub nto moo tshaj plaws architects

Qab txhua lub tuam tsev muaj nqis kws kes duab vajtse. Qhov no tsis tshua nco qab txog thaum mus xyuas nto moo rau nws kev zoo nkauj thiab originality ntawm lub vaj tse. Meanwhile, zoo-paub architects feem xyuam rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kab lis kev cai tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li sau ntawv thiab ntxias. Lawv nqus cov tswv yim floating nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, thiab muab lawv cov ntaub ntawv uas daim ntawv. Cov vaj tse muaj kev cuam tshuam lub essence ntawm lub era, nws mus ob peb vas thiab lub hom philosophy, yog masterpieces. Hais txog cov neeg, cuag lawv mus rau lub ntiaj teb no, thiab yuav tsum tau tham hauv qab no.

inspirer cov ntse heev

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws architects ntawm yav dhau los immortalized lawv cov npe, tsim ib tug zoo kawg li lub tsev, nto moo rau txoj kev zoo nkauj thiab muaj ntau yam centuries tom qab. Ib tug ntawm lawv - Giotto di Bondone. Italian cov neeg pleev kob thiab kes duab vajtse, tau yug los nyob rau hauv 1267. Nws los ua ib tug tho kev nyob rau hauv lub visual arts, nteg lub lub hauv paus ntawm lub Italian tsev kawm ntawv ntawm painting. Giotto frescoes thiab icons admired Leonardo da Vinci thiab Michelangelo.

Tej zaum nws yog rho nrog authorship ntawm lub Chapel del Arena nyob rau hauv Padua, tab sis tsis yog txhua txhua soj ntsuam pom zoo. Muaj tsis muaj tsis ntseeg hais tias Giotto tsim lub murals uas kho lub tsev teev ntuj. Lub ntsiab architectural creation wizard - tswb pej thuam ntawm cov raug Maria del Fiore, Florence Cathedral. Giotto tsis nyob mus ua kom tiav qhov kev siv - nyob rau hauv 1337, thaum nws tuag lawm, ua tau tsuas yog thawj theem ntawm cov qauv.

zoo txawj xav

Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) feem ntau saum daim ntawv teev cov "Notable architects ntawm lub ntiaj teb no." Lub npe nrov Italian yog ib tug sculptor, philosopher, artist thiab kws sau paj lug. Ntawm nws cov architectural tej hauj lwm tshwm sim rau Medici Chapels, Laurentian Library, facade ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Lorenzo. Nyob rau hauv nws project ua lub Roman Palace ntawm cov Senators thiab lub Palace ntawm lub saib. Nyob rau hauv lub tsim los ntawm cov vaj tse Michelangelo siv ib tug lossis loj kev txiav txim, nrog nws lub teeb txhais tes thiab ces nkag mus rau hauv Vogue. Cov kws kes duab vajtse ua hauj lwm rau lub hom phiaj ntawm tus naas ej St. Peter lub Cathedral nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos. Niaj hnub no Michelangelo yog rightly hu ua ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj masters nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm noob neej.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Renowned architects ntawm ltalis tsis xaus muaj. Michelangelo xam tau tias yog lub successor ntawm Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680). Nws tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug kws kes duab vajtse, tiam sis kuj yog ib tug sculptor thiab cov neeg pleev kob. Bernini txawv los ntawm muaj peev xwm mus muab tag nrho peb cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kos duab, tsim ib tug tib nrig txog kev pom qhov chaw. Nrog rau Francesco Borromini thiab Pietro da Cortona, nws pw lub lub hauv paus ntawm lub Baroque architecture.

Ib yam ntawm cov loj tej hauj lwm ntawm Bernini - Saint Peter lub Square project. Colonnade nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws nto moo cathedral - kuj yog tus brainchild ntawm kws kes duab vajtse. Nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb thiab kev cai dab qhuas cov vaj tse. Thaum koj tsim ib lub xeem Bernini feem ntau kuv siv ib tug thaum lub teeb qhov chaw yuav txhim khu lub tswv yim los ntawm cov kev pab cuam. Nws yog tus neeg sau ntawm ntau ntawm cov Roman chaw, tsis muaj uas nws yog nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam lub Nyob Mus Ib Txhis City.

Palladianets ntawm Adams dynasty

Tam sim no hloov cov qauv rau Scotland ntawm lub XVIII caug xyoo. Ntawm no nyob rau hauv 1728 tau yug los Robert Adas, yog ib lub tseem ceeb sawv cev ntawm British classicism. Nws tau koom palladiantsev dynasty, thaum ntxov classicism followers nyob rau hauv architecture. Binding style nta twb nruj symmetry thiab kev siv cov canons, tsim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Antiquity.

Adas tsim yaam tshab muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb coj los nyeem. Lawv tsiag ntawv los ntawm lightness thiab elegance, nquag tshwm sim neogothic ntsiab. Kws kes duab vajtse pib lub thiaj li hu ua Adas tus style. Nws muaj peev xwm muab qhov yooj yim cov ntsiab ntawm cov classicism nrog xws li yooj yim, li tab sis yog rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm nyob ntawm lub ancient tej hauj lwm thiab paub yuav ua li cas xav hais tias nws creators.

Nws twb dim nyob rau hauv nws cov thawj daim ntawv no, tsuas yog ob peb architectural masterpieces ntawm Adas. Ntawm lawv yog cov private lub tsev Kedleston Hall nyob ze lub nroog ntawm Derby. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, lub kes duab vajtse ua hauj lwm mas nyob rau hauv Edinburgh. Nyob rau hauv nws project ua tau lub tsev kawm ntawv lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub nroog.

Nto moo Lavxias teb sab architects

Thiab nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, hais txog lub tib lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm Vasily Bazhenov. Architecture theorist, cov xib fwb thiab kos duab, nws favored classicism thiab pw cov me nyuam yaus ntawm Lavxias teb sab pseudo. Bazhenov tsim ib co impressive vaj tse nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab St. Petersburg. Ib qho ntawm feem nto moo vaj tse nyob rau hauv lub capital hnub no - Pashkov tsev - ua raws li nws tsim. Yuav kom qhov no hnub yuav luag tsis tau ua nws tej hauj lwm Bazhenov.

Ib tug thawj kws kes duab vajtse ntawm St. Petersburg ua Domenico Trezzini. Nws nqus lub neej tshiab mus rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab architecture, nqa nrog nws lub European kev lig kev cai. Trezzini yog tus sau ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov lug uas tsim tus paub tsos ntawm St. Petersburg rau peb. Cov muaj xws li cov caij ntuj sov Palace ntawm Peter lub Great, Peter thiab Paul Cathedral, Kaum Ob tug Colleges tsev nyob qhov twg lub tsev kawm ntawv yog nyob niaj hnub no.

Nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, nyob rau hauv txawv xyoo ua hauj lwm thiab tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab architects Nikolay Aleksandrovich Lvov, Alexander Glebovich Uspensky, Mihail Grigorevich Zemtsov thiab lwm tus neeg. Qhov kawg ntawm cov yog ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv Trezzini. Zemtsov los ua tus thawj Lavxias teb sab kws kes duab vajtse ntawm lub nroog ntawm lub Neva. Ntawm nws cov tsim yaam tshab nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Baroque yog lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Xime-oos thiab Anas, tus cascade "Kub Roob" nyob rau hauv Lower Peterhof Park, Anichkov Palace project thiab tag rebuilt tom qab lub cev hloov hlo Cathedral hluav taws.

Soviet architects

Muaj ntau mas architects of Labor thiab cov USSR. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub rationalists, taws los ntawm Nikolai Ladovsky, siv zog mus cuag lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv shaping thiab compositions tuaj constructivists uas xav ntawm feem tseem ceeb aesthetization. Koj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub yav tas yog Vecino cov kwv tij. Ib tug tseem ceeb cim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Moscow tshuav Mihail Vasilevich Posohin, yav tas los thawj kws kes duab vajtse ntawm lub capital ntawm 60 lub mus rau thaum ntxov 80 tus. Ua tsaug rau nws, nyob rau hauv lub nroog Palace ntawm congresses, CMEA tsev, cov kev ua si complex "Olympic" thiab thiaj on.

initiators ntawm style

Tsev uas nto moo architects ntawm peb lub sij hawm yog txawv los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm lub xeem eclectic. Yog hais tias cov style ntawm tus rov qab yards ntawm lub Renaissance thiab niaj hnub lub sij hawm los mus txiav txim heev tsuas, niaj hnub nim no vaj tse feem ntau muab hais los ntawm ntau cov lus qhia. Txawm li cas los, eclecticism tsis yog yug nyob rau hauv ib lub tshuab nqus: nws tau siv nta ntawm yeej, feem ntau ntawm uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem.

Ib qho ntawm feem nrov qhia nyob rau hauv architecture - high-tech. Pioneer style feem ntau hu ua Norman Foster (b. 1935) thiab nws cov "Bureau of plaub." Nws tsim lub tshav dav hlau nyob rau hauv Hong Kong, "Millennium" choj thiab lub Gherkin nyob rau hauv London. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm lub xeem siv thiaj li hu ua retina tsim los ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws kes duab vajtse Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov (1853-1939), uas Foster, los ntawm nws tus kheej nkag, suav tias yog nws cov mlom. Shukhov tsim thawj nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws roj pipelines thiab refineries. Hos mus rau lawv rau qhov kev siv ntawm tej vaj tse, steel mesh plhaub tom qab tej lub sij hawm ua ib tug ntawm cov nyiam cov ntsiab ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm high-tech. Bureau Foster-tsim tsev nyob rau hauv Russia: lub reconstruction ntawm cov kob ntawm Tshiab Holland, yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm MIBC "Moscow-City".

Nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog cov xwm

Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub hi-tech, glorifying lub greatness of hauj kev kawm, cov style ntawm lub bio-tech muaj los tsim vaj tse, tsis sib xeem nrog cov xwm, thiab mus ntxiv nws. Muaj ntau zoo-paub architects ntawm niaj hnub no them tribute rau lub tswv yim no. Qhov tus tsim yog xav tau cov style Antonio Gaudi (1852-1926). Feem ntau ntawm cov tej hauj lwm ntawm tus naas ej ua lus Mev kes duab vajtse nyob rau hauv Barcelona. Nws ua hauj lwm - Güell Palace, Casa Mila, Casa batlló - nws yog tsis yooj yim sua yam uas ib yam dab tsi. Lawv ciali mus nyob thiab txav mus. Cov kev tshoov siab rau tus tswv yog xwm. Li no, tshwj xeeb fluidity ntawm vaj tse, cov tsis muaj cov kab ncaj nraim, txawv txawv nrhiav thiab dluab. Nyob rau hauv nws project yog tseem txhim tsa lub Tuam tsev ntawm lub tsev neeg dawb huv, outwardly li ib xuab zeb tsev fuabtais.

Cov muaj siab rau kev sib sau nrog cov xwm - ib tug zoo losis phem uas characterizes lub tej yaam num uas nto moo architects uas pom tau hais followers ntawm Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959). Nws yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm feem influential nuj nqis nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws architecture. Reith tsim lub tswvyim ntawm "organic architecture." Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev tshawb xav tau lub meej mom thiab kev sib sau nrog cov xwm. Vaj tse los ntawm Wright, yog ib tug continuation ntawm lub ntuj puag ncig, lawv yog yus muaj los ntawm ib qho qhib-txoj kev npaj, kev siv ntawm tej yam ntuj tso cov ntaub ntawv, tsim nta borrowed los ntawm ancient Japanese lub tuam tsev.

Modernism thiab functionalism

Tsis muaj tsawg tseem ceeb daim duab yog lub Le Korbyuze (1887-1965). Tsim yaam tshab thiab tej hauj lwm ntawm lub Fabkis kes duab vajtse muab lub ntiaj teb no modernist architecture thiab functionalism. Vaj tse lub tsev Le Korbyuze tsis yog nyuaj rau kawm. Lawv tsiag ntawv los ntawm volumetric units, tsa saum toj no hauv pem teb, tiaj ru tsev, terraces, saib elevations, thiaj li hu ua free daim ntawv. Tag nrho cov nta tau sai sai ua ib feem ntawm niaj hnub architecture.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus saum toj no daim ntawv teev tsis yog tag nrho zoo-paub architects. Tus kheej yog ntev heev, thiab daim ntawv yog tas li tshiab. Renowned architects ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv uas peb nyob, feem ntau qhia tsim yaam tshab ntawm masters ntawm yav dhau los, unjustly neglected.