Lub liberation ntawm Belgrade los ntawm cov Nazis, nyob rau hauv 1944

2014 yog cov nplua nuj nyob rau hauv hnub. Tom qab tag nrho, 70 xyoo dhau los, coj lub liberation ntawm Belgrade, Bucharest, Sofia thiab ntau lwm lub zos thiab capitals ntawm cov teb chaws Europe los ntawm lub Soviet pab tub rog. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nco txog no ib tus kwvtij Serbia, qhov twg hnub no nco ntsoov lub heroism ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub Red Army. Txij li thaum lub liberation ntawm Belgrade coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 1944, uas Soviet thiab Yugoslav thawj coj tub rog ua si ib qho tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm?

prehistory

Cov hauj lwm ntawm Yugoslavia los ntawm Nazi troops pib tom qab ib qho kev mob siab heev bombardment ntawm Belgrade Tim 6, 1941. Tam sim ntawd tom qab no tsim ntawm lub guerrilla zog. Thiab chiv lub ob tis muaj: monarchy thiab communist. Nws yog tseeb hais tias cov phoojywg tau txiav txim siab los pab txhawb lub ntawm UFW ntawm cov exiled King Peter II. Txawm li cas los, los ntawm 1943 lub monarchists, los yog, raws li lawv yog hu ua, lub Chetniks, kiag li discredited haiv neeg cleansing uas tsis yog-Serb pejxeem ntawm Yugoslavia thiab lub Soviet thiab British tsoom fwv pib tab neeg pab txhawb cov Communist thawj coj Josip Broz Tito.

Qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ua ntej phais Belgrade

Vim nws thaj txoj hauj lwm, Serbia yeej ib txwm tau ib tug xaiv yaam taw tes nyob rau hauv lub Balkans. Yog li ntawd, lub German hais kom ua los ntawm tus thawj hnub ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm no ib feem ntawm Yugoslavia khaws cia muaj loj quab yuam. Ntxiv mus, tom qab lub Red Army txoj kev vam meej nyob rau hauv Romania thiab Bulgaria, thiab nws yog tso tawm rau lub Danube Serbia ua txawm ntau ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov Wehrmacht. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ciam teb rau lwm lub teb chaws cov Germans mus npaj ib tug tiv thaiv kab tiv thaiv cov uas Soviet pab tub rog, uas yuav thim nws cov tub rog los ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Macedonia thiab xa lawv mus tiv thaiv tus ciam teb ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Yog li, nws yog tseeb hais tias cov liberation ntawm Belgrade (1944) yuav tsis yooj yim thiab yuav yuav tsum tau zoo npaj.

Nyob rau hauv kev, ntau 28 Lub Xya hli ntuj 1944 ntawm lub NLA ntawm Yugoslavia los ntawm Bosnia ntawm Serbia, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj pib ntes tau mus nrog cov Soviet rog. Cov xov xwm ntawm tus mus kom ze ntawm lub Red Army tau enthusiastically txais los ntawm lub inhabitants ntawm lub Yugoslav capital, rau cov uas nws yog ib tug kos npe rau tias cov liberation ntawm Belgrade yog nyob ze. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj zeeg, lub German hais kom txiav txim siab tawm ntawm lub Balkans rau Hungary Army Group "E", thiab lub liberation ntawm Bulgaria tshaj tawm hais tias tsov rog nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab consigned mus rau lub Ukrainian pem hauv ntej kuv Command III, II thiab IV ntawm lub Bulgarian Army.

Pib ntawm lub lag luam

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 15 mus rau 21 Cuaj hlis 17th Cua Army tau txiav txim los ntawm lub Soviet hais kom ua rau lub foob pob choj thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb cov khoom, li no tiv thaiv tus ntsoos ntsoos ntawm German pab tub rog los ntawm yav qab teb cov cheeb tsam ntawm Yugoslavia thiab tim Nkij teb chaws. Ces, rau Cuaj hlis 28 pib lub offensive rau Belgrade 57th Army, uas los ntawm txoj cai flank them lub Danube Flotilla, yuam lawv txoj kev los ntawm minefields. Soviet troops nyob rau hauv kev koom tes nrog NOAYU qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm tsoo los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab defenses raws ciam teb nrog Bulgaria thiab ua ib tug yooj yim cov zaj ntawm Serbian Carpathians, lossi pib nyob rau hauv battles nrog lub retreating Germans.

Belgrade lub liberation: lub hnub thiab lub ntsiab theem ntawm lub lag luam

Lub kaum hli ntuj 8, Soviet troops hla tus Morava dej thiab tsim kom muaj ib tug bridgehead nyob rau hauv Palanka thiab Velika plana. Los ntawm muaj nyob rau lub kaum hli ntuj 12 launched ib tug offensive rau Belgrade los ntawm sab qab teb, uas twb tau mus kawm los ntawm tus Bulgarian tub rog thiab 2 NOAYU lub cev. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm pib hla ntawm lub Danube ib tug ntawm cov vaj tse ntawm Ukrainian Pem hauv ntej, uas ua tau rau hauv lub nres rau ntawm Yugoslavia, cov peev ntawm sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj.

Los ntawm Lub kaum hli ntuj 14, lub Belgrade lag luam nram qab no cov txheej xwm coj qhov chaw:

• 12 NOAYU Corps coj tswj ntawm hauv txoj kev ua rau lub capital, nyob sab qab teb ntawm lub Sava dej;
• V tiv thaiv mechanized Corps tuaj rau Belgrade thiab tuaj koom lub sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv nws cov tuaj txog pem ntwg;
• 57th Army pib advancing raws Danube, ua kom sai sai tau mus rau Belgrade.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 16 nyob rau hauv Smederevo Danube flotilla yog ib tug tsaws. Txawm muaj cov kev pab xws li loj rog tiav liberation ntawm Belgrade los ntawm cov Nazis xwb rau hnub txij thaum pib ntawm lub lag luam. Lub fact tias cov German garrison lub zos muaj ntau tshaj 20,000 tus neeg, yog nyob rau hauv muaj 170 phom thiab mortars thiab 40 tso tsheb hlau luam. Thiab, lawv txiav txim los ntawm lub zais qhia ntawm lub Wehrmacht kom ua, tag nrho cov rog mus txi nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kom cov tshem ntawm txhiab ntawm pab tub rog pab pawg neeg "E".

Tub rog units uas coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub Belgrade lag luam, thiab CA thiab NOAYU tsis

Nyob rau hauv Soviet sab nyob rau hauv lub phem rau cov Yugoslav capital koom IV tiv thaiv mechanized Corps, 236th infantry, 73th thiab 106th tiv thaiv Division, ib tug anti-aircraft artillery division, ob peb lub tshuaj khib, artillery thiab nws tus kheej-propelled artillery regiments, peb nyias muaj nyias kev anti-aircraft artillery tso kom muaj kab muaj kev. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug yuav tsum tsis underestimate lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub Yugoslav sab tau tso cai 8 kev sib cais, tsis muaj uas tus liberation ntawm Belgrade yuav raug ncua ntau heev tshaj dua. Thaum lub sij hawm lub lag luam cov tub rog liab poob lub kev txhab, tua thiab uas ploj lawm ntau tshaj li 30 000 cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm uas yog ncaj qha rau lub nroog, tua txog 1,000 txoj kev. Yog li NOAYU raug tsim txom thaum lub sij hawm ua phem li cas rau 2953 ua haujlwm pab dawb.

Thawj coj tub rog, ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub liberation ntawm lub Yugoslav capital

Liberation ntawm Belgrade (1944) coj qhov chaw muaj ntau yam ua tsaug rau cov hauj lwm ua ke ua hauj lwm ntawm Soviet thiab Yugoslav commanders. Raws li twb tau hais, lub ntsiab luag hauj lwm yog muab III yog Ukrainian pem hauv ntej txib F. I. Tolbuhina, rau 57th Army, uas nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd qhia Lt. Gen. N. A. Gagen. Ntawm cov Soviet thawj coj tub rog yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg General Zhdanov, uas txib cov IV tiv thaiv mechanized Corps thiab tau txais kev phais Belgrade lub npe ntawm Hero ntawm lub Soviet Union thiab cov neeg Hero ntawm Yugoslavia. Nrog hais txog mus hais kom units NOAYU los nyob rau saum Belgrade, nws twb muab rau Dapchevicha Peko, uas tau qhia nws lub koom haum kev txawj ntse txawm thaum lub sij hawm lub Mev Civil War.

Puav pheej "Rau Liberation ntawm Belgrade"

Yuav kom txhawb cov neeg uas txawv nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua rau lub capital ntawm Yugoslavia, Lub rau hli ntuj 9, 1945 ib tug tshwj xeeb lub xeev puav pheej yog tsim los pab. Nws yog tus Puav pheej "Rau Liberation ntawm Belgrade", uas tau txais txog 70,000 tus neeg. Qhov puav pheej yog ib tug zoo meej lub vajvoog ntawm 3.2 cm inch tooj dag, kev cob cog rua ntawm txhais tau tias ntawm lub nplhaib tab thiab tus qauv pentagonal thaiv, uas yog them nrog ib tug dub ntsuab daim kab xev sawb nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Lub obverse ntawm lub npib tso convex inscription "Rau qhov Liberation ntawm Belgrade", saum toj no uas yog ib tug tsib-taw lub hnub qub. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws xwm circumferentially laurel. Raws li rau qhov rov qab, tsis muaj lub hnub ntawm liberation ntawm Belgrade thiab lub inscription yog pom nyob rau hauv no me me tsib-taw lub hnub qub. puav pheej tsim yog tsim los ntawm artist A. I. Kuznetsovym, nws yog tshuaj hnav nyob rau sab laug sab ntawm lub hauv siab.

Celebrations rau kos tus cim rau 70th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub liberation ntawm Belgrade

Txawm tias cov tsoos parade rau lub sij hawm ntawm qhov tus kawm tiav ntawm lub German txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub Serbian capital nyob Lub kaum hli ntuj 20, 2014 celebrations nyob plaub hnub ua ntej lawm. Raws li cov hauj lwm version ntawm nws twb vim yog lub fact tias nws yog lub Kaum Hli 16, 1944, Soviet troops dim hauv qhov chaw ntawm Belgrade. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov xovxwm tshaj tawm hais tias qhov no yog ua kom paub meej tias nyob rau hauv kev ua koob tsheej tau kawm los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Vladimir Putin.

Hits "Kauj ruam khiav" nyob rau hauv Belgrade

Lub kaum hli ntuj 16, 2014 nyob rau hauv lub Serbian capital rau thawj lub sij hawm ib tug tub rog parade twb muaj tom qab 1985. Yog li, cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lub teb chaws no txiav txim siab mus noj peb caug lub 70th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub liberation ntawm Belgrade. Thaum no ceremony twb tau mus kawm los ntawm hais txog 100 txhiab inhabitants, lub siab tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm ntawm Serbia thiab V. V. Putin. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub dua convoy ntawm Serb troops thiab cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv lub ntuj tshaj Belgrade tsom nws daim duab ntawm Lavxias teb sab pilots ntawm lub "Swifts" pab pawg neeg.

Yog li, peb yuav hais tias attempts sau dua tshiab rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Serbia tsis muaj kev vam meej, thiab cov neeg ntawm lub teb chaws no nco txog cov feat ntawm lub Soviet cov tub rog uas raug ntiab tawm fascist scum thiab dim Belgrade.