Literary piv txwv ntawm conversational style ntawm kev hais lus phau ntawv. Hais lus style: luv luv ntawv piv txwv

Kev sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv ib tug kev qhov chaw - lub feem ntau piav qhia ntawm tej style. Piv txwv ntawm colloquial hais lus ntawv muaj lub vernacular lus, thiab cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv lawv yog noj tsuas yog nyob rau domestic teeb meem.

Ib qhov ncauj version ntawm cov style siv nyob rau hauv txhua hnub hais lus. Uas yog vim li cas ua hauj lwm yog feem ntau siv rau hauv lub dialogues.

Qhov tsab xov xwm muab ib tug tsim nyog txhais, qhia txog cov yam ntxwv, thiab tham txog cov piv txwv ntawm conversational style ntawm kev hais lus phau ntawv.

nta

Cov style nyob rau hauv uas peb txhua tus qhia rau peb xav, cwj pwm txawv thiab txoj kev xav, thiab tau hais lawm. Nws yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev qhaj ntawv ntawm cov lus xaiv. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias feem coob ntawm cov neeg "ua ntej hais thiab ces xav hais tias."

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, conversational style yeej ib txwm muaj ntxoov ntawm tus neeg hais lus - nws lees ua dog ua dig, jargon, thiab lwm yam, yog tsis xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug yooj yim style, xws li ib lub lag luam los yog scientific.

Piv txwv li conversational style ntawm kev hais lus, ib tug luv luv ntawm phau ntawv:

- Kuv Sim? - Kuv tos taw mus rau lub cheese. - Txiv hais tias qab.
- Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qab, ib zaug nws tau noj nws nag hmo rau ob leeg lub puab tsaig!
- Tab sis nws muaj ib tug hamster yog tsis li tab sis lub sij hawm dhau diners - Kuv luag.

Nws kom meej meej txawv ua dog ua dig kab zauv uas tsis thov nyob qhov twg lwm tshaj nyob rau hauv zoo tib yam sib tham.

Nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv lub conversational style yog ntau tus los ntawm extralinguistic yam tseem ceeb qhov tseem ceeb raws li lub ntsej muag kab zauv thiab gestures, thiab cov ib puag ncig, thiab thiaj li nyob ..

Tej yam tshwm sim conversational style:

• simplicity;
• specifics;
• xav saturation, tej zaum ntev li ntawm, qhia;
• imagery.

Piv txwv ntawm conversational style ntawm kev hais lus ntawv muaj peev xwm muab tau los ntawm tsuas yog sau ntawv txhua hnub kev sib tham, rau Piv txwv li, nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg nyob ze los yog cov buyer thiab muag khoom nyob rau hauv ib tug bakery.

Cawv relaxed cua ntawm kev sib tham

Lub relaxed cua, ntau dua qhov lub txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev hais lus. Nws yuav lub siab lub ntsws, dav siv colloquial kab zauv.

Tsis yooj yim dua rau no style - thiab lub simplification ntawm lo lus cov ntaub ntawv, tsis vowels, doubling ntawm cov lo lus, thiab kev siv ntawm lus ntawm subjective kev ntsuam xyuas - lub thawj ob nta tshwj xeeb aggravated los ntawm lub acceleration ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev hais lus.

A. P. Chehov, "kua zaub ntsuab"

Zoo illustrates feature ntawm no style ntawm Anton Pavlovich Chehov nyob rau hauv nws "kua zaub ntsuab" - ib tug tiag tiag li cov piv txwv ntawm conversational style ntawm kev hais lus. Me text monologue muaj ib tug ntau mus hais rau hauv kev kawm.

zaj dabneeg cim pib hais lus rau ekpressivnogo: "Qhib rau dab ntxwg nyoog!" Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias tsis muaj lwm yam style tsis pub hais lus dev. Nws tom ntej no kab lus no tsis yog tsawg revealing: "Yuav ua li cas ntev ua kuv muaj rau stiffen ntxiv rau qhov no los ntawm-cov cua?" Nws siv jerky yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hloov lwm lub tsev yog yooj yim thiab unpretentious. Qhov no yog qhov conversational style ntawm kev hais lus. Piv txwv ntawm cov ntawv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog nyob rau hauv vain twb nws pib nrog "kua zaub ntsuab" Chekhov.

Nta conversational style

"Kua zaub ntsuab" thiab qhia tau hais tias tus yam ntxwv ntawm colloquial style:

• nyiam lo lus nug thiab exclamation ke nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub narrative;
• kev siv cov interjections;
• tus kheej tej lus thiab verbs yog txo kom tsim thawj zaug los yog ob tug neeg.

Tsab ntawv A. S. Pushkina rau nws tus poj niam

Cov tsab ntawv, uas sau lub yim hli ntuj 3, 1834 Alexander rau nws tus poj niam, Natalia - nws yog heev me me ntawv nyeem conversational style ntawm kev hais lus (piv txwv yog muab faib mus rau hauv cov tswv yim rau kev saib xyuas nyob rau hauv ntau yam).

Cov naas ej poet pib nws nrog cov lus no: "txaj muag rau koj, me ntsis tus poj niam." Qhov no tsis txaus siab - ntshiab colloquial paub cov ntsiab lus uas yog siv nyob rau hauv txhua hnub khoom. Tswv yim: "Leej twg xav yuav dragged rau hauv ib lub siab phem lub nroog lub zos mus rau saib lub txaus ntxub muab lam ua si siab phem siab phem qub opera?" thiab, "Kuv thov kom koj tsis txhob tsav tsheb thaum Kaluga, yog, nws yog tseeb, ib yam nkaus thiab koj muaj xws li ib tug qhov" - muaj tag nrho lub ntsiab ntawm lub conversational style ntawm kev hais lus, xws li:

• kwv yees derivational lus (lub zos);
• lub inversion ntawm lo lus txiav txim nyob rau kab lus;
• kev siv ntawm cov ntau tshaj ib daim ntawv rau lo lus, uas yog ua tau rau cov kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus nws tsis muaj (Kaluga - Kaluga rau);
• feem ntau verbs yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no tense.

lexical txhais tau tias

Conversational style ntawm kev hais lus (piv txwv ntawm luv luv phau ntawv no yog tseem tham txog nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm lub tsab xov xwm) siv cov hauv qab no lexical txhais tau tias:

• idioms;
• diminutive lus;
• kev paub qhia lo thiab lub siab lub ntsws coloring paub cov ntsiab lus;
• lo lus-contraction thiab truncation;
• lus ntawm subjective kev ntsuam xyuas.

Standard designs thiab nrhiav ntaus

Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub yog yeej los ntawm txawj hais lus, unprepared - cov neeg siv los qhia, tsis tu txog lo lus cov ntaub ntawv, thiab tsis muaj kev xav nyob rau hauv lawv. Vim hais tias tej zaum, txawm feem ntau, koj yuav hnov cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho, tej yam stereotypes rau txhua tej hnub teeb meem. Yog hais tias peb xav txog lub luv luv text conversational style ntawm kev hais lus, piv txwv ntawm lub khw yuav tsum raws li nram no: "Peb puas grams Kua nplaum uas ... Weigh rau kaum Thov muab kuv ib lub pob ntawm cov roj.". Ntawm pej xeem thauj, "Koj yuav tau txais tawm nyob rau tom ntej kom kuv rau hauv lub airship, qhov twg kuv mus rau tsheb laij yuav coj ???"

cov lus qhia kom ntaub ntawv kuj losis tswvyim dabtsi. Tom qab tag nrho, yog hais tias peb yog unprepared thiab tsawg formal, nws tsis txhais hais tias nws yog tsis paub thiab tsis paub cai heev.

"Nyob zoo, zoo thaum sawv ntxov, yuav ua li cas yog koj, yog dab tsi tshiab," - ntawm no yog cov tsim cov qauv, uas tsis txhob poob lawv qhov tseeb nyob rau hauv kev sib tham. Piv txwv li conversational style ntawm kev hais lus - ib tug me me ntawv nyeem sib tham cia li ntsib comrades - nyob rau hauv 99% ntawm cov neeg yuav muaj cov kab zauv.

cwm pwm

Tib yam vim li, spontaneity, raws li tau piav nyob rau hauv lub ntej pawg lus, nws yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub cwm pwm thiab originality. Yog li ntawd, txawm stereotypical nrhiav thiab tsim countless, thiab nyias nyob nyias ib lub sij hawm, los sis tej uas nyob rau hauv Vogue nyob rau hauv ib co voj voog, los yog, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, tawm ntawm nws, ua obsolete, ces, txawm li cas los, tej zaum rov qab los. Tab sis kev cua kev sib txuas lus tsis teem formal ciam teb rau lwm - cov neeg muaj peev xwm siv los yog tsis siv tus paub thiab zoo-tsim kev qhia ntawm lawv xaiv. Untyped txhais tau tias yog dab tsi qhia lub cim ntawm cov lus qhia hais lus.

"Zaj Keeb Kwm"

Yuliya Galanina nyob rau hauv nws "Zaj Keeb Kwm" boasts ib tug tshwj xeeb cua, vim hais tias nws yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub sib tham, tab sis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov phau ntawv, conversational style. Ntawm no yog cov piv txwv ntawm luv luv ntawv:

"Thiab kuv yeej ib txwm nyiam ntau tshaj leej twg yuav tsum. Dhau li kuv tsis muaj ib tug neeg ruam rau ntawm lub laj kab yog tsis nkag."
"Thiab tus zaj - ib tug txaus ntshai tshaj plaws thiab teeb meem, thiab qias neeg, thiab frankly qia dub, thiab txawm ib tug zaj.!"

phonetics

Los ntawm cov lus txhais tau tias, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv phonetic theem ntawm cov lus nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tham style, xws li ob lub ntsiab nta:

• Simplification, cropping, compression, piv txwv li ib tug tsis tiav hom hais. Qhov no yog tsis yog ib tug yuav tsum tau vaj tse, uas tej zaum yuav conversational style ntawm kev hais lus. Qauv ntawv (Qib 5, los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv ib co thaj tsam, thaum koj kawm phau ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qhov kev pab cuam) - "Harry Potter thiab cov Philosopher tus Pob Zeb," "Harry Potter thiab cov Chamber of Secrets" thiab tus so ntawm lub series. Feature vernacular cov lus hais lub cim Hagrid. Quote from "Lub Raug Kaw Nkuaj ntawm Azkaban ..." "Nws yog tus thawj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov ... tam sim no resigned tsis tau, hais tias nws, yog cov uas yuav muaj yog hais tias ... zoo, dua li no .." Tu siab, lub Lavxias teb sab txhais tsis siab qhia tag nrho lo lus ntaub ntawv yooj yim zog, nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem yog ntau tshwm tag, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov lus no yog twb tau mus rau ntsiab lub "zeb", los ntawm cov uas yog meant, "nws hais."
• Suab raws li ib tug txhob txwm tus kheej kev zoo losis phem uas emotsialnalno tej tsuas, txawm stereotypical qauv. Piv txwv li conversational style ntawm kev hais lus - ib tug me me ntawv nyeem ntawm zaj dab neeg "Lub hypothetical cov ntaub ntawv ntawm" sau O. Henry: "Koj nyob nraum Mr. Phineas C. Gooch?" - hais tias tus qhua, thiab nyob rau hauv lub suab nrov ntawm nws lub suab thiab suab tam sim ntawd pw-coj, pom thiab raug txim.

Vocabulary thiab phraseology

Lus txhais tau tias lwm yam kev mus rau lub lexical thiab phraseological theem:

• Qhov feem pua ntawm kev hais lus yog kom meej meej yeej los ntawm nruab nrab qhob ntau lexicon, kuj hu ua mezhstilevaya. Nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus. Nruab nrab lexicon hais qhov tseeb, thiab yog li ntawd tsis muaj lub siab thiab / los yog kev paub qhia lo painting. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj ntau yam kev xaiv rau siv nyob rau hauv tej style: ob hais lus thiab nyob rau hauv lub lag luam, kev, journalistic. Piv txwv ntawm colloquial hais lus phau ntawv uas muaj nyob nruab nrab cov lo lus (nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tus neeg sau txoj lus ntawm phau ntawv sau ntawv, tsuas yog, tej zaum, tales thiab zoo sib xws rau nws ib hom ntawv nyeem, rau qhov cov tsuas muaj mezhstilevaya lus) - nws yog "Chameleon" Antona Pavlovicha Chehova thiab cov "Teddy "Yuri Pavlovich Kazakov.
• Nruab nrab colloquial lexicon. Nws muaj xws li lo lus "poj niam tus kws kho mob", "to taub" thiab lwm tus neeg.
• Terminology: lub socio-thoj thiab scientific nomenclature.
• Xav-kwv yees li colloquial lexicon. Nws muaj peev xwm nqa ib tug tsis zoo los yog ib tug zoo kev ntsuam xyuas. Tag nrho cov lus los ntawm nws raug muab faib ua peb pawg neeg, uas: 1) kev ntsuam xyuas muaj nyob rau hauv lub heev lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus; 2) Nyob rau hauv ib tug figurative siab; 3) cov lus muaj subjective ntsuam xyuas lus. Qhov no lexicon yog tseem siv epithet ntawm "kev paub qhia lo".
• Kev paj lug txhais tau tias. Lawv yog cov metaphors, idioms, hyperbole thiab litotes. "Peb haus dej haus los ntawm blindly ua tais" (M. Yu.Lermontov). Qhov no artistic piv txwv qhia, hais lus tib lub Hawj txawm yog tag nrho cov tib vernacular. Piv txwv li conversational style ntawm kev hais lus, kev sau ntawv-kev sib tham: "- Yog nws - Thiab nws, raws li ib txwm, hais, ua txhaum los ntawm - Rau lwm leej lwm tus, kuv yuav tau kev txhawj xeeb, raws li qhov no tiag tiag lov - thiab ces Heather zoo li hma Tej cheat?!.! ! "
• Professionalism thiab jargon. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias txhua tus lom ntawm lub tso cai hais lus ua tau feem ntau muaj feem ntau ntawm cov cuab yeej hais ntawm no: nws muaj peev xwm tsis piv txwv li no tsuas yog ib qho khoom ntiag tug. Yog li, lub saum toj no sib tham tsuas yog metaphors "cunning raws li ib tug hma liab" yog tseem ua dog ua dig lo lus "tsis ncaj".

morphology

• Nominative tshwm sim ntau dua lwm tus.
• Yeej los ntawm koj tus kheej thiab demonstrative tej lus thiab adverbs thiab hais.
• Kev cais yog tsis tshua muaj siv, gerund - yuav luag yeej tsis.
• Ib thaj tsam ntawm lub ntus ntaub ntawv yog qhov muag plooj. Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv muaj kev ywj hloov thiab tsis siv nyob rau hauv nws cov ntsiab lus.
• Muaj lus interjections.

Piv txwv li conversational style - me me ntawv sib tham uas qhia tias tus tseem ceeb morphological lus theem ntawm cov ntsiab lus:

- Nws rov qab - co Peter.
- Qhov twg yog - muaj? - Kuv nug nws.
- Qhov tshij, muaj ib tug kav. Cov khoom siv. Niam hais kom skimp - li txiav txim siab khiav nyob rau hauv ib tug hurry.
- Uas yog gallop thiab khiav - txoj cai thiab sab laug. "

syntax

• Nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tham style yooj yim ua ke yog siv ntau zaus tshaj slozhnosochinennye los yog Tiabsis cov. Lawv siv yog yus muaj los ntawm ib yam ntawm cov "stringing ua ke" ntawm txhua lwm yam, lub concreteness ntawm lub kis lus qhia.
• Feem ntau muaj cov tsis tiav ua ke, nyob rau hauv particular, lawv tsis muaj tus thawj xib fwb cov ntsiab lus uas.
• Tus qauv ntawm cov uas tsis yog-linear, tej zaum patchy. Kev cuam tshuam suab thiab cov nqe lus, rebuilt rau lub mus - lub txim ntawm kev txawj hais lus. Conversational style nkag lees qhov active kev siv ntawm lub txuas lug, qhia nyob rau hauv lub qhib lo lus thiab tag nrho cov hom ntawm hais.
• Mezhdometnyh nqe lus raws li ib txoj kev los qhia kev xav nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tham style.
• Dawb lo lus txiav txim - nrog rau ib qho tseem ceeb feem ntau qhia nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw (tab sis yog nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau).

Literary thiab hais lus

Hais lus nyob rau hauv nws cov purest qhia ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab nws yuav tsum tau ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev imitation. Tus sau nws tus kheej muaj peev xwm sau ib tug hais lus nyob ze rau qhov hais, tab sis ntau ntau zaus nws siv nws nyob rau hauv lub sib tham ntawm lub cim. Yog li, txhua tus ua cim yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv tus kheej.

Me text conversational style ntawm kev hais lus (piv txwv ntawm "lub Plawv ib tug aub" los ntawm Bulgakov): "bawdy flatlet Tab sis yuav ua li cas zoo Thiab yog dab tsi cov heck kuv nws xav tau nws tau hais tias lub neej yuav tawm no eccentric Yog vim li cas, nws tsuas yog ib lub qhov muag ntsais, nws yog li ntawd zoo ib yam li ..?. aub obzavolsya uas pa. "

Peb tag nrho suav hais tias yog sib tham ua style ntawm kev hais lus, kev sau ntawv piv txwv. Qib 5 cov ntaub ntawv kawm yuav kawm txog tej kev haumxeeb yeej ntawm kev hais lus, tab sis hais - qhov no yog qhov style uas tshwm sim tas li, txhua txhua hnub, thiab nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab, thiab qhov ib puag ncig (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv nws).

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tso saib lub conversational style ntawm kev hais lus, lo lus piv txwv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas twb tau muab saum toj no. Equivalent teem thiab pawg indicative proposals nrog lawv.

newspaperese

Qhov twg lwm tus muaj peev xwm thov conversational style ntawm kev hais lus? Piv txwv ntawm cov ntawv ntawm ntawv xov xwm - lo lus nug yog ntau npaum li cas muaj teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv journalism, thiab xwb muaj nta peculiar rau nws. Nqi ntawv xov xwm series ntawm "los ze zog mus rau lub neeg" thiab them kom tiav nrog stereotyped nqe lus los ntawm lub neej txhua hnub. Tsis tau tsuas yog ib tug ntawv xov xwm style yuav tsis yog yuav hu ua conversational siab. Yog hais tias peb xav txog qhov conversational style ntawm kev hais lus, kev sau ntawv luv luv piv txwv feem ntau yog los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab.