Leukocyte yog ... Leukocytes nyob rau hauv cov ntshav: qhov ntau

Nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, muaj cov ntse hlwb uas ib txwm paub qhov twg tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog thiab tus kab mob pib germinate. Lub npe ntawm tus kws saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv yog leukocyte. Nws yog nws leej twg yog nquag sib ntaus tawm tsam txawv teb chaws microorganisms. Muaj qee qhov kev ua si ntawm leukocytes, txhua hom yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov txheej txheem.

Qhov leukocytes yog dab tsi

Leukocytes yog cov qe tshwj xeeb uas tsis muaj xim. Lawv cov duab feem ntau yog hloov, cov qauv no yog cov tseem ceeb. Cov ntshav Cheebtsam yog tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrog cev xws li tus po, cov qog ntshav hauv. Lwm yam khoom hauv lawv cov keeb kwm yog pob txha pob txha.

Cov theem ntawm leukocytes nyob rau hauv cov ntshav yog tsawg tshaj li uas ntawm erythrocytes. Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv ib qho milliliter cubic ntshav muaj txog 400,000 cov ntshav dawb. Cov hlwb yog kev koom tes nyob rau hauv sib ntaus tawm tsam pathogens. Qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm ib tug neeg nyob ntawm seb nws loj npaum li cas ntawm kev muaj peev xwm ntawm leukocytes los tiv thaiv qhov nkag mus ntawm microbes rau hauv lub cev. Cov nram qab no hom ntshav qog ntshav nyias txawv nyias: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils - lawv tsim ib cov koob tshuaj granulocyte. Monocytes, lymphocytes yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm agranulocytes.

Neutrophils: qauv thiab yam ntxwv

Qhov no yog qhov loj tshaj plaws pab pawg neeg ntawm cov dawb ntshav hlwb. Hauv tib neeg lub cev, lawv suav txog 70% ntawm tag nrho cov leukocytes. Lub subtype ntawm lub hlwb tau txais lub npe vim yog kev muaj peev xwm los pleev xim li cov kev dyes, thiab eosin (ntawm kev ua ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cellular qauv).

Txij li thaum leukocyte yog ib qho cuab yeej los tua cov kab mob pathogenic, neutrophils tso tawm tshwj xeeb tshuaj uas cuam tshuam cov kab mob. Tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm cov hlwb no yog nyob hauv cov ntshav (hauv lub xeev xwb nws yog li 1%). Tag nrho lub siab yog nyob rau hauv cov nqaij ntawm lub cev.

Neutrophils yog thawj qhov txhawm rau txhom cheeb tsam. Yog hais tias tus leukocytes ntawm hom no nce, ces tham txog neutrophilia. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no tshwm sim yog kis tus kab mob (cov kab mob los yog fungal xwm), inflammatory dab, muaj cov qog. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv txoj kev loj hlob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab los ntawm kev los ntshav, siv qee yam tshuaj, kev puas tsuaj (nrog rau kev necrosis) ntawm cov nqaij. Yog hais tias muaj pes tsawg tus neutrophils txo (neutropenia), tom qab ntawd, tej zaum, ib tug neeg muaj tus kab mob kis tus kab mob, radiotherapy tau ua tiav, tus po yog loj.

Eosinophils: nta ntawm cov pab pawg ntawm cov hlwb

Eosinophilic leukocyte yog tus yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib toxins thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xws li antigen-antibody. Nws yog cov hlwb uas ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua kom huv thiab detoxifying ntshav. Lawv kuj txhawb mob kho thiab tiv thaiv lub cev tiv thaiv tsis haum. Lawv tus naj npawb nyob ntawm lub sijhawm hnub nyoog thiab hnub nyoog. Piv txwv, thaum tsaus ntuj, eosinophils muaj yig dua. Cov kab mob leukocytes hauv cov menyuam yaus muaj ntau dua li cov laus (1-7% thiab 1-5%, feem ntau). Yog tias lawv cov naj npawb nce, qhov no yuav qhia tau tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev fab tshuaj, muaj cov kab mob, cov hlab ntsha. Qhov no tshwm sim kuj tau pom nrog cirrhosis ntawm daim siab, mob ntsws, dermatitis. Tab sis nrog rau cov kab mob sib kis, cov nqi siab tshaj plaws yog muaj cov lus qhia zoo - cov theem ntawm kev rov qab los yog nyob ze. Muaj tsawg tus eosinophils qhia tias kev poob thiab kev ntxhov siab (lub sij hawm tom qab kev phais, kev raug mob, tas li tsis pw).

Yam ntxwv ntawm basophils

Tus lej ntawm cov qe ntshav yog ib qho tsawg tshaj plaws - li ntawm 1%. Lawv qhov loj yog loj dua cov neutrophils thiab eosinophils. Xws li tus leukocyte yog tus neeg tuaj koom rau hauv kev tsis haum tshuaj. Basophils yog lub luag hauj lwm rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm khaus, lwm yam kev tshwm sim ntawm kev ua xua. Vim muaj cov kab mob hauv cov ntshav, cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov tsiaj, cov kab tua tsis tau thoob plaws hauv lub cev thaum lawv nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, tab sis yuav thaiv. Kev nce qib hauv basophils qhia tau hais tias muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, mob caj pas. Tab sis tsis tas ib theem siab qhia tau hais tias muaj tus kab mob. Qee zaum qhov tshwm sim no tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis noj nqaij, tsis muaj hluav taws xob. Qis basophils tau pom thaum cev xeeb tub, yug me nyuam, thiab qee cov tshuaj. Nws kuj tuaj yeem tham txog kev kis tau tus kab mob no.

Monocytes

Monocytes yog hu ua leukocytes, uas tsis muaj cov granules. Cov hlwb no yog oval nyob rau hauv cov duab, lawv tsim nyob rau hauv cov pob txha pob txha. Tus nqi tag nrho nce mus txog 10%. Lub voj voog ntawm lub neej ntawm monocytes kav hauv nruab nrab ntawm 30 hnub. Rau qhov chaw swb, lawv tuaj txog tam sim ntawd tom qab nutrophils thiab muaj cov nyhuv zoo kawg li bactericidal. Lawv kuj muaj peev xwm ua kom txhua yam ntawm cov hlwb hauv absorbing. Yog hais tias cov neutrophils tau txo, ces cov xov tooj ntawm monocytes tuaj yeem nce (kom paub tseeb tias txhua yam tsim nyog yuav tau ua). Yog tias cov leukocytes ntawm hom no zoo tshaj qhov qub, ces peb tuaj yeem tham txog kev muaj kab mob kis tau (xws li influenza), kabmob malaria, tuberculosis, leukemia. Cov thawj hauv lawv tus naj npawb yog tus cwj pwm xws li ntshav tsis txaus. Yog tias cov qib monocytes mus xoom, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas cov kab mob loj heev (leukemia, sepsis).

Lymphocytes: nta

Cov qe ntshav muaj "ntev-ntev", lawv muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ntau dua kaum lub xyoo. Ntawm lawv cov dej num tseem ceeb yog kev saib xyuas ntawm kev tiv thaiv, kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Ntxiv mus, nws yog lawv cov uas khaws cov lus qhia txog tib neeg cov kab mob (yog li, qee hom kab mob tsuas tshwm sim ib zaug xwb).

Ib qho tseem ceeb heev ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav yog qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hlwb uas hloov kev tshwm sim. Ntawm tag nrho cov ntshav cov ntshav, lawv tus xov tooj yog nyob rau theem txog li 35%. Leukocytes rau cov me nyuam ntawm hom no muaj cov cim tseem ceeb tshaj. Nyob rau thawj lub hli ntawm lub neej, qib qog ntshav qab zib nce mus txog 70%, txij li 6 txog 15 xyoo nws txo 50%. Feem ntau, lawv cov nqi siab feem ntau tau pom hauv cov kab mob kis kab mob. Yog hais tias tus nqi ho tshaj qhov cai, ces muaj ib qho kev liam ntawm pob txha hlwb pob txha. Leukocytes rau cov me nyuam ntawm hom no nce nrog measles, mumps, ua qhua dej, thiab rubella. Txo tus naj npawb ntawm lymphocytes yuav teeb liab ib tug kab mob hom nqaij hlav.

Leukocytosis

Leukocytosis yog ib qho txaus ntshai. Qhov ntawd txhais li cas? Cov leukocytes nyob rau hauv lub cev yog nyob rau hauv ntau muaj nqis tshaj qhov ntsuas cov cim. Lawv qib yuav qhia tau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb vim muaj qee hom kab mob.

Yog li, nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm leukocytes, peb tuaj yeem tham txog qhov muaj kab mob, inflammatory kev hauv lub cev. Yog hais tias lawv tus lej ncav cuag cov yeeb yam loj loj, tom qab ntawd ces feem ntau muaj tus kab mob hnyav (leukemia, leukemia). Tsis txhob hnov qab tias cov qe ntshav dawb muaj feem xyuam rau kev noj haus zoo, thiab muaj kev ntxhov siab. Ntau yam leukocytes raug pom nrog kev qoj ib ce.