Leej twg yog cov Khazars los ntawm keeb kwm? Khazars - Turkic-hais lus nomadic cov neeg

Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm ob peb lub teb chaws thiab txawv teb chaws lub teb chaws tsis ua tim khawv rau lub ancient civilizations uas ib zaug inhabited lub tam sim no lub teb chaws. Yog li, nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no xyoo, ho nce paj nyob rau hauv lub Khazar lub nceeg vaj, uas yog pib ntawm peb era twb nyob qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub qis nce mus txog ntawm lub Volga. Paj nyob rau hauv no yog zoo li ntawd hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev cov phau ntawv Magazine muab ib tug ntawv siab mus rau lub ntsiab lus, kuv thawj band. Lub ntsiab paub tsis meej ntawm cov neeg no yog hais tias zaum no tseem sib cav txog leej twg yog Ameslikas Khazars.

Tej zaum lawv yuav tsis yuav txaus siab nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug mob siab rau, yog hais tias tsis assumption tias nws yog tus Khazars yog cov pog koob yawg koob niaj hnub cov neeg Yudais. Muaj ntau zaum pom zoo hais tias lawv yog cov pog koob yawg koob ntawm lub teb chaws no. Qhov no saib yog txaus siab los ntawm tsis ntev los no tseem ceeb archaeological cov ntaub ntawv uas cia nti tham txog hais tias nto moo khiav dim ntawm cov neeg Yudais los ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws tsis yog. Cov neeg muaj, tab sis nws cov keeb kwm yog tsis meej txog thaum kawg.

Uas yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm ob xyoo tom kawm Khazars proceeded nrog redoubled zeal. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov thawj txhim khu kev qha cov lus hais txog lub Khazars yog sau hnub tim ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo 550 AD, thaum lawv pib mus koom qhia lawv tus kheej rau lub thoob ntiaj teb scene thaum lub sij hawm. Wb sim ua raws li lawv txoj kev.

Nws mus los ntawm lo lus "Khazars"?

Qhov twg lub npe nws tus kheej mus "Khazars"? Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus (raws li ntsuas los ntawm cov phau ntawv txhais Dahl) "hazit" yuav tsum to taub raws li "tsis paub, cog lus." Ib co kev pab hais tias lub "haz" - arrogant, tsis paub txiv neej. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub "hazom" yuav tsum to taub raws li ib tug lush, high-zoo thiab nws kim heev cov khoom. Nco ntsoov lo lus "tas", uas cia li muaj ib tug hloov tom qab "haz", tab sis yog hais txog ib yam ntawm cov skimpy, dab tuag tshaj plaws. On qhov tsis tooj, lo lus "qhov rais hnav khaub ncaws" yog siv thaum tus tshwm sim los yog tsis tau tshwm sim overly lush, luxurious.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov tib Dahl cav hais tias lo lus "othazovat" sib npaug lus "mus kev, ua loj leeb." Yog li ntawd yuav ua li cas, ces, mus rau txhais lub sij hawm "Khazars"? Lub ntsiab lus nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom paub tias yog koj tsis ua tiag lauj lub etymology. Yog hais tias koj ua txhaum lo lus rau hauv peb qhov chaw, uas yog, lub "his", "s" thiab "ar", peb yeej yuav tsum nyob sib ze mus rau lub ntsiab lus hais tias lub sij hawm yog muab los ntawm peb pog koob yawg koob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog hais tias peb txhais nws raws li "xeeb rau Arom (Yarile)", nws hloov tawm hais tias lo lus "Khazars" tej zaum yuav zoo muab txhais raws li "los ntawm sab hnub tuaj."

Los ntawm cov Huns rau hazarm

Yog li ntawd leej twg yog tus Khazars los ntawm keeb kwm? Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lawv yog ib tug classic nomadic haiv neeg ntawm Turkic keeb kwm. Chiv, lawv nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm cov dub thiab Caspian seas. Ntaub ntawv keeb kwm hais tias tom qab invasion ntawm lub Huns yog cov Khazars nyob rau hauv Eastern Europe. Ntawm no yog cov cia li ib tug ua ke ntawm "Huns tuaj tom qab" heev vague, thiab tus sau phau ntawv ntawm cov khoom scientific treatises khaws cia nyob rau hauv no account tiag partisan silence.

Nws yog tau hais tias tswm rau hauv cov chaw Huns thiab Turkic neeg mam li nco dheev pib yuav tsum tau hu ua lub Khazars, tab sis lwm cov kev xaiv no kuj tsis cais. Yog li no lub sij hawm ntawm lawv cov keeb kwm yog tej zaum cov feem ntau mysterious.

Ib me ntsis txog cov Huns

Los ntawm txoj kev, uas yog lawv tus kheej lub Huns? Nws kuj nomadic cov neeg, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv II-IV centuries. nyob rau hauv lub Urals. Lawv pog koob yawg koob yog cov tib Turkic-hais lus haiv neeg (teb chaws Hsiung-nu), uas tuaj txog rau lub thib ob xyoo pua ntawm lub Central Asia. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws pab mus rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tshiab lub teb chaws ua zos Ugric haiv neeg thiab Sarmatians. Hunnu lawv tus kheej theej mas keeb kwm, vim lawv yog cov pog koob yawg koob ntawm Caucasoid neeg los ntawm sab qaum teb Tuam Tshoj, uas tau ploj mus tawm rau txog ib txhiab xyoo ua ntej cov ntseeg era.

Tab sis txoj kev tshawb no ntawm Suav archaeologists hais tias mus txog rau lub Urals yog hunnu thiab tau txais nws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov raug rho tawm multi-pawg haiv neeg, tau muab rau hauv ib tug classic nomadic neeg raws txoj kev. Qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv North Tuam Tshoj, lub teb chaws catastrophically ceev disappearing, tsis tau lwv nrog haib pab pawg neeg. Yog li, Hun tau kom meej meej tsim feem ntau ugrami. Ib tug generic npe ntawm tus Khanty thiab Mansi, uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv no ib ncig. Feem ntau cov yuav, cov haiv neeg los ua cais txawm nyob rau hauv lub peb Millennium BC.

Chiv Ugric haiv neeg nyob rau hauv hav zoov-steppe ntawm Western Siberia, nyob rau hauv ib txhia qhov chaw xeeb mus txog rau lub Irtysh. Sarmatians kuj tau zoo heev pab rau cov tsim ntawm lub Khazar neeg.

Khazar kev sib raug zoo nrog cov Turks

Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub thib rau lub xyoo pua AD, lub Khazars tau subjugated los ntawm cov haib Turkic Khanate. Oddly txaus, tab sis tus neeg tshawb fawb nrhiav tsis tau tej mention ntawm inter-haiv neeg hlau, txawm tias qhov no tshwm sim yuav zoo yuav.

Lub keeb kwm paradox: nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm tag nrho lawv tej hwj chim, nws Khanate ntawd kub ntev li cia li ridiculously luv luv lub sij hawm los ntawm cov keeb kwm cov txheej txheem - los ntawm 552 mus 745 xyoo BC. e. Lawv tus kheej Turks sawv raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias 460 yog ib tug ntawm cov Hun pab pawg neeg (thiab dua peb rov qab los rau nws), uas hu ua Ashina, twb kov yeej los ntawm cov neeg Jujan. Nyob rau Ashin tsis khaws cia tej yam tsi ntawm txhim khu kev qha cov ntaub ntawv. By coincidence, nws yog nyob rau tib lub sij hawm feem ntau ntawm cov Hsiung-nu twb puas Juan-Juan. Tom qab ntawd Ashinov neeg raug forcibly tuaj mus rau lub Altai.

Nws yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no thiab muaj ib tug muaj zog nomadic cov neeg, lub npe hu rau peb raws li "Turks". Generic lub npe ntawm cov pab pawg neeg los ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lo lus "tyurya" uas peb pog koob yawg koob hu ua lub feem ntau yooj yim noj khoom haus: crumbling khob cij los sis crackers nrog kvass thiab dos (los yog variations). Cias muab, los ntawm lub sij hawm lub Turks muaj tsuas yog hais tias ntawm lub Ugrians thiab Sarmatian pab pawg neeg Ashin dilute semi-mythical.

Keeb kwm Khanate tsim

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 545 cov neeg yeej lub troops ntawm lub Uighurs, thiab nyob rau hauv 551 yog avenged laij koj tawm Zsuzsanna. Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov xyoo nws yog tshwj xeeb yog cim Bumyn thawj coj uas thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej tau hais tias nws tus kheej Hagan. Qhov puav pheej tau ua tsuas yog cov neeg Yudais. Twb tau nyob rau 555, tag nrho cov hauv paus txawm haiv neeg nyob rau hauv Turkish txoj cai. "Lub Supreme rate" Khanate twb tau tsiv mus rau sab qaum nce mus txog ntawm lub Orkhon dej, qhov chaw uas nws hais yuav luag tag nrho cov Khazars. Cov neeg ntawm no koom loj hlob thiab khwv tau cov tub rog lub hwj chim.

Twb tau nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-thib rau lub xyoo pua BC nyob rau hauv dependence rau Hagan tau txais yuav luag tag nrho cov haiv neeg ntawm sab qaum teb Tuam Tshoj. Tsis ntev lub Turks nkag mus rau hauv ib tug tub rog alliance nrog lub Byzantine Empire, tom qab uas lawv sib koom rog pib tsov rog nrog rau Iran kev tswj ntawm lub Great Txhob lo lo ntxhuav kev. Twb tau nyob rau 571, ciam teb khiav raws Amu Darya Khanate. Cia li tsib xyoo tom qab lub Turks tswj kom coj cov Bosporus (Kerch), tab sis nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 581 kiag sim Hersonissos.

Tab sis lub Khazars?

Rov qab mus rau lub Khazars. Lawv muaj ib yam dab tsi ua nrog nws nyob ntawm no? Qhov tseeb hais tias historians muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov pov thawj uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm uas ib tug yog ib feem ntawm lub Turkic Khaganate twb tau Khazar "ceg". Tab sis leej twg thiab yog vim li cas tau muab cov conquered haiv neeg xws ywjpheej? Cov Turks tsis tau raws nraim txais tos los ntawm qhov zoo ntawm kev cai ywj pheej, thiab lub cim asterisk tso rau lub creation ntawm lub Khazar Khanate tsis. Txawm li cas los, muaj ib tug ntau dua los yog tsawg intelligible piav ...

Qhov tseeb yog hais tias ua ntej lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Turkish xeev tsuas yog 100 xyoo. Loj hlob nrog cov teeb meem, muaj yog hais teeb meem nrog rau ib thaj tsam ntawm twj ywm. Tej zaum qhov subordinate haiv neeg yog li ntawd loyal rau cov Turks hais tias lawv tau tso cai rau lawv los mus tsim lawv tus kheej lub xeev ntawm lub Khazars, nyob rau hauv pauv rau guarantees ntawm lawv muab siab npuab nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej.

Tab sis nws yog tag nrho ntawm contradictions. Qhov tseeb hais tias contemporaries hais txog lub Khazars tsuas yog raws li nomads, uas yuav ua tau ib tug formidable quab yuam thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub raids, tab sis lub paub tab paub xav sis nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog tsis. Nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov hauj lwm ntawm lawv contemporaries, peb pom hais tias lub neej thiab kev ua ub no ntawm cov Khazars twb raug rau nomads: nyuj, rau qhov tawm tsam rau ntawm cov tsiaj, nrog strife.

Yog, lawv tau muaj lub peev, yog muaj nyob rau Hagan. Tab sis nws tsuas yog ib tug "thawj cov qhov sib npaug", thiab lub hwj chim mus yuam kom cov neeg sawv cev ntawm loj yug nws tsuas yog tsis muaj. Yeej xav tias lub Turks yuav ua nrog rau lawv xws li ib qho tseem ceeb daim ntawv cog lus. Tiam sis Khazars - cov neeg yog heev txog, zoo li tag nrho cov nomads.

Lub conquest ntawm lub Crimea thiab Kiev

Txawm nws yog, tiam sis nyob rau hauv lub VII-VIII xyoo pua BC, lawv tau muaj peev xwm yuav tsum yeej xwb Kiev thiab lub Crimea. Muaj ntau historians hais tias nyob rau hauv hais tias lub sij hawm lub Slavic pab pawg neeg pib them tribute rau lawv. Ntawm no tsuas yog tus Khazars muaj tsis muaj dab tsi uas cas yuav zoo li ib tug muaj zog paus xeev Khazars. Yuav ua li cas yuav lawv sau no tib tribute, yog hais tias lawv tsis ua li, nyob rau hauv tus, ntau dua los yog tsawg tsim administrative system?

Nyob rau hauv lub kawg, mus rau theem ntawm cov Golden Horde, lawv heev, heev nyob deb deb. Feem ntau cov yuav, ib tug "tribute" yog hais txog cov neeg lub sijhawm uas nws, thaum lub inhabitants ntawm besieged lub zos xav mus yuav tawm lwm nomad raids. Yog, thiab txoj kev ntawm lub neej thiab kev ua ub no ntawm cov Khazars tsis ua rau kom lub tsev lag luam ntawm ib tug loj hwj chim tshaj lwm haiv neeg: Khanate yog tsis tshua muaj neeg ua kev, thiab vim hais tias tus tswv xeev tau siv ntau lub sij hawm tuav no xoob qauv hauv tsawg kawg yog ib tug txheeb ze kev txiav txim.

Ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub Khazar lub teb chaws yog ces Hakan thiab nws cov "deputy" mus dhia. Lub capital nroog ntawm lub Khazars Khanate yog Valangiar (Astrakhan) thiab ces Sarkel (twb tag pov tseg nyob rau hauv 1300). Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias thaum lub sij hawm lawv twb active nyob rau hauv cov lag luam tawm Is Nrias teb. Nyob rau hauv 965, lub Khazar troops tua yeej los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm tub huabtais Svyatoslav. Nyob rau hauv 1016, lawv tau tua yeej los ntawm lub neej coj rog ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab Greeks, txib los ntawm Mstislav Tmutarakan.

Txais ntawm Judaism

Ntau yam keeb kwm qhov chaw qhia rau peb hais tias nyob rau hauv lub yim caug xyoo, lub Khazars saws Judaism. Tab sis qhia rau peb rov qab mus rau thaum pib ntawm lub tsab xov xwm. Mas Israeli zaum qhia tias tus txheej txheem ntawm cov phiajcim ntawm cov neeg Yudais thiab cov Khazars tuaj xwb nyob rau hauv 1005. Tab sis, ces Bumyn hloov dua siab tshiab rau Judaism nyob rau hauv 500 xyoo ua ntej ntawd? Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, cov historians ib tug ntau ntawm cov lus nug. Ntawm no yog cov feem ntau sawv daws yuav:

• Leej twg nrog Turks thiab Khazars yuav nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm mus xyaum Judaism, cov neeg Yudais hais tias muaj yog tseem tsis txawm nyob ze rau nws?
• Yuav ua li cas yuav koj xyaum Judaism, tab sis tsis txhob yuav ib tug neeg Yudais? Tag nrho cov dawb huv phau ntawv uas cov neeg Ixayees hais tias qhov no yuav tsis tau!
• Thaum kawg, leej twg yog ib tug tub txib ntawm Judaism 500 xyoo ua ntej lub sij hawm tuaj ntawm cov neeg Yudais?

Tu siab, tag nrho cov ntawm cov lus nug no yog tsis muaj tseeb cov lus teb. Feem ntau cov yuav, muaj ib co tsis meej pem. Yog hais tias yog li ntawd, muaj yog tsis muaj dab tsi ceeb nyob rau hauv no: txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm muaj me ntsis tag nrho credibility ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas historians yuav tsum tau txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab keeb kwm. Thiab lawv paub tias tsis meej muaj kev cuam tshuam lub tag nrho essence ntawm dab tsi twb tshwm sim, raws li pheej sau dua tshiab nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm qhov kev txiav txim tog.

Yog li ntawd peb yuav tsis txawm tham txoj cai tam sim no tseeb yog dab tsi yog Ameslikas Khazars, vim hais tias nws yog tsis yog li ntawd ib qho yooj yim nrog lawv cov kev ntseeg. Yog hais tias lawv tsis xyaum Judaism, cov neeg Yudais tsis cov lawv pog koob yawg koob.

Mysteries ntawm txoj kev tuag ntawm cov Khazar Khanate

Nyob rau hauv Soviet keeb kwm monographs yuav pom cov kev tshawb xav hais tias cov Khazar Khanate poob vim hais tias ntawm lub banal tsis muaj qhov chaw nyob, uas zoo nyob rau hauv qhov dej ntawm tus Caspian Hiav txwv tu. Tus sau ntawm no assumption - L. N. Gumilev. Nws pom tias nyob rau hauv lub VII-VIII xyoo pua Khazars loj settlements vim hais tias txoj kev txhaum ntawm cov av tau tsuas ntxuav tam sim ntawd. Txawm li cas los, Gumilev yeej ib txwm muab tso rau ib tug heev daring hypothesis.

Judaism - qhov ua rau ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Khanate?

Historians yog tsis yog los ntawm Israeli keeb kwm qhia heev interesting suggestion. Lawv ntseeg tias lub cev qhuav dej yog tshwm sim los rau hauv lub me nyuam los tu ntawm lub Khanate ntawm Judaism, uas coj qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm tus pas ntsuas Aunpadaiyas. Tej zaum, qhov no Hagan pib mus ua tub txib ua hauj lwm qhov chaw nyob rau ntawm lub lub lem ntawm IX-X caug xyoo. Mention ntawm nws kev ua ub no yuav muaj nyob rau hauv "Lub neej ntawm Ioanna Gotskogo."

Arabic kawm Masudi sau hais tias tom qab tus me nyuam ntawm Judaism Hagan nyob rau hauv nws lub nceeg vaj pib sib sau ua ke ntawm cov neeg tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no. Cov neeg Yudais sai sai colonized loj blocks ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm cov Khazar lub zos, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib tug ntau ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv Crimea, thiab lub peev ntawm lub Khazars (Valangiar) yog muaj ib tug tiag tiag "boom" ntawm tsiv teb tsaws. Heev ntau tau tswm nyob rau hauv Itil. Raws li cov contemporaries, "cov neeg Yudais besieged lub zwm txwv ntawm Aunpadaiyas." Lawv hais tias Kagan muab cov neeg Yudais muaj ntau tsim nyog, tso cai rau txiav txim nyob rau hauv tej lub zos. Kagan nce qhov kev siv ntawm tej tsev sablaj thiab kev cai dab qhuas cov tsev kawm ntawv, twb zoo siab tos txais los ntawm cov neeg Yudais sages, generously endowing lawv nrog cov nyiaj.

Cov neeg Yudais raug zoo-kev txawj ntse, zoo versed nyob rau hauv cov lag luam tawm ... tab sis lawv txoj kev ntseeg, uas yog detrimental rau lub Khanate. Peb twb tham txog qhov tseeb hais tias lub Khazar xeev twb tsis txawv tshwj xeeb tsim kev tswj systems. Cov kev txaus sab ntawm lub zoo tshaj plaws nom tswv cajceg ntawm Judaism yog tig mus los ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov kev kawm uas twb tau koom lub zoo tshaj plaws hwj chim tsis muaj piety. Rau feem ntau ntawm cov Khazars tseem ceeb yog lub tswv yim ntawm cov kev txwj quas laug, thiab lawv tsis pub tshwj xeeb txoj kev hlub rau cov neeg Yudais.

Ib tug nriaj rau lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub Khaganate. Muaj strife, ib co Khazars merged nrog cov Turks thiab Hungarians, uas nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb Pecheneg. Lawv nkag mus rau hauv thiab ob tog pab tub rog thiab kev nom kev tswv alliances. Contemporaries hu ua lawv "Cabaret." Qhov no, nyob rau hauv particular, feem ntau sau Konstantin Porfirorodny.

Tsis ceeb, nyob rau hauv cov nplaim taws ntawm kev tsov kev rog hlawv nws tus kheej Aunpadaiyas, thiab ob ntawm nws successor: Hexekhiya thiab Manaxe. Bloodless hwj chim tshaj hauv lub xeev coj tshaj Chanukah, tuaj kwv tij Aunpadaiyas. Los ntawm lub sij hawm lub Crimea, uas yog ib lub tsev mus rau ib tug ntau ntawm "provincials", rau txim rau tus rapprochement nrog cov neeg Yudais, nws tuaj nyob rau hauv lub protectorate ntawm Byzantium. Thaum lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws uas tus Khazars tau advancing hordes Pechenegs, uas nom tswv thiab kev cai dab qhuas strife twb kiag uninteresting.

Raws li lub cev qhuav dej ntawm Kaganate pab cov haiv neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub Khazars?

Koj yuav tsum to taub hais tias tsis paub txog ntawm tag nrho cov twists thiab koj lem, koj yuav tsis to taub leej twg yog tus Khazars los ntawm keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv lub xeem xyoo ntawm tus Khanate ntawm nws haiv neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg yog cov wonderfully yeeb yuj. Yog hais tias koj tau nyeem tsab xov xwm, thiab yeej tsis to taub hais tias lub Khazars twb yeej tsis tshwj xeeb yog tag nrho lwm haiv neeg. Prevailing haiv neeg thiab kev ntseeg coj lem nyob rau hauv kaganate ntawm ib qho zoo kawg npaum li cas.

Yog li ntawd koj thaum kawg saib qhov no, muab piv txwv los ntawm lub neej ntawm lub caij Khanate. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 730 Kagan lub hli txais Judaism. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 737, cia li xya xyoo tom qab ntawd, cov Khazars (duab ntawm ib co relics ntawm uas era yog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) muaj professed Islam. Nrog 740 775 ib xyoos lawv ua devout ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub patronage ntawm lub Byzantine Emperor Constantine Copronymus. Nrog 786 ntawm 809 xyoo - Islam dua. Qhov no lub sij hawm nrog lub koob hmoov ntawm lub Baghdad Caliph Harun al-Rashid. Nrog 799 ntawm 809 xyoos, peb paub Kagan Aunpadaiyas dua nquag txhawb "Judaism mus rau lub masses."

Ethnographers ntseeg tau hais tias nyob rau hauv tsawg tshaj li 100 xyoo, ces tus Khazars assimilated nrog cov haiv neeg professing ntseeg Vajtswv thiab Islam, cov lawv thawj haiv neeg yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi sab laug. Qhov kawg yeej ntawm lub Khazar Khanate (los yog es, nws tus kheej puas tsuaj) dua ib zaug muaj pov thawj txaus ntseeg hais tias rau lub tsim ntawm haib tiag tiag lub xeev yuav tsum tau ib tug muaj zog paus cai, uas, cov lwm yam, yog muaj peev xwm mus coj mus rau hauv tus account lub xav li cas ntawm tag nrho cov nws kawm.

Kawg tuag Kaganate

Nw nyuam qhuav ib xyoos tom qab qhov kawg kev txiav txim siab ntawm Judaism pib qeeb txom nyem hauv lub xeev: 810 820 xyoo ntawm nws quaj los kuamuag vim revolt twb paub rau peb, lub cabaret; nrog 822 ntawm 836 xyoo muaj qhov ntxeem tau ntawm lub Hungarians. Nrog 829 ntawm 842 xyoo txoj cai Byzantine huab tais ua The-aufiluas, uas tau ib txoj kev nyob rau hauv lub Khazar Khanate kawg discord. Nyob rau hauv 965 Svyatoslav trashes Khazar pab tub rog, tom qab uas Kagan lub hli III rau lub sij hawm (!) Hais tias lub xeev ntseeg ntawm Judaism. Raws li zoo muaj yog ib tug ua tiav yeej ntawm lub Khazar Khanate?

Los ntawm kawg ntawm lub thib kaum rau caug xyoo rau tag nrho cov haiv neeg thiab kev cai dab qhuas leapfrog tshaj lub fact tias cov Khazars tau thaum kawg assimilated los ntawm cov Muslims. Yog li, lub yav tas Turkic pab pawg neeg, uas twb tau los tsim ib tug ncaj tseem ceeb rau pej xeem kev kawm ntawv, tau ua poob lawm lawv muaj kev ywj pheej thiab lawv tus kheej lub teb chaws.

tshawb pom

Tag nrho cov saum toj no qhia tau hais tias lub Khazars yuav yooj yim muaj nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub khanate thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb yuav tsum yog lub keeb kwm teb ntawm cov neeg Yudais. Theologians, txawm li cas los, ntseeg hais tias lub hauv paus pib ntawm Judaism (thiab Christianity nrog Islam) nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog shamanism yog thoob plaws ntawm cov nomadic pab pawg neeg. Qhov no, incidentally, yog heev npaum li cas reflected nyob rau hauv cov ntseeg Vajtswv, peb tsis paub lub npe ntawm Vajtswv, tiam sis peb xav tias nws yog tag nrho, thiab Nws txoj kev tshav ntuj yog qhov txhia chaw. Yog li, Turkic pab pawg neeg tau ua si ib qho tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm niaj hnub kev vam meej, vim lawv tau muab noob neej monotheism.