Lavxias teb sab paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Creativity paj huam muaj hnub nyoog 19-20

Qhov zoo Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv Maxim Gorky hais tias "nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 xwm tus poj impulses ntawm tus ntsuj plig, lub siab thiab lub plawv ntawm ib tug yeej muaj tseeb artist." Qhov no yog thaws rov los nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm neeg sau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1905, lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog kuv thiab cov pej xeem ua tsov ua rog, lub ntiaj teb no pib tawg ua me me zoo li. Muaj ib tug kev sib raug zoo disharmony, thiab cov neeg ua hauj lwm rov qab tag nrho cov yav tas los yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv Russia pib mus rau awaken ywj siab philosophical xav muaj tshiab tiam sis nyob rau hauv kos duab, sau ntawv thiab paj huam los ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th overestimated qhov tseem ceeb thiab tsis lees txais cov laus morality.

Yuav ua li cas yog nws, cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub lem ntawm lub xyoo pua?

Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm classicism nyob rau hauv kos duab tuaj modernism, uas yuav tsum tau muab faib ua ob peb ceg: symbolism, Acmeism, futurism, imagism. Kuv txuas ntxiv mus vam realism, nyob rau hauv uas lub puab ntiaj teb no xwm nyob rau hauv raws li nws kev teeb meem no; socialist realism tsis pub thuam ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, ces tus neeg sau ntawv nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm sim tsis txhob tsa nom tswv tej teeb meem. Thaum lub sij hawm lub golden hnub nyoog ntawm cov nyiaj raws li lawv bold tswv yim tshiab thiab muaj ntau haiv neeg yam. paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th kwv huam tau sau nyob rau hauv raws li ib yam thiab style: rau Mayakovsky tus sau ntawv yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug ntaiv, rau Khlebnikov - nws heev heev occasionalisms rau Severianin - txawv txawv suab xaus sib dhos.

Los ntawm Futurism rau Socialist realism

Nyob rau hauv lub symbolism ntawm lub kws sau paj lug hais txog ib yam cim, hint, li ntawd, lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm muaj peev xwm yuav multi-muaj nuj nqis. Lub ntsiab cov neeg sawv cev twb Zinaida Gippius, Alexander BLOK, Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov mus ib txhis hom phiaj, thaum xa mus rau mysticism. Nyob rau hauv 1910, ib tug teebmeem ntawm symbolism - tag nrho cov tswv yim no tau twb tau rhuav, thiab tus nyeem ntawv yuav tsis tau dab tsi tshiab nyob rau hauv cov kwv huam.

Lub Futurism kiag negate lub qub kev cai. Nyob rau hauv neeg txhais lus, lub sij hawm txhais tau tias "lub kos duab ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej", lub sau ntawv tau attracted cov neeg tuaj saib shocking, tsis paub thiab clarity. Kwv huam ntawm no sib - Vladimir Mayakovsky thiab Osip Mandelstam - yus muaj los ntawm thawj pes tsawg leeg thiab nonce lus (sau cov lus).

Socialist realism yog neeg ua hauj lwm muab kev kawm ntawv neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm socialism. Writers portrayed yam teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub zej zog nyob rau hauv ib tug revolutionary kev loj hlob. Poets sawv tawm tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Marina Tsvetaeva, thiab ntawm novelists - Maxim Gorky, Mikhail Sholokhov, Yevgeny Zamyatin.

Los ntawm acmeism rau novokrestyanskoy lyrics

Imagism sawv nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo tom qab lub kiv puag ncig. Dua li no, Sergey Esenin thiab Anatoly Mariengof tsis reflected nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib raug thiab nom tswv lub tswv yim. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no sib sib cav hais tias cov paj huam yuav tsum tau zoo li tus, yog li lawv ua tsis stint nyob rau metaphors, epithets, thiab lwm yam txhais tau tias ntawm artistic qhia.

Cov neeg sawv cev novokrestyanskoy lyrics appealed rau nws tej hauj lwm rau lub pej xeem kev lig kev cai, peb siab kawg rau cov nyob deb nroog lub neej. Xws li yog cov Lavxias teb sab kws sau paj lug ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th Sergey Esenin. Nws cov paj huam - ntshiab thiab sincere, thiab tus sau piav qhia txog nyob rau hauv lawv lub qhov thiab yooj yim tib neeg kev zoo siab, xa mus rau kev lig kev cai Aleksandra Pushkina thiab Mikhail Lermontov. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917, ib tug luv luv-lived elation muab txoj kev uas yuav chim siab.

Lub sij hawm "Acmeism" txhais tau tias "nws yog lub sij hawm kom loj hlob." Cov paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, Nikolai Gumilev, Anna Akhmatova, Osip Mandelstam thiab Sergey Gorodetsky nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm rov qab mus rau yav tag los thiab Russia txais tos kev xyiv fab contemplation ntawm lub neej, clarity ntawm kev xav, simplicity thiab brevity. Lawv ciali mus Retreat los ntawm teeb meem, maj mam muab floated cia tus dej, hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom paub cov unknowable.

Philosophical thiab puas siab puas ntsws richness ntawm Bunin lub paj huam

Ivan yog ib tug kws sau paj lug nyob hauv kev tshuam ntawm ob eras, li ntawd, nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm reflected ib co yaam puab paub txuam nrog qhov pib ntawm niaj hnub lub sij hawm, li cas los xij, nws hais ntxiv hais cov kev lig kev cai ntawm Pushkin. Nyob rau hauv lub paj huam "Yav tsaus ntuj", nws coj mus rau tus nyeem ntawv lub tswv yim tias kev zoo siab yog tsis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas ntiag tug, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov tib neeg raug: "Kuv pom, hnov, zoo siab - tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv kuv." Nyob rau hauv lwm yam tej hauj lwm, cov lyrical hero tso cai nws tus kheej xav txog qhov transience ntawm lub neej, nws ua ib tug ua rau kev tu siab.

Bunin yog koom nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv ua si nyob rau hauv Russia thiab txawv teb chaws, uas tom qab lub kiv puag ncig xa ntau paj huam los ntawm thaum ntxov 20th caug xyoo. Nyob rau hauv Paris, nws xav tias zoo li ib tug neeg txawv - "tus noog muaj ib lub zes, tus tsiaj nyaum noj ib lub qhov", thiab nws lub teb chaws, nws poob. Bunin yog nws txoj kev cawm seej nyob rau hauv cov txuj ci uas nws tau txais lub Nobel nqi zog nyob rau hauv 1933, thiab nyob rau hauv Russia nws yog suav tias yog ib tug yeeb ncuab ntawm cov neeg, tab sis tsis txhob tso tseg typing.

Sensual lyricist, kws sau paj lug thiab kicker

Sergey Yesenin yog Imagist thiab tsis tsim tshiab ntsiab lus uas, thiab tsa cov tuag lus los ntawm muab lawv nyob kaj lug poetic dluab. Los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, nws los ua nto moo rogues thiab nqa nws los ntawm lub zoo ntawm nws lub neej tag nrho, yog ib tug frequenter ntawm taverns, nto moo kev hlub affairs. Cuaj kaum, nws yog passionately fond ntawm nws teb koj chaw: "Kuv yuav hu nkauj rau tag nrho kuv yog ib tug kws sau paj lug-thib rau lub ntawm lub teb chaws nrog cov npe Short" Rus "- ntau paj huam los ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th qhia nws admiration rau nws lub teb chaws. Cov philosophical lyrics Esenina qhia qhov teeb meem ntawm tib neeg hav zoov. Tom qab 1917, cov kws sau paj lug yog tu siab rau kiv puag ncig, vim hais tias es tsis txhob ntawm qhov ntev-awaited lub vaj kaj siab lub neej tau rais los zoo li ntuj raug txim.

Hmo ntuj, txoj kev, lub teeb, lub tsev muag tshuaj ...

Alexander BLOK - lub feem ntau ci ntsa iab Lavxias teb sab paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, uas tau sau nyob rau hauv lub "symbolism". Nws yog nthuav kom soj ntsuam yuav ua li cas los ntawm tus sau nyob rau hauv tus sau los yog ib tug evolution ntawm tus poj niam duab: los ntawm lub zoo nkauj poj niam mus rau lub passionate Carmen. Yog hais tias thaum xub thawj nws deifies tus kwv uas nws hlub, nws yeej muaj tseeb nws tsis tau twv kom defame, tom qab ntawd tus hluas nkauj zoo li nws ntau mundane creatures. Los ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm Romanticism, nws pom lub ntsiab lus, mus los ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm lub neej, nws teb nyob rau hauv nws cov kwv huam rau cov txheej xwm ntawm pej xeem tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv lub paj huam "Lub Kaum Ob tug," nws qhia lub tswv yim uas lub kiv puag ncig - tsis yog qhov kawg ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, thiab nws cov ntsiab lub hom phiaj yog txoj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov laus thiab cov creation ntawm ib tug tshiab lub ntiaj teb no. Nyeem yuav nco ntsoov cov Bloc li cov neeg sau ntawm cov paj huam "Hmo ntuj, txoj kev, lub teeb, lub tsev muag tshuaj ...", nyob rau hauv uas nws qhia txog lub ntsiab ntawm lub neej.

Ob tug poj niam sau ntawv

Philosophers thiab paj huam los ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yog feem ntau cov txiv neej, thiab lawv tej txuj ci yog qhia vim qhov thiaj li hu ua Muses. Cov poj niam ua hauj lwm lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lawv tus kheej mus ob peb vas, thiab feem ntau tseem ceeb poetesses nyiaj hnub nyoog twb Anna Akhmatova thiab Marina Tsvetaeva. Tus thawj yog tus poj niam ntawm Nikolaya Gumileva, thiab lawv union twb yug los rau hauv lub npe nrov historian Lev Gumilyov. Anna Akhmatova tsis nyiam nyob rau hauv lub exquisite stanzas - nws cov kwv huam yuav tsis tau teem caij rau cov suab paj nruag, ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm artistic qhia tau tsawg. Lub predominance daj thiab gray nyob rau hauv qhov kev piav qhia, cov neeg pluag thiab tarnish kawm kom txawj nyeem ntawv lub siab dawb thiab pub qhia qhov tseeb mus ob peb vas ntawm tus kws sau paj lug, ciaj lub shooting ntawm nws tus txiv.

Txoj hmoo Mariny Tsvetaevoy tragic. Nws kawm tiav los ntawm yus tua yus, thiab ob lub hlis tom qab nws tuag, raug tua los ntawm nws tus txiv Sergei Efron. Nyeem nws nco ntsoov txog cov me pojniam plaub hau daj poj niam, muaj feem xyuam rau qhov xwm ntawm cov ntshav ties. Heev feem ntau nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm featured Rowan berries tias tas mus li nkag mus hauv lub heraldry ntawm nws cov paj huam: "Liab txhuam roob tshauv zes mus poob nplooj Kuv twb yug los ..."

Lub txawv txawv kwv huam paj huam muaj hnub nyoog 19-20?

Nyob rau hauv lub tshiab xyoo pua masters ntawm tus cwj mem thiab lo lus pom zoo tshiab cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntxhais ntawm nws tej hauj lwm. Nyob twj ywm yam, cov lus ntawm cov paj huam mus rau lwm cov paj huam thiab cov phooj ywg. Imagist Vadim Shershenevich ras los ntawm nws ua hauj lwm "ci". Nws tsis tso nyob rau hauv nws ib zaug xwb punctuation cim tsis tawm khoob ntawm cov lus, tab sis nws originality lus dag rau lwm qhov chaw: saib cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm tus kab nyob rau hauv txoj hlua, nws yuav tau pom raws li ib tug sawv tawm ntawm cov lwm yam lus, ib co capital cov tsiaj ntawv txoj kev ua rau cov lus: Valery Bryusov los ntawm tus sau .

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Creativity paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yog ciav nyob rau hauv nws originality. Vladimir Mayakovsky kuj nco txog thaum tsim ib tug tshiab hauv daim ntawv ntawm nqe - "ntaiv." Cov kws sau paj lug sau kwv huam rau txhua lub sijhawm, tab sis hais me ntsis txog kev hlub; Nws tau raug kawm raws li ib tug unsurpassed classic, luam lab, cov neeg tuaj saib poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog nws outrageous thiab innovation.