Lavxias teb sab foob pob ua ntxaij "Rokot": hauj lwm, yam ntxwv thiab nthuav tseeb

Cov foob pob ua ntxaij "Rokot", - tus Lavxias teb sab cab kuj foob pob ua ntxaij, uas yog tau xa mus rau lub orbit ntawm lub teeb thiab medium payload. Nyob rau Upper theem "tshau-KM ', nws qhia li rau 2150 kg ntawm payload rau ib tug qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 200 km.

Keeb kwm ntawm creation

Yuav ua li cas yog ib cov cab kuj foob pob ua ntxaij "Rokot"? Nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv intercontinental ballistic missile UR-100N, kuj hu ua SS-19 Stiletto. UR-100N txoj kev loj hlob pib nyob rau hauv 1970 nrog rau cov aim ntawm kev txhim kho ICBMs UR-100 thiab tsim ib tug loj aircraft uas muaj peev xwm nqa hnyav zog loads.

Davhlau kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm xyoo 1973 rau 1975, thiab cov system los ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv 1974. Los ntawm 1978, nws raug ua los ntawm tag nrho cov kev pab ntawm 190 rockets. Lub zoo version, hu ua UR-100UTTH, yog commissioned nyob rau hauv 1979 thiab hloov lub qub qauv, kho kom sawvdaws xeeb ib tug tshaj plaws Tshuag ntawm 360 units.

Cov nuclear ntaub thaiv npog

UR-100 cuaj luaj yuav nqa mus txog rau ywj siab ntawm nws tus kheej targetable warheads nrog ib tug ntau yam ntawm 10,000 km. Lawv yuav tsum tau npaj khiav rau 25 feeb txhua lub 22-xyoo txee lub neej. Intercontinental ballistic missile UR-100 thiab tseem nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab.

Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm tus mob khaub thuas ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv lub Khrunichev Khrunichev riam phom tau redesigned thiab nruab nrog niaj hnub avionics thiab lub Upper theem "tshau-KM ', uas tso cai rau nws siv raws li qhov chaw community launch tsheb. NGOs "Engineering" kuj revolutionized UR-100 community launch lub tsheb, tab sis tsis muaj teeb meem loj modifications, tsim ib tug tsawg saj zawg zog, tab sis tsis tshua kim apparatus kev tshem tawm cov me me payloads rau hauv uas tsis muaj lub ntiaj teb orbit. Nyob rau hauv no configuration, nws yog lub npe hu ua "Xub".

Los ntawm cov Baikonur cosmodrome nyob rau hauv Plesetsk

Tus thawj community launch "Rokot" community launch twb muaj kaum ib hlis 20, 1990 los ntawm lub Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan. Tus thawj orbital davhlau coj qhov chaw nyob rau lub hlis ntuj nqeg 26, 1994. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1995, lub tuam txhab Eurockot, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov uas tus Lavxias teb sab cab kuj foob pob ua ntxaij "Rokot" twb tsim tau muab tso rau hauv ua lag luam rau cov coj mus muag launches.

Lub tuam txhab tau mas yuav kis tau 45 spacecraft. Nyob rau hauv 2000, Astrium tau yuav ib tug 51% ceg txheem ntseeg Eurockot. Qhov seem 49% uas Khrunichev. Nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 2000, los ntawm cov cosmodrome "Plesetsk" "Rokot" twb launched tsis yog los ntawm cov mine, raws li tau tshwm sim mus rau qhov "Baikonur", thiab ntawm thaj av thauj thawv.

Cov foob pob ua ntxaij "Rokot": Nta

Lub spacecraft yog ib tug ob-theem "tshau KM" Zhidkotoplivnyy koob feem ntau yog nruab nrog rau lub xeem rau theem, uas yog tau xa ib tug payload txog li 2140 kg tsawg lub ntiaj teb orbit thiab 1200 kg hnub-synchronous.

Nta ntawm cov cab kuj foob pob ua ntxaij "Rokot" muaj raws li nram no:

• qhov siab ntawm 29,15 m,
• lub loj lub cheeb ntawm 2.5 m,
• pib luj ntawm 107 000 kg,
• Roj - unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (heptyl) thiab nitrogen tetroxide.

thawj theem

Tus thawj theem ntawm cov cab kuj foob pob ua ntxaij teeb hauv chav kawm ntawv "Rumble" yog 17,2 m ntev thiab 2.5 m nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla. Tank nrog nitrogen tetroxide yog nyob saum toj no cov hlab nrog unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine. Ob qho tank sib cais los ntawm ib tug muab faib. Lifting hnyav - 77.200 kg, 5700 kg inertnaya-.

Thawj peb theem yog siv RD-0233 thiab RD-0234 nyob ib leeg. Lawv designs yog zoo sib xws, tab sis lub RD-0234 muaj ib tug kub exchanger uas khoom siv compressed roj rau roj tso tsheb hlau luam kom lawv nyob rau hauv yuav tsum tau siab thoob plaws hauv lub thawj theem ntawm lub davhlau.

Tag nrho xyaw - turbine twj nrog lub voj kaw. Txhua muab 470 KN ntsawj hais tias ib tug tag nrho ntawm 1.870 KN los yog 190.700 kg. Nqus Qws thawj theem - 2070 KN (211.100 kg) engine 520 KN.

Control yog muab los ntawm ib tug neeg gimbal ncua kev kawm ntawv ntawm txhua tus ntawm cov plaub xyaw. Teev - 121.

Qhov kev sib cais yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv kub tej yam kev mob. Vernier lub cev muaj zog ntawm lub thib ob theem ignites ua ntej qhov kev sib cais kauj ruam. Hatches xa plaub dav hlau nozzles tawm. Tom qab pib pyrotechnic vernier tso mechanism pushes siv thawj theem. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog txawm peem rau nrog plaub khoom foob pob ua ntxaij motors yog cig tom qab sib cais kom tshem tawm nws mus rau ib tug muaj kev ruaj ntseg deb.

Qhov thib ob theem

Qhov thib ob theem yog 3.9 m ntev thiab 2.5 m nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla. Nws luj yog 1,500 kg ntxiv 10.700 kg ntawm roj. Tank nrog ib tug oxidant thiab ib tug roj tank nyob saum toj no thiab sib cais los ntawm nws los ntawm ntau muab faib.

Cov theem yog txawm peem rau nrog turbo xyaw ntawm lub kaw voj voog: cov thawj ntawm cov RD-0235 thiab RD-plaub-chambered vernier 0236 los tswj cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub davhlau.

RD-0235 muaj ib tug me me nqus thrust ntawm 240 KN (24,470 kg), muab ib tug mem tes ntawm 320 p.

RD-0236 muab traction 15,76 KN (1,607 kg) thiab 293 ua hauj lwm. Txhua yam ntawm tus plaub nozzles ntawm lub cav los ntawm cov gimbal yuav taug mus ib axis, muab ib tug tswj missile orientation ntawm lub thib ob theem ntawm lub davhlau. Muaj kuj yog siv ib tug system kub roj mus tsim lub tsim nyog siab nyob rau hauv lub tso tsheb hlau luam.

sab sauv theem

"Nws rumbles" Lub foob pob ua ntxaij yog txawm peem rau nrog rau cov sab sauv theem, uas muaj peb lub ntsiab seem - lub cev muaj zog, encapsulation ntawm lub cargo compartment thiab lub intermediate compartment, yog koom nrog tus thib ob theem.

"Tshau KM" yog 2.6 m nyob rau hauv ntev, 2.5 m nyob rau hauv lub cheeb thiab loj ntawm 1320 kg. Heptyl tank nyob saum toj no lub thawv nrog ib tug oxidant. Cov yav tas muaj ib tug conical daim ntawv thiab ib tug ua si nraum zoov kom haum raws li lub ntsiab engine. "Tshau KM" yuav haum 1665 kg thiab 3310 kg UDMH oxidant. Yuav kom muaj qhov yuav tsum siab nyob rau hauv lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab pneumatic tswj siv kev kub siab Helium.

Lub hauv paus yog ib feem ntawm lub thaiv muaj ib lub taub ntim nrog ib tug oxidant, pov tseg saum toj no cov roj tank. Ob leeg tso tsheb hlau luam yog nruab nrog hydraulic thiab pneumatic tshuab, thiab nrog baffles los mus tiv thaiv cov kua tsoo lub phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev. Lawv muaj ib tug toroidal zoo nrog ib tug so rau hauv qab rau lub ntsiab propulsion system, uas txo qhov ntev ntawm lub theem. Hauv qab no yog ib tug compartment nrog ib tug tseem ceeb propulsion xyaw thiab stabilization thiab orientation, thiab kheej kheej tso tsheb hlau luam nrog Helium thiab chaw sam roj rau lawv. Khoom them nrog thermal rwb thaiv tsev tiv thaiv ntev txias ntawm cov roj uas muaj feem xyuam rau nws viscosity, thiab yuav ua tau kom khov ntawm cov kav dej thiab tso tsheb hlau luam.

khoom bay

Nyob rau hauv lub qaum kev ib lub thaiv nyob rau hauv ib tug inverted lub khob hliav qab truncated nyob cov khoom compartment muaj ntas, kev muab cov installation ntawm txawv controllers, telemetry modules, roj teeb thiab kev sib txuas lus tshuab. Tau tshaj adapters rau 2,49 m nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla.

Thaum lub hauv qab yog 60 cm adapter txuas "tshau KM" mus rau lub thib ob theem, zoo li muab mounting cov fairings.

Nyob rau hauv lub boost chav tsev ob roj systems yog DVR: ib tug tsis tshua muaj siab rau cov ntsiab cav thiab lub siab engine stabilization thiab orientation. Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si siv chetyrohokis unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine thiab nitrogen, uas yog nroj cig cuag tam sim ntawd tom qab los mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog txhua lwm yam.

xyaw koob

Cwj pwm tswj xyaw siv nyob rau hauv "tshau-KM" yog hu ua 17D58E thiab muab ib tug me me thrust ntawm 13.3 N. Txhua ntu muaj ib tug ntev ntawm 14 cm thiab nyhav 550 g dav hlau thruster khiav hauj lwm rau ib tug tov ratio ntawm 1: 1.85 thiab ib tug me me tswv yim siab 14,7 bar, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm mus mas siab pressures kev ntsuas pib ntawm 7.8 mus 34,3 bar. Rau tus cwj pwm tswj propulsion systems siv nyob rau hauv pulsed hom nrog ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus operating lub sij hawm ntawm 0.03 s, tab sis 17D58E kuj ntawv pov thawj ua hauj lwm tsis tu ncua kom mus txog rau 10,000 vib nas this. Lub cav yuav mas 450.000 mus.

Lub hwj chim mov system koob

"Tshau CM" yog txawm peem rau nrog nws tus kheej fais fab mov system muaj ib lub roj teeb thiab lub hwj chim faib systems uas muab mus rau 7 teev ntawm lub lag luam theem rau kab nyob saum ntuj. Ntsuas compartment muaj xws li telemetry pab kiag li lawm nrog transmitters thiab antennas, thiab rau daim kab xev rau cov ntaub ntawv cia thiab kis tau tus mob. kev taw qhia, navigation thiab tswj yog lub luag hauj lwm rau hauv lub davhlau rau hauv tag nrho cov ua sawv. Nws muaj ib tug platform nrog ib tug inertial kev taw qhia uas muaj ib tug 3-axis gyroscope nrog onboard computers. Lub system muaj triple redundancy nrog feem ntau txiav txim siab. Nws yog tag nrho siv yooj yim thiab yuav tsis tau tshuaj los ntawm cov sab nraum.

cowling

"Rokot" missile yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug Fairing, uas yog tsim los rau cov coj mus muag version ntawm lub spacecraft. Nws yog ntsia tau rau hauv lub twj paj nruag compartment sab sauv theem. Nws muaj ob daim ntawm 7.8 m nyob rau hauv ntev, uas ua ke muaj ib tug elliptical daim ntawv ntawm 2.5 mus 2,62 m nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla. Muab lub payload yog 5.9 m nyob rau hauv qhov siab.

Cov Fairing tiv thaiv lub spacecraft los ntawm aerodynamic, thermal thiab acoustic influences sib sib zog tsa rau nws thaum lub sij hawm lub davhlau nyob rau hauv cov cua. Thaum nws yoojyim rau foob pob ua ntxaij Fairing yog tawm los ntawm qhib lub cov neeg kho tshuab locking, lub fastening ob tug ib nrab-zoo li raws txoj kab ntsug ntawm kev sib cais los ntawm ib tug pyrotechnic ntaus ntawv muab tso rau hauv lub qhov ntswg ntawm lub Fairing. Ces nyob rau hauv lub kab rov tav kab ntawm kev sib cais tua ob peb heev bolts, tas cov Fairing mus disperse laterally los ntawm pas nrig caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Loop nyob puag ntawm kev sib hloov nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub tsheb thiab meej sib cais.

Cia thiab community launch system

Tsis zoo li cov SS-19, uas pib los ntawm lub mines, lub community launch txog cov cab kuj foob pob ua ntxaij "Rokot" yog tsim los ntawm cov thauj thiab community launch thawv nyob rau cosmodrome Plesetsk, Russia. Lub cuaj luaj yog khaws cia rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, nws yuav tsum tau cov kev tswj ntawm ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob thiab kev tswj ib tug nitrogen cua. Tsheb thauj mus los thiab installation ntawm lub community launch ncoo kuj ua nyob rau hauv lub thawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub thawv muaj txhais tau tias rau pre-community launch npaj thiab kev tiv thaiv.

Ua ntej yuav pib nws yog txhab, thiab nyob rau rooj teem lub payload, lub sab sauv theem thiab Fairing. Yuav kom txuas ib lub taub ntim rau refueling interfaces raws li lub hwj chim thiab cov ntaub ntawv cable. Nyob rau hauv lub upright txoj hauj lwm foob pob ua ntxaij "Rumble" rests on lub nplhaib rau hauv qab ntawm lub thawv. Thaum lub sij hawm takeoff discontinuous cables yog kaw cov neeg kho tshuab tshuab. Thaum lub sij hawm lub community launch txog lub ntaus ntawv yog ua los ntawm ob tug ntsia. Lub thawv tiv thaiv ib tug community launch ncoo ntawm lub engine emissions, thiab yog siv ib zaug.

nthuav lus tseeb

Lub launching ntawm rockets "Rokot" yuav tsum nres nyob rau hauv 2017 tom qab qhov kev siv ntawm cov teem sij hawm tsoom fwv teb chaws thiab coj mus muag launches.

Lub npe SS-19 Stiletto - NATO yog ib lub npe rau no hom ntawm ICBM. SS stands rau cov system "av-av" thiab tus naj npawb 19 thiab lub npe "Stiletto" muab rau no hom ntawm intercontinental ballistic cuaj luaj. Nyob rau hauv Russia, lub xeem lub npe ntawm tus SS-19 - RS-18 thiab UR-100N.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws txog qhov chaw foob pob ua ntxaij "Rokot" hais tias nws cov ntseeg, uas yog paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm lub 27 muaj kev vam meej launches tawm ntawm 29. Thiab cov 150 launches SS-19 xwb 3 twb hai thaum pib ntawm lub lag luam nyob rau hauv 1970. Test launches ntawm SS-19 thiab "Rokot" yog muaj nyob rau txhua xyoo raws li ib feem ntawm kev kuaj cov cia siab rau ntawm lub spacecraft thiab cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub cosmic rog.