Las voos thiab choreographer Marta Grem: A Biography. Lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab Marty Grem seev cev txheej txheem

Nyob rau hauv txhua encyclopedia ntawm niaj hnub tus neeg dhia tes ua las voos Marty Grem lub npe yuav sawv nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm yawm. Nws yuav hu ua ib tug revolutionary thiab ib tug destroyer ntawm cov me nyuam yaus. Graham Dance School thiab nws cov txheej txheem los ua lub hauv paus rau niaj hnub nimno thiab choreography tau pab cov kev loj hlob ntawm tus neeg dhia tes nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

pib ntawm txoj kev

Tej zaum 11, 1894 nyob rau hauv ib tug me me American lub zos yug Marta Grem. Tsis yog tus twg lub cheeb tsam los yog cov tsev neeg, los yog lub sij hawm, nws ciali, tsis qhia rau yav tom ntej ntawm no kuj zoo kawg hluas nkauj, tab sis txoj hmoo decreed txwv tsis pub. Graham tsev neeg muaj nqis los ntawm tus thawj settlers nyob rau hauv America uas los ntawm Scotland. yav tom ntej ua las voos txiv yog tus kws kho mob, cov niam txiv professed Presbyterianism thiab tuav heev conservative views nyob rau lub neej. Cov tsev neeg heev muaj nyiaj, me ntsis Martha twb ncig los ntawm ib tug Catholic neeg ntiav zov menyuam thiab cov tub qhe nyob rau hauv lub tsev ua hauj lwm Suav thiab Japanese. Yog li, ib tug hluas nkauj los ntawm thaum yau yuav tau ntsib nrog lwm haiv neeg.

Tab sis seev cev nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg raug kev raws li tsim nyog thiab muaj kev txhaum. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj rau thawj lub sij hawm ntsib nrog cov kos duab ntawm choreography rau ze li ntawm 20 xyoo. Nws yog tau mus xyuas tus naas ej hais lus los ntawm Ruth St. Denis, uas hloov lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov poj niam. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ib tug tseem txiav txim siab nkag mus rau hauv cov kev qhia ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv nws cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov lub tsev kawm ntawv Denishoun uas qhia nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv Saint-Denis, nrog rau tus neeg zoo tshaj choreographer Ted Shawn. Tom qab ib tug ob peb lub xyoo nws yuav mus rau hauv lub tuam txhab "Denishoun" thiab yuav debut nyob rau hauv nws ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv lub loj theem.

Las voos ntawm tus Victorian era

Thaum lub lem ntawm lub xyoo pua muaj ib tug neeg twg rau pej xeem lub tswv yim lub tswv yim ntawd las voos - nws tsis yog ib tug loj txoj hauj lwm. Nws yog ib feem ntawm kev lom zem qhia tau hais tias: vaudeville, cabaret. Nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, classical tus neeg dhia tes thaum lub sij hawm tsis tau txais ib tug tseem ceeb kis, muaj twb tsim ib lub teb chaws lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nws kuj yog ib tug ntau ntawm cov stereotypes txog ntawm cov seev cev. Tus txiv neej twb kom muaj kuab, straightforward dhia zog, cov poj niam kuj tau mus embody lub tus kab. Cov kev txwv ntawm kev ncua mus las voos scenes, nyiam yog classical, antic kawm. Nws raug yuam ua hauj siv cov lyric cwj pwm nrog mos yas tsim.

kev nkag siab ntawm possibilities

Marta Grem choreography tuaj nyob rau hauv lig, txawm los ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub sij hawm - nyob rau hauv 20 lub xyoos, ces tus classical seev cev nws muaj ib tug nyuaj lub sij hawm, tab sis nws ua li ntawd, thiab yog tsis txaus siab. Nyob rau hauv lub tuam txhab "Denishoun" twb cog noob ntawm nws lyricism, uas yog tsis raug nws. Ted Shawn - pom zoo raws li cov txiv ntawm American seev cev - pom Graham tshwj xeeb zog thiab muaj peev xwm, nws charisma thiab passionate cim tsis Xochitl npe nrov rau nws. Nws yuav tshwm sim ib tug style ntawm Martha, "lub ferocity ntawm dub tsov dub" thiab nws cov kev zoo nkauj. Nws passionately hlub Art Nouveau, uas yog nyob rau hauv qhib nrog tsis tau tsuas yog hnub nyoog, tab sis kuj nws views thiab cov xwm. Txij li thaum tseem yog menyuam yaus, Lub peb hlis ntuj yuav hnov nws txiv lub sib cav hais tias tsheb yuav kis tau tus nrog, kev xav hauv lub xeev. Qhov no lub tswv yim coj mus rau lub creation ntawm nws tus kheej technology.

Mus tshaj cov kev txwv ntawm tus tau

Nrhiav yas possibilities tau tus qauv ntawm lub sij hawm, yog tsis muaj exception nyob rau hauv no txoj kev thiab Martha Graham cov txheej txheem uas yog ib tug txhob nyob rau hauv lub seev cev niaj hnub. Nws nrhiav kev los mus tshem tawm cov tub los ntxhais inequality nyob rau hauv lub seev cev, muab cov poj niam txoj cai qhia muaj zog xav nrog kev pab los ntawm ntse, jagged taw. Graham xav los tsim ib tug txheej txheem uas yuav pab tau cov dancers ua quasi-formal, embodying tig tau thiab lub tswv yim. Nws demanded tias cov kev qhuab qhia thiab lub siab concentration ntawm dancers, thaum tau mus piv rau lub classical kev lig kev cai yas rau yooj yim to taub ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib thiab cov dancers muab ntau dua los qhia tus cwj pwm txawv. Xav thiab muaj tswv yim npaaj Graham pab kom to taub tias seev cev yog raws li nyob rau hauv peb vim li cas: lub sij hawm, lub zog thiab qhov chaw. Lub zog txuam nrog tus cwj pwm txawv uas ua rau lub zog, nws yog thawj zaug txoj hauj lwm ntawm nws technology. Cov tshooj lus nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv Martha pib nrog ib cov saw ntawm tej yam yooj yim taw uas yog intertwined nyob rau hauv txoj compositions. Khoom yog ua nyob rau hauv ob paus ntsiab lus: kontrakshn (compression) thiab tso tawm (extension). Nws ua lub ua las voos mloog zoo rau hauv lub plawv thiab ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm anatomical plasticity. Cov nrhiav rau nws tus kheej-qhia nyob rau hauv lub seev cev pub Graham los tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm no yog ua si los ntawm kev ua pa thiab concentration. Nws muaj peev xwm to taub thiab siv rau aesthetic possibilities ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Nws cov txheej txheem yog tseem lub hauv paus rau niaj hnub seev cev thiab yog muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev pab rau kev dancers.

Lub peb hlis ntuj paub hais tias ib tug neeg perceives lub ntiaj teb no los ntawm cov dluab, myths xwb, archetypes, thiab siv nws nyob rau hauv lawv cov productions. Marta Grem npaj rau muab tso rau hauv qhov uas tsis yog-classical seev cev scenes. Nws sim muab dancers tus loj tshaj txoj kev ywj pheej nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov kev qhia.

Marty Grem troupe

Nyob rau hauv 1926, Martha yoojyim ntawm "Denishoun" troupe, nyob rau hauv uas nws tsis zoo li tau paub lawv cov tswv yim. Tom qab tag nrho, lub troupe muaj ib tug huab tais - Saint-Denis, thiab qhov chaw mus Graham muaj cia li tsis muaj kev xaiv. Nws sau nws lub tuam txhab nyob rau hauv 1927, uas yog Ameslikas hais txog poj niam, nws muaj cov feem ntau devoted thwjtim. Lub peb hlis ntuj nyob ze rau feminist views, nws yog ib tug ntau ntawm kev xav txog lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov poj niam nyob rau hauv lub neej thiab sim muab nws ntau txoj cai thiab lub sij hawm. Nws tau txawm mob siab rau lub ntsiab lus no ob peb productions: "Lub heretic", "Ciam teb" thiab tus naas ej "quaj." Nyob rau hauv cov productions Graham embodies nws lub tswv yim thiab tshawb pom, bewitching cov neeg tuaj saib ib tug tshiab yas.

Nyob rau hauv 1938, lub troupe tshwm thawj tug txiv neej - Erik Houkins, uas txav mus rau modernize Martha seev cev txheej txheem, nws yog enriched nrog classical ntsiab. Ib me ntsis tom qab, tus troupe los Merced Cunningham, uas ua nto moo raws li ib tug destroyer ntawm cov tsoos seev cev ntawm lub canons.

Ntiaj teb no-nrov troupe ntawm Martha tau txais tom qab ib ncig ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab lub Middle East. Choreographer tsim lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas, ua ke nrog rau lub tuam txhab txais ib taag qhov chaw ntawm localization nyob rau hauv New York. Qhov no pab pawg neeg tshwm sim niaj hnub no. Thiab tsis yog raws li ib tug monument rau cov poj Graham, tab sis raws li ib tug nyob, muaj tswv yim pab neeg. Lub repertoire ntawm lub troupe tau fwm ntau productions Martha, nws ua yeeb yam kaw rau xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv.

Tsev staging

Thaum lub sij hawm nws muaj tswv yim lub neej Marta Grem muaj li ntawm 180 ua yeeb yam. Nws legacy yog ciav muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab richness, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau paub qhov txawv tej yam zoo li tib yam-tshaj plaws. Tab sis qhov tseem hnov nrug Graham yog "Sau ntawv lub ntiaj teb no", "Lub qhov tsua ntawm lub siab", "Clytemnestra," "Phaedra," "xav zoo lub tswv yim, nkees nkees," "Tubtxib Tes Haujlwm ntawm Lub teeb". Nws ua yeeb yam featured tsis tau tsuas yog qhov zoo heev choreography, tab sis kuj xav tias tawm mus rau lub me tshaj kom meej. Nws xaiv rau koj tus costumes, lub suab paj nruag, kev noj spatial kev daws teeb meem, koom nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm scenery. Nws ua yeeb yam hnub no yog ib tug classic cuab tam rau dancers thiab choreographers.

zoo nrog ib tug neeg

Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm tus neeg dhia tes ib tug ntau ntawm koj cov neeg, tab sis nyob lub neej raws li ib tug seev cev - ib tug me ntsis. Great ua las voos ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, muaj kev tswj kom coj tag nrho cov mob siab rau nyob rau hauv lub seev cev thiab nws cov keeb kwm - yog Marta Grem. Photo ballerina ciav quab yuam thiab kev qhia, nws poob rau lub xeem qhia nyob rau hauv cov duab, nws xav tias tshaj choreography thiab costumes. Thiab ib tug ntau ntawm cov xim them rau cov kev xaiv ntawm ib tug khub seev cev. Nws ua hauj lwm nrog ntau ntau contemporaries (Nureyev, Pol Teylor, MERS Kanningem, Robert Wilson). Tshwj xeeb kab nyob rau hauv nws biography yog txuam nrog rau cov creation ntawm niaj hnub seev cev, thiab no tandem Jose Limon thiab Marta Grem tus tsis yooj yim sua tsis nco ntsoov. Cov ob innovator, qhov loj tshaj revolutionary, tsim dab tsi fascinates cov neeg tuaj saib kom deb li deb.

Impact on lub ntiaj teb no tus neeg dhia tes

Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug neeg, radically pab cov kab lis kev cai ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, qhov no yog Marta Grem. Quotes los ntawm nws cov nqe lus kom meej meej tuab lub seev cev thiab nws tus cwj pwm ntawm nws lub neej. Nws hais tias: "Movement yeej tsis dag, lub cev xa cov kub ntawm tus ntsuj plig." Lub peb hlis ntuj tau hnov ntawm lub ntsiab lub tswv yim ntawm cov seev cev, thiab nws tau los ua nws lub ntsiab muaj nqis. Nws kuj yog tau tsim ib tug yeeb yam lus qhia cwj pwm txawv, uas los ua ib tug cim txheej txheem ntawm Marty Grem. Nws yog suav hais tias yuav tsum yog tus founder ntawm niaj hnub seev cev nyob rau hauv America, thiab nws tseem ceeb rau lub creation ntawm ib lub teb chaws choreographic tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsis tau overestimated.

Nws tsuas tsis tau tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb troupe, tab sis kuj staged nrug rau ntau theaters, qhov twg cov neeg tuaj saib yog tau pom tej zoo dancers li Rudolf Nureyev, Margot Fonteyn, Maya Plisetskaya, Mikhail Baryshnikov, Natalia Makarova.

Tej lub neej

Marta Grem, uas nws biography yog nkaus muab rau tus neeg dhia tes, yuav tsis tau mas pom tau hais raws li ib tug poj niam. Nws tus txiv yog ib tug khub nyob rau hauv lub seev cev, zoo nraug txiv neej - Erik Houkins. Lawv nyob ua ke rau 6 xyoo, thiab cov kis yog ib tug loj poob siab rau Martha, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm mus ua rau ntawm nws kev xav kev, uas tau ua ib qhov chaw ntawm kev tshoov siab nyob rau hauv lub seev cev. Nws tso rau theem nyob rau 76 xyoo, muaj tej txog nws nyuaj siab, tab sis muaj peev xwm los mus kov yeej tus mob thiab rov qab mus rau kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub choreographer, sau ntawv lwm 10 ballets. Nws twb ncaim mus nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj ntawm 96 xyoo.