Kruglov Sergey Nikiforovich: Biography thiab Tsev Neeg

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Soviet nomenklatura sim kom tsis txhob tawm, vim hais tias nws yog txaj muag thiab unassuming txiv neej. Txawm li cas los, nws pab nyob rau hauv ua txoj haujlwm nyob rau hauv pej xeem kev tswj hwm thiab ua tau raws li ib tug pej xeem daim duab yog heev. Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tub ceev xwm lub koom haum Kruglov Sergey Nikiforovich tau mob siab loj ib feem ntawm nws lub neej, thiab nws official hauj lwm yuav envy ntawm txhua leej txhua tus. Vim li cas cov thawj coj ntawm lub Soviet lub xeev pom nws? Raws li ib tug ntawm cov yog vim li cas rau qhov no qhov tseeb, kws txawj tau sau tseg rau hauv lub fact tias Kruglov Sergey Nikiforovich muaj ib tug university degree, ob peb lwm hom lus, yog ib tug ci ntsa iab organizer, qhib-minded, respectful rau nws subordinates, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau nws "lug txhawb cov miv", uas tag nrho cov qualities muaj ib tug los yog nyob rau feem ntau ob tug. Yuav ua li cas yog zoo kawg li hais txog lub biography ntawm lub statesman thiab pej xeem txiv neej? Xav txog lo lus nug no nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Xyoo ntawm thaum yau thiab thaum tiav hluas

Kruglov Sergey Nikiforovich, nws tsev neeg yog ib tug neeg pluag, tau yug los nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 2, 1907 nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm lub qhov ncauj (Tver xeev).

Tsis ntev tom qab nws niam nws txiv tau tsiv mus rau Petrograd, qhov twg lub txiv mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau nroj tsuag. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub lig 1910s, nrog rau nws niam cov xeeb ntxwv rov qab mus rau lawv cov qub tsev.

Twb raws li ib tug tub hluas, nws tau pib ua hauj lwm, namely los nog nyom nyuj. Lawm, lub sij hawm mus kawm ntawv tom tsev kawm ntawv, Sergei yog ib tug me ntsis. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1924 nws muaj kev tswj kom tau ib tug yooj yim kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Zubtsov. Ncav lub hnub nyoog ntawm kaum xya, tus tub hluas tau txais ib txoj hauj lwm raws li ib tug secretary ntawm lub zos council nyob rau hauv lub zos Nikiforov. Rau kev mob siab nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug tub hluas ib txhia lub sij hawm tom qab tsa taub hau ntawm lub zos council.

Nyob rau hauv 1925, Kruglov Sergey Nikiforovich swells rau ibyam ntawm lub Koom Haum Ntxhais Communist League thiab nrog nws tswj lub tsev pheeb suab nyeem ntawv chav tsev. Nws ces mus rau lub ua liaj ua teb "Vahnovo" Rzhevsky County, uas ntiav thawj trainee, ces tus kho kev ua hauj lwm, thiab ntxiv - ib tug tsheb laij teb.

Qhov kawg ntawm 1928 ib tug tub hluas noj lub Bolshevik tog.

Xyoo ntawm cov tub rog kev pab cuam, thiab ntxiv zog ua si

Kruglov Sergey Nikiforovich sai nais tau sau tseg rau hauv cov tub rog. Tab sis nws yuav kav tsuas yog ib xyoo. Yog nyob rau hauv lub barracks, nws mastered tshiab rau lub profession ntawm nws pib kho tsheb, uas yog pab tau rau nws tom qab demobilization.

Muab cov dej num rau lub motherland, tus tub hluas yuav mus rau Kustanai cheeb tsam, qhov chaw uas nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws kho tsheb xibfwb qhia nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov kev cob qhia thiab tej grain ua liaj ua teb.

Txoj kev tshawb no nyob rau universities

Tej lub sij hawm tom qab, Sergei Nikiforovich realizes hais tias nws xav tau kev pab kom tau ib tug kawm ntawv qib siab, thiab nyob rau hauv 1931 los ua ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm Industrial thiab pedagogical lub koom haum. Karla Libknehta, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub capital. Tab sis nws tsis ntev hloov nws lub tsev kawm ntawv, tsis yog ib tug. Nqa los ntawm lub tog chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv parallel, nws nkag mus hauv lub koom haum ntawm Oriental Studies (Japanese sector), thiab tom qab ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm nws los ua ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm keeb kwm kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Red professors, uas qhib ua ntej Kruglov zeem muag ntawm kev ua ib tug xib fwb. Tab sis txoj hmoo tau los ua nws corrections, thiab tus tub hluas yog tsis tau tiav lub tsev kawm ntawv.

tog hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv 1937, lub undergraduate lub koom haum ntawm Red professors xa mus pov tseg rau ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv. Kruglov Sergey Nikiforovich, uas nws biography yog ntawm kev txaus siab rau cov historians, ntog mus rau lub Department ntawm cov kev tog lub cev, uas ua raws li cov luag hauj lwm organizer.

Nrog kev nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Central Committee ntawm lub CPSU (b), cov tub ntxhais tus neeg yog pauv mus rau lub NKVD, uas yuav pab raws li ib tug pib ntawm Lavrenty Pavlovich Beria. Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm kev ua si yog nyob rau hauv them nyiaj mus sim ib tug tshiab department Kruglov Sergey Nikiforovich (Commissar)?

"Txoj cai txhais tes" Beria

Nws yuav tsum tau kom khiav ntawm tej yam, cov neeg muab kev koom tes tau "lug txhawb cov miv" nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm, ua txhaum thiab ua txhaum cai. Lavrenty Pavlovich twb txaus siab nrog cov kev xaiv ntawm ib tug ua hauj lwm tshiab, thiab tom qab xwb ob lub hlis Kruglov ua ib tug ncaj qha kev pab Beria, lub NKVD taws lub neeg department. Qhov no ntse sawv hauj lwm belongs rau cov qeb ntawm extraordinary cov txheej xwm. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1934 lub koom haum Lavrenty Pavlovich undergone kho kom zoo: nws tau muab faib mus rau hauv lub NKVD thiab cov NKGB. Kruglov Sergey Nikiforovich, ib tug yees duab ntawm cov uas twb paub zoo tias mus lub Soviet pej xeem, txuas ntxiv mus yuav tus "txoj cai txhais tes" ntawm Beria, uas hais kom nws nrog cov gulag thiab ntau lawm thiab kev tsim kho departments. Tab sis lub operative ua hauj lwm yog rau sab nraum lub Scope ntawm kev ua tau zoo Kruglov uas cawm nws nyob rau hauv 1953.

WWII

Thaum pib ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog Ob "lub hwj chim" cov koom haum dua tau merged mus rau hauv ib tug. Txawm tias thawm xyoo Sergey Nikiforovich Kruglov yog ib qho kev pab rau Beria, lub NKVD, nws tsis kam txais kev koom tes, thiab xa mus rau pem hauv ntej.

Thaum lub Germans mus Moscow, cov kev ruaj ntseg tub ceev xwm coj hais kom ua ntawm 4 lub xeev defensive tsim kho ntawm lub NKVD thiab 4 pab tub rog sapper. Rau cov tiv thaiv ntawm lub capital nyob rau hauv 1942, nws tau txais qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub Red Star. Kruglov Sergey Nikiforovich (Commissioner) txuas ntxiv mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim department, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no ntawm 1943, cov tub ceev xwm assigns ib tug siab nyob qib Commissioner of State Security ntawm lub thib ob plaws. Lub NKVD, nws txuas ntxiv mus yuav ib tug deputy minister.

Nyob rau hauv 1944, rau qhov loj lub teb chaws ntawm lub Ingush, Chechens, Karachai, Kalmyks nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws txoj kev ruaj ntseg ceev xwm muab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Suvorov , 1 st degree. Ces Kruglov pib nyob rau hauv Ukraine sib ntaus sib tua OUN, uas twb muab tsub Kutuzov Order ntawm lub 1 degree. Ces Sergei Nikiforovich xa mus rau lub Baltic States. Nyob rau hauv Lithuania nws ua loj heev tu.

Thaum lub kawg ntawm tsov rog nws muab kev tiv thaiv ntawm txawv teb chaws delegations kawm rau hauv lub Yalta rooj sab laj.

tom qab tsov rog,

Nyob rau hauv 1945, qhov kev ruaj ntseg tub ceev xwm, ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Soviet delegation, yuav tuaj txog nyob rau hauv lub US San Francisco, nyob qhov twg lub UN Charter yuav tau tsim. Los ntawm cov lus Askiv, nws tau txais lub siab tshaj plaws title ntawm nom tswv cajceg - "Knight ntawm lub British faj tim teb chaws."

Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv 1945, lub Soviet pej xeem paub tias Kruglov Sergey Nikiforovich - Minister ntawm Internal Affairs ntawm lub USSR, nws twb ua tau zoo los ntawm Beria, uas muaj ib tug ntau ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Politburo.

thawj coj tuag

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1953 tuag "thawj coj ntawm cov neeg" Josef Stalin, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, qhov no fact tau tshwm sim los muaj teeb meem loj cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub apparatus ntawm tsoom fwv. Ib zaug ntxiv, lawv tau merged nrog departments ntawm lub NKVD thiab cov NKGB, thiab cov kev tswj ntawm lub hwj chim qauv dua coj tshaj Lavrenty Beria. Comrade Kruglov rov qab mus rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm nws thawj thawj khub niam txiv. Tsis ntev tsoo tawm qab lub scenes zog rau lub hwj chim, thiab lub taub hau ntawm lub NKVD muaj ib tug zoo lub caij nyoog yuav coj cov ncej ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev. Tab sis nws muaj ib tug loj competitor nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm Nikity Sergeevicha Hruscheva, uas nws thiaj li los ua tus khiav hauv qhov kev ua si. Cov yav tas, noj lub siab tshaj plaws chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, pib ib tug active tawm tsam nrog cov laus cadres, uas yuav tsum tau hloov nws cov neeg. Ntawm chav kawm, nws poob nws txoj hauj lwm privileged tsis tsuas mus rau Lavrentiy Beriya, tab sis nws deputy - Sergei Kruglov, uas twb pauv mus rau ib qho kev pab saib xyuas nyob rau hauv lub Ministry ntawm siv cov kev faib ntawm lub hwj chim nroj tsuag. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub tshiab raws li cov kev ruaj ntseg tub ceev xwm nws tsis kav ntev.

Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1957 nws tau xa mus rau lub xeev Kirov, qhov twg lub regional council ntawm lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag, nws raug tsa pab tus nom. Tab sis qhov no raws li txoj cai Kruglov nyob rau ib luv luv lub sij hawm.

Cov theem kawg ntawm kev ua hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv 1958, vim yog lub deteriorating noj qab haus huv ntawm Sergei Nikiforovich twb yuam kom muab ib tug xiam oob qhab thiab laus.

Nyob rau hauv 1960, ex-Minister ntawm lub NKVD tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv ibyam. Nws twb them nrog kev koom tes nyob rau hauv nom tswv tsuj. Tab sis Soviet ua hauj lwm ntseeg hais tias ib tug neeg yog tsis txuam nrog cov neeg sab nrauv, nws tsis tsim nyog txoj cai tau txais "tub ceev xwm" so, li ntawd, deprived nws ntawm lub social cov kev pab cuam, tab sis kuj coj tam sim ntawd nws muab kev pab cov tsev apartment. Yav tas los kev ruaj ntseg ceev xwm tom qab ib tug thaum nws sim functioning nws ua tswv cuab nyob rau hauv lub Communist tog, tab sis qhov teeb meem yuav nyob rau hauv limbo.

Ib txoj kev los sis lwm, tab sis cov hauj lwm Kruglov tom qab tau txais daim ntawv tsis taus yog tsis tau tiav. Rau ib txhia lub sij hawm nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub finishing ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Ministry ntawm Medium (atomic) engineering. Tsis ntev los no xyoo, lub xeem nyob heev unpretentious thiab unassuming.

kev sib raug zoo raws li txoj cai

Sergey Nikiforovich Kruglov yog ib tug yam ntxwv tsev neeg tus txiv neej. Nrog nws tsuas tus poj niam Taisia Dmitrievnoj Ostapova nws legalized kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv 1934. Lawv tau ntsib thaum lawv cov tub ntxhais kawm tseem Industrial thiab pedagogical lub koom haum, thiab nyob rau tib dorm. Lub keeb kwm ntawm ib qho ntawm cov mus ntsib thiab yog ib tug yuavtsum tau kawm uantej rau kev sib yuav. Nws thiaj li tau tshwm sim uas Taisia twb tsis tau tuaj tawm nyob rau hauv ib hnub. Yog vim li cas muab tau banal. Nyuam qhuav pib, tus hluas nkauj nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev, nrog rau Thais, Nti yuav ib tug khub ntawm khau rau tag nrho cov, raws li cov tub ntxhais kawm ib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv kev xav tau ntawm cov nyiaj. Thiab ib tug ntawm nws tus phooj ywg, uas mus rau "pej xeem" nkawm khau, tsis nco qab hais tias Thais yuav tsum mus rau ib hnub thiab yog lig rau peb teev. Lawm, muaj ib tug surge ntawm tig tau, thiab Ty guessed hais tias yog hais tias tus tub hluas tos rau nws, ces nws yuav ua nws tus poj niam. Sergei tos rau nws, txawm hais tias heev txhawj xeeb hais tias nws yuav tsis tuaj. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub tshoob coj qhov chaw.

Tab sis nws yog heev coj tus, vim hais tias cov khoom ntawm tus newlyweds nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm sab laug npaum li cas yuav tsum tau kawm. Tus thawj lub sij hawm tom qab sib yuav, lawv tseem nyob rau hauv lub dorm, thiab sib nrug los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Ces lawv muaj ib tug ntxhais, Irina thiab tus tub Valery.

Sergei Kruglov, twb tragically tua nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1977. Nws twb hit los ntawm ib tug lub tsheb ciav hlau nyob ze ntawm lub platform "Pravda" (Yaroslavl kev taw qhia ntawm cov nroog loj railway). Statesman twb faus nyob Novodevichy Tojntxas nyob hauv Moscow.