Khib teeb meem chav kawm ntawv 1-4: cov kev pab thiab kev siv

Nkim 1 - 4 chav kawm ntawv ntawm kev txaus ntshai los tiv thaiv ob lub ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg thiab tsiaj yuav tsum tau kom zoo tseg thiab pov tseg. Tag nrho cov khoom uas muaj ib tug tsis zoo feem nyob rau ecosystem, raug muab faib ua 5 chav kawm ntawv, tiam sis feem ntau txaus ntshai yog cov thawj plaub, raws li nyob rau hauv lub thib tsib muaj ntaub ntawv uas yuav tau siv dua.

qib 5

Qhov no hauv chav kawm ntawv muaj qhov qis theem ntawm kev pheej hmoo. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, peb yuav sib tham txog ib tug loj-qhov loj qhov domestic pov tseg: qub rooj tog thiab tej yam uas, cov khoom ua los ntawm yas los yog iav, daim ntawv thiab cov zaub mov pov tseg.

qib 4

Khib 1 - 4 chav kawm ntawv ntawm kev txaus ntshai yog txwv kom muab zais raws li cov neeg kawm ntawv raug. Qib 4 xwb muaj xws li cov khoom uas yog tsis muaj teeb meem rau cov ib puag ncig. Kho kev puas tsuaj los ntawm tej kev tsim txom yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv peb lub xyoos. Tshwj loj tsev neeg pov tseg, qhov no pab pawg neeg kuj muaj xws li kev tsim kho pov tseg: qhov seem ntawm cib, rubble, hlau, tawg iav, ntoo ruaj.

Qhov no hauv chav kawm ntawv muaj xws li, thiab oily cov khoom noj uas yuav tshwm sim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm qhov dej thiab teb kev loj hlob. Pov tseg ntawm pov tseg teeb meem chav kawm ntawv 4, nyob rau hauv particular cov nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog roj, yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev cai lij choj kev tswj cai.

qib 3

Qhov no teeb meem chav kawm ntawv yog muab rau cov khoom thiab cov ntaub ntawv hais tias ua mob ib puag ncig. Rov qab kav txog 10 xyoo. Qhov no hauv chav kawm ntawv tau txais rau kev tsim kho pov tseg, ntau lawm pov tseg nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov faulty khoom, roj hmab rays, roj rau txawv hom phiaj, acids thiab alkalis. qhov chaw ntawm cov pa phem nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog siv qhov chaw, xws li tsis tas siv qhov chaw, muaj nroj tsuag.

2 cov chav kawm ntawv

Tej pov tseg 1 - 4 chav kawm siv rau ib ntev lub sij hawm - tsawg kawg yog peb lub xyoos. High yuav raug yog muab rau cov khoom, cov khoom uas yuav mus rau lub thib ob chav kawm ntawv. Cov twj yuav tau hloov lub equilibrium ntawm lub ecosystem, thiab yuav coj tsawg kawg yog 30 xyoo rau lub restoration ntawm tus kab mob ib cheeb tsam. Yuav kom qhov no hauv chav kawm ntawv yuav cov khoom muaj teeb meem cov nroj tsuag, cov khoom uas tau lawm, lub tshuaj compositions - roj, alkalis, acids. qhov chaw ntawm kis kab mob yog cov muaj qhauj. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob chav kawm ntawv ntawm txaus ntshai thiab muaj xws li roj teeb, uas ua rau kom muaj teeb kev puas tsuaj rau cov ib puag ncig vim acid thiab kuab lom taug txhuas. Khib nyiab, raws li cov kev cai, yuav tsum tau tua nyob rau hauv ib saab thawv.

qib 1

Qhov no yog ib tug tsis tshua txaus ntshai teeb meem tshuaj, muaj cov uas nyob rau hauv cov xwm yuav ua tau kom tragic txim thiab kev puas tsuaj uas yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom zoo. Qhov no pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li muaj pov tseg. Galvanic hlwb, tus ntsuas kev kub, mercury teeb los yog fluorescent raws li nyob rau hauv ntau yam seev - tag nrho cov no pov tseg ntawm 1 chav kawm ntawv ntawm kev txaus ntshai. Daim ntawv no muaj xws li thawj ntawm tag nrho cov mercury-muaj yam khoom, vim hais tias cov molten hlau yog sai tso tawm rau hauv lub cheeb tsam thiab yuav ua tau rau kom muaj teeb meem mus rau lub ecosystem.

Yuav tsum muaj ntawm tus tsim hais tias tus thawj hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm pov tseg yuav tsum tau sau nyias los ntawm lwm yam khoom nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb ntim. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws yog tsim los ntawm galvanized hlau, txij thaum lub thoob khib nyiab tsis raug nchuav dua. Pov tseg ntawm pov tseg teeb meem chav kawm ntawv 1, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mercury thiab tej tshuaj thiab tshuaj tua kab yog nqa tawm tsuas nrog rau kev siv tshwj xeeb cov khoom. Cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej yog nqa tawm los ntawm txawv txoj kev: cementing, microwave zog los yog txuag kom tshwj xeeb landfills. Ib tug kev cai ntawm burning, piv txwv li, tsuas ntxiv paug cov ib puag ncig.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj li tsis muaj yam tseem ceeb?

Raws li peb tau hais tias, tus pov tseg 1 - 4 chav kawm ntawv ntawm kev ruaj yuav ua irreparable kev puas tsuaj rau cov ib puag ncig. Ib tug tshwj xeeb kev tswj system los mus tiv thaiv qhov no los ntawm tshwm sim, teem, tas cov nyiaj pab ntau tshaj rau cov txheej txheem pov tseg thiab mus txuas ntxiv siv nws. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau lub teb chaws, thiab nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv particular, tau txais cov kev cai, raws li uas pov tseg yuav tsum raug mus rau:

• recycling;
• ua;
• reused.

Txoj kev ntawm pov tseg: incineration

Phiaj 1 - 4 qib feem ntau nws ua los ntawm khaws cia los yog kub. Tus thawj txoj kev yog ib tug pa landfill, txawm li cas los, kom txo tau kev puas tsuaj rau qhov nws yog lub koom haum rau ib tug av nplaum av uas hardens txawv geosynthetics. Lawv ua hauj lwm - los mus tiv thaiv to ntawm tej tshuaj mus rau hauv ib puag ncig.

Incineration - yog tau txo lawv tus xov tooj nyob rau hauv landfills, tab sis txoj kev no yog txaus ntshai emissions ntawm teeb meem tshuaj. Yog hais tias koj xav tau kom txo tau cov kev puas tsuaj rau cov ib puag ncig, cov khoom yuav raug rhuav tshem nyob rau hauv incineration nroj tsuag, uas yog nruab nrog ib tug multi-theem cua purification system.

Nkim 1 - 4 chav kawm ntawv ntawm kev txaus ntshai uas yuav tsis tau siv thiab siv nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, uas yuav tsis raug hlawv yuav tsum raug coj mus faus. Thaum koj tsim repositories ntawm geological formations siv tso tsheb hlau luam - granite, basalt, gypsum, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yog tsim nyog los nco ntsoov tej yam kev mob.

1. Khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yuav tsum waterproof thiab dej-tau cov kabmob strata yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qab.
2. Nws yog yuav tsum tau rau deformation uas tej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm shear nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ntau yam.

Yog hais tias koj siv lub underground pov tseg ntawm pov tseg, ces nws yuav ua li cas nrog rau cov kev siv tshwj xeeb ntim.

Pov tseg ntawm tej khoom

Pov tseg ntawm pov tseg teeb meem chav kawm ntawv 1 - loj ntsuas. Piv txwv li, nws yog tsim nyog los khaws ntaub ntawv heev nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb underground tso tsheb hlau luam uas yuav tsum tau raws li siab yuav tsum.

1. Khib muab tso rau Tarah, uas yuav tsum tau los mus tiv txawv load - txhua yam poob siab currents.
2. Tso tshuaj tsim nyog deb ntawm xaim faiv fab.
3. Nws yog yuav tsum tau ua kevcai nco txog uas tsis muaj kub cia thiab desensitization los tiv thaiv lub pov tseg los ntawm cov tshuaj cov kev sib tshuam uas muaj cov seem yam.

Los yog ub?

Khib tswj yog nyuab tsuas yuav tau txheeb thiab cais sau. Tab sis nws yog lub feem ntau muaj kuab tshuaj rau qhov teeb meem. Muaj ntau pov tseg 1 - 3 chav kawm ntawv ntawm kev txaus ntshai heev haum rau rov qab siv lub. Peb yuav tau tham txog yas, roj teeb, sis plawv hniav nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov ntaub ntawv. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau loj nyiaj txiag kev nqis peev uas, uas ua tsis stint nyob rau hauv European lub teb chaws, tab sis nyob rau hauv Russia no txoj kev yog tsis siv raws li feem ntau raws li tsis yog txhua lub tuam txhab muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau cov txhais tau tias ntawm ntau lawm pov tseg pov tseg.

Yuav ua li cas nrog co toxins?

Tej pov tseg 1 - 4 chav kawm ntawv, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov co toxins, feem ntau neutralized los ntawm thermal txoj kev. Lawv muaj ib tug ntau.

• Kua-theem oxidation yog siv rau pov tseg ntawm pov tseg nyob rau hauv cov kua theem thiab precipitates uas yog nyob rau hauv lub wastewater. Cov kev yuav ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug tej yam kub thiab siab, yus negligible zog losses, tab sis thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem rau cov cua kub nto scum yog tsim, thiab qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb drawback.
• Ua kev catalysis. Nws yog siv thaum yuav tsum tau mus neutralize muaj pov tseg nyob rau hauv ib tug gaseous los yog kua theem.
• Pyrolysis, uas yog ib qho oxidizing los yog qhuav. Oxidative pyrolysis - yog lub thermal decomposition ntawm cov teeb meem tshuaj cov khoom, thaum lawv hlawv los yog, los yog nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov khoom ua los ntawm combustion ntawm cov roj. Cov qauv no yog zoo tagnrho rau cov sludge, yas, roj, roj impurities. Thaum qhuav pyrolysis khoom decompose thermally tab sis tsis muaj oxygen. Vim lub high efficiency thiab uas tsis yog-pov tseg, lub tshuab yog nyob rau hauv zoo kawg thov.
• Gasification - ib txoj kev ub. Qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv no yog hais tias tsim thaum lub sij hawm combustible gases yuav siv tau raws li cov roj, thiab cob - raws li ib tug tshuaj feedstock.
• Tsawg-kub ntshav. Cov txheej txheem no yog pab tau thaum uas koj xav mus pov tseg ntawm tshuaj lom pov tseg.

tshuaj khib

Yuav kom muaj xws li teeb meem tshuaj khib teeb meem chav kawm ntawv 1, daim ntawv teev cov uas muaj xws li magnesium sulfate, zinc tebchaw, phosphates. Feem ntau, cov twj yog generated raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub flotation txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm ntxiv ntawm cov zaub mov uas muaj amines. Yog hais tias qhov no hmoov av tau txais mus rau hauv lub cev, yuav muaj teeb meem nrog lub bronchi thiab cov hlab ntsha.

Cov teeb meem feem ntau muaj pov tseg, uas muaj mercury thiab nws cov tebchaw, mercuric chloride, antimony poov tshuaj cyanide. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg mam li nco dheev tshuaj lom los ntawm cov tshuaj, tag nrho lub paj hlwb, ob lub raum tej zaum yuav tsis yuav nyiam, raws li ib tug yuav tau txais - tuag. Uas yog vim li cas Khib Pov tseg (4 chav kawm ntawv ntawm kev ruaj xws li) - lub luag hauj lwm cov txheej txheem.

Vim li cas kuv xav tau ib tug passport?

Nkim tej chav kawm ntawv ntawm txaus ntshai yuav tsum tau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug passport, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Yog hais tias qhov no passport tsis yog, lub tuam txhab ntsib ib tug txiav txim zoo, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov kev ua ub tej zaum yuav raug tshem tawm. Qhov tseeb hais tias qhov uas tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv no yog xam tias yog raws li ib tug ua txhaum ntawm ib puag ncig ruaj ntseg ntawm cov ib puag ncig. Yog nqus tau ib tug passport yuav ib tug xov tooj ntawm theem - los ntawm cov lus nug ntawm nyiaj txiag kev ua cov kev tshawb fawb lub chaw soj nstuam thiab tshwj xeeb muab xam los ntawm pov tseg teeb meem hauv chav kawm ntawv.

tshawb pom

Recycling ntawm pov tseg - ib qhov teeb meem uas worries zaum ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no muaj ntau tshaj ib tiam. Teeb meem uas tsis tsim ib tug unified mus kom ze rau qhov kev lag luam khoom, Ntxiv tsis yog txhua lub teb chaws pom tau hais tias muaj khib nyiab yuav siv tau dua. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, muaj cov tshiab kiag li lawm, txoj kev thiab cov khoom uas tso cai rau tsawg kawg ib tug me ntsis los txhim kho hauv lub xeev ntawm niaj hnub ecosystems, tab sis cov tsis muaj nyiaj rau qhov kev siv ntawm tej yaam num tsim ib tug txaus ntshai rau tib neeg.