Keeb kwm ntawm Russia: "Deulino ntawv sib yeem lus"

Nyob rau hauv 1618, 1 (11) ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis, tom qab lub tsis muaj hmoo sij hawm ntawm qhov cov me nyuam no ntawm lub Tug coj Moscow, nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Deulin ntawm Russia thiab lub tebchaws no ntawv cog lus tau xaus lus. Qhov no kev sib haum xeeb treaty tsim bezvoenny lub sij hawm ntawm 14.5 xyoo. Qhov kev pom zoo los ua lub npe hu ua lub "Deulino sib yeem lus."

Cov phaum ntawm kev tsov kev rog

Teb, rau qhov pib ntawm Lavxias teb sab-Polish tsov rog ntawm 1609 yog suav hais tias. Thawj lub xyoo ntawm cov tub rog phiaj los nqis tes mas tsis tshua muaj kev vam meej rau lub Polish-Lithuanian pab tub rog. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1609 mus 1612 , lawv tau kov yeej thiab tsim lawv lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv loj qhov chaw ntawm thaj Russia. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no kuj muaj cov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm Smolensk fortress. Lavxias teb sab teeb meem no yog tsis tshua muaj neeg tsis ruaj tsis khov thaum lub sij hawm. Tom qab Vasiliy Shuysky twb overthrown, nws tuaj rau lub hwj chim ib tug provisional tsoom fwv, muaj raws ntawm reputable cov neeg sawv cev ntawm boyars. Nyob rau lawv lub cev, nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1610 nws kos npe rau ib daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab zwm txwv ntawm lub Polish tub huabtais Wladyslaw Vasa thiab cov kev taw qhia mus rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Moscow, lub Polish garrison. Txawm li cas los, cov kev pab them nqi twb tsis destined rau los muaj tseeb. Nyob rau hauv 1611-1612 xyoo nyob rau hauv Moscow, ib tug militia acting nrog ib tug sharply anti-Polish views. Cov rog tswj kom tshem tus thawj Polish-Lithuanian troops los ntawm ib ncig ntawm lub Moscow cheeb tsam, thiab nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1613-1614, thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm loj Lavxias teb sab lub zos.

Qhov thib ob los

Nyob rau hauv 1616 Vladislav hub nrog lub Lithuanian hetman Yanom Hodkevichem thiab dua npaj siab mus nyob lub Lavxias teb sab rooj huas tias. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias nws yog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb tau koom Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. Cov tub rog ua ke rog muaj hmoo: lawv muaj peev xwm tau dawb lub besieged Smolensk Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog thiab tsiv mus nyob rau lub teb chaws kom txog rau thaum Mozhaisk. Tom qab tau txais nyob rau hauv 1618 ib tug qhov cuab lub zog ntawm lub Ukrainian Cossacks, coj los ntawm Hetman Peter Sagaidachnogo Rzeczpospolita pab tub rog mus txog Moscow. Tom qab lub hai nres rau ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab capital ntawm cov Polish-Lithuanian pab tub rog retreats mus rau lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub Trinity-Sergius Monastery. Petr Sagaydachny nws tus txiv neej ncaim nyob rau hauv Kaluga cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv cov tej yam, Russia twb cia li dim Nwg ntxhuv sab lub sij hawm thiab kev tsov kev rog nyob rau hauv ob fronts, twb yuam kom kos npe rau ib thaj yeeb treaty nrog ib tug paub unfavorable tej yam kev mob.

Tus thawj theem ntawm xaus ntawm daim ntawv cog lus

Qhov chaw yog hais tias yuav pib cov kev sib khom dej Presnya. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv 1618, 21 (31) Lub kaum hli ntuj. Tus thawj lub rooj sib tham tsis tau coj tej kev tshwm sim. Ob tog hais lub siab tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau rau txhua lwm yam. Yog li, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Wladyslaw Vasa insisted on tus nrog paub txog nws xwb tsim nyog Lavxias teb sab Tsar thiab demanded nws txoj kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm Pskov, Novgorod thiab Tver av. Lavxias teb sab, nyob rau hauv lem, hais nyob rau hauv tam sim ntawd rov qab los ntawm tag nrho cov chaw thiab cov ntsoos ntsoos ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog los ntawm ib ncig ntawm Russia. Qhov thib ob lub rooj sib tham, uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau 23 Lub kaum hli ntuj (2 Kaum ib hlis) 1618 nyob ntau muaj kev vam meej. Lavxias teb sab sab demanded mus nrhiav kom tau ib tug nees nkaum xyoo ntawv sib yeem lus nyob rau hauv rov qab rau pom zoo rau cede Roslavl thiab Smolensk. Lub Polish sab tsis kam Wladyslaw Vasa thov kom lub Lavxias teb sab zwm txwv, tab sis yuav tsum tau muab Pskov av. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tebchaws no, hais rau cov rov qab los ntawm tag nrho cov yav tas los yeej lub Lithuanian chaw thiab tag nrho cov nyiaj rau cov kev siv nyiaj thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog.

thib ob txhais ceg

Tom qab mus rau Polish-Lithuanian pab tub rog nyob rau hauv lub koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Trinity-Sergius Monastery kev sib khom lus txuas ntxiv muaj lawm. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm uas nws ua si tiv thaiv ob tug mej zeej ntawm cov tub rog muaj teeb meem. Polish-Lithuanian pab tub rog tej zoo teeb meem nrog cov khoom noj los txias theem ntau thiab ntau cov teeb meem. Qhov kev cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj pab fueled ib tug general dissatisfaction nrog lub mercenaries, cov uas muaj twb xav tias yuav tawm hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm cov tub rog. Nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem, flourished extortion thiab looting lub zos nyob rau ib feem ntawm cov Polish-Lithuanian cov tub rog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txawv nyob rau hauv uas lub Cossacks. Lub protracted tsov kev rog thiab ib tug tsis tshua tej yam tsis zoo nyob rau hauv cov mus ob peb vas ntawm tus inhabitants ntawm Moscow, ib feem ntawm uas yog ib tug Polish huab tais. Cov neeg muaj nkees ntawm lub Tej thiab kev tsov kev rog. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov kev sib khom lus nws tau pom zoo nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv sib yeem lus. Tsis pom zoo cia li sawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev kis nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm lub tebchaws no, lub zos. Tsis tas li ntawd, ob tog neeg yuav tsis pom zoo rau qhov teeb meem ntawm cov sij hawm poob lub ntawv khi lus thiab cov titular chaw ua hauj lwm Mihaila Romanova thiab Wladyslaw Vasa. 20 (30) nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis 1618 nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm lub monastery kawm los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lavxias teb sab Embassy. peb hnub ntawm hais lus ua nyob rau hauv kos npe rau "Deulino sib yeem lus." Lavxias teb sab sab nyob rau hauv siab los ntawm lub Polish-Lithuanian tsoom fwv yuav tsum tau poob ib co ntawm lawv xav tau thiab concessions.

yooj yim tej yam kev mob

"Deulino ntawv sib yeem lus" nrog Poland twb teem rau ib lub sij hawm ntawm 14 xyoo thiab 6 lub hlis, namely los ntawm 25 Hlis ntuj nqeg 1619 nyob rau hauv 25 Lub rau hli ntuj 1633. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub tebchaws no, dhau: Smolensk, Roslavl, Dorogobuzh, Dawb, Serpeysk, Novgorod-Seversky, Trubchevsk, Chernihiv, Monastic, nrog rau cov uas lwm tus av. Zog ntawm Guj kuj rov qab raws li nram no lub zos: Vyazma, Kozelsk, Meshchovsk, Mosalsk es tsis txhob ntawm lub zos xws li Starodub, Pochep, Nevel, Liab, Sebezh, Popova Toj siab, nrog rau cov uas lwm tus av. "Deulino ntawv sib yeem lus" nrog Poland muab rau lub hloov lwm lub tsev teev nyob rau ntawd lub zos nrog zej zog rau 1619, 15 (25) ntawm Lub ob hlis ntuj. Ua ke nrog lub zos thiab lub pawg neeg thaj av kis cov pej xeem thiab cov cov khoom teejtug rau nws. Kom txog thaum lub tib hnub (1619, 15 (25) ntawm Lub ob hlis ntuj) ib ncig ntawm Russia yuav tsum tau tawm tag nrho cov Polish-Lithuanian thiab Ukrainian pab tub rog. Tsis tas li ntawd "Deulino ntawv sib yeem lus" muab rau cov kev pauv ntawm neeg raug kaw ua tsov ua rog. Nws tau raug tsa ua 15 (25) nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1619. "Deulino ntawv sib yeem lus" nrog rau cov rov qab mus rau Russia tsuas yog rau cov tub txawj tub ntse, ua nom ua tswv thiab tus xib hwb. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub ntawv khi lus daim ntawv cog lus, lub Lavxias teb sab Tsar tsis tau koom lub npe ntawm Livonia, Smolensk thiab Chernigov tswv xeev. Icon ntawm St .. Nicholas nyob rau hauv Mozhaisk yuav los ntawm lub Polish-Lithuanian pab tub rog, dhau Russia. Cov ntsiab lus uas qhov kev pom zoo num lub frontier av twb teem rau lub caij ntuj sov 1619. "Deulino ntawv sib yeem lus" muab txoj cai los free zog tsis pub dhau ib ncig ntawm lub signatory lub teb chaws, Lavxias teb sab thiab Polish-Lithuanian tub txawj tub ntse. Qhov kos yog lub nroog ntawm Krakow, Vilnius thiab Moscow. Vladislav Vase defended txoj cai yuav tsum tau hu ua nyob rau hauv lub official cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub Polish-Lithuanian State Lavxias teb sab tsar.

Lub keeb kwm tseem ceeb

Deulino ntawv khi lus nyob rau hauv 1618 - lub loj tshaj plaws kev ua tub rog thiab kev nom kev tswv kev vam meej ntawm lub tebchaws no, nyob rau hauv lub confrontation nrog Russia. Ib thaj tsam ntawm lub Polish-Lithuanian xeev txav deb li deb mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1616 mus 1622 ntawm lub tebchaws no, lub teb chaws mus txog rau nws keeb kwm siab (990 txhiab sq. Km). "Deulino ntawv sib yeem lus" rau formalize lub thov kom lub Lavxias teb sab zwm txwv los ntawm tus Vajntxwv ntawm Poland thiab Grand Duke ntawm Lithuania. Rau Russia, lub kos npe rau ntawm lub ntawv khi lus pom zoo, thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, zoo heev unattractive. Txawm li cas los, precisely vim hais tias ntawm lub cessation ntawm tsov rog nrog rau lub Polish-Lithuanian pab tub rog tuaj txog nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws yog yuav tsum tau tom qab lub Tej twj ywm. Ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, sau nws lub dag lub zog, Zog ntawm Guj kuj tau ua txhaum lub truce los ntawm launching lub Smolensk tsov rog. Cov tshwm sim ntawm nws yog tus ua kom tiav txoj kev ntawm lub zwm txwv Vladislav neeg pab leg ntaubntawv. Thaum kawg los nws hwv losses yuav tsuas Russia thaum lub sij hawm lub Lavxias teb sab-Polish tsov rog ntawm 1654-1667 xyoo.