Keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no

Tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm kev kawm ntawv thiab kev kawm cov hnub rov qab mus rau thaum pib ntawm kev vam meej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov ancient civilizations pib kev kawm thiab cov emergence ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv muab cov tsos ntawm kev sau ntawv. Tsim kom muaj cov kev kawm ntawv system yuav muab suav hais tias nyob rau hauv cov piv txwv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov keeb kwm nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt. Txawm tias thaum cov laus Kingdom pib tuaj rau ntawm lub palace ntawm vaj ntxwv lub thawj tsev kawm ntawv. Lawv twb tau tsim kom muab kev kawm rau builders, architects, cov kws kho mob thiab ua hauj lwm rau kawm mus heev tiag thiab, raws li ib tug txoj cai, zoo tib yam neeg mus tsis poob.

Nrog ntxiv kev loj hlob ntawm lub xeev keeb kwm ntawm lub rov tshwm sim ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv twb txuas ntxiv, muaj cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub koom txoos. Ntawm no qhia sau ntawv, qhov no hauj lwm thaum lub sij hawm yog nyob rau hauv zoo kawg thov. Tom qab ntawd, thaum lub loj lub xeev tsev muaj cov tsev kawm ntawv nyob qhov twg feem ntau kawm cov tub hluas muaj hnub nyoog 7 mus rau 16 xyoo. Lub ntsiab yam khoom raug kawm nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv, sau ntawv thiab Numeracy. Sau ntawv cov tub ntxhais kawm tau siv nyias reed wand thiab dub xim, thiab ib txoj kab tshiab pib nrog liab xim. Li no lub npe "txoj kab liab." Nws txoj kev kawm nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv cov me nyuam ua rau polished limestone phiaj, raws li kev sau ntawv nyob rau hauv papyrus yog kim heev. Daim Hlau ua los ntawm bordered nyob rau hauv kab los yog nyob rau hauv ib lub cell, nyob ntawm seb cov kev qhia txog qhov kev kawm. Lub tsev kawm ntawv cov keeb kwm no tseem fwm nyob rau hauv cov phau lineup thiab mus rau hauv lub cell.

Yog hais tias ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawv tau zoo kawg nkaus mastered kev txawj sau ntawv, nws yog tau tso cai rau sau rau ib tug me me scroll ntawm papyrus. Qhia tshwj xeeb uas xaiv rau kev sau ntawv phau ntawv, tus txheem ntawm uas pab ntxiv kev kawm rau yav tom ntej tshwj xeeb (lawv twb qhia, tej zaj nkauj thiab kev cai dab qhuas ntawv). Keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt, hais tias nyob rau hauv cov hnub ib tug ntau ntawm cov xim them rau cov creation ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv, lawv yog sau thiab khaws cia rau hauv lub ancient phau ntawv. Thaum archaeological excavations pom ib phau nrog ib tug daws ntawm ntau yam tswv yim teeb meem, xws li muab xam rau ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm rau qhov kev siv tej hauj lwm, lub ntsiab txhais ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau acreage thiab lwm tus neeg. Yav tom ntej ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Egypt tau muab cov hauj lwm ntawm memorizing kev cai dab qhuas ntawv, nyob ntau dua theem ntawm kev kawm ntawv sib kawm tswv yim science.

lub tsev kawm ntawv cov keeb kwm nyob rau hauv Egypt qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd rau tus tub ntxhais kawm, cov tub ntxhais kawm tau koom nyob rau hauv pas dej, gymnastic ce, kawm zoo tus cwj pwm zoo. Dua paub xa lawv cov me nyuam rau cov tub rog lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tub ntxhais kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv txuas mus rau lub tuam tsev kawm astronomy thiab cov tshuaj, tab sis tshwj xeeb xim twb muab rau kev cai dab qhuas kev kawm ntawv. Xws li ib tug txoj kev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, raws li cov keeb kwm ntawm lub rov tshwm sim ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv, tau raug cob qhia nyob rau hauv lwm yam ancient civilizations. Muaj ntau ntau cov lus tseeb ua tim khawv rau hauv chav kawm ntawv nrog rau cov me nyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub Babylonian kev vam meej, nyob rau hauv ancient Is Nrias teb thiab Tuam Tshoj, raws li zoo raws li tus civilization ntawm tus Maya thiab Aztecs.

Nws tseem nws kev loj hlob keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv raws li thaum ntxov raws li ancient Rome thiab tim Nkij teb chaws. Tom qab ntawd, lub tsev kawm ntawv tsis zoo li niaj hnub. Rau cov xib fwb muaj tsuas yog ib tus menyuam kawm ntawv, thiab muaj tsis muaj tsev kawm ntawv. Tom qab ntawd Greek philosophers thiab orators pib noj nyob rau hauv cov kev cob qhia me nyuam kawm ntawv twb tau ob peb nyeem lawv lectures rau ntau yam ntse yam. Los ntawm txoj kev, lo lus "lub tsev kawm ntawv" yog txhais los ntawm Greek raws li "kev ua si." Nws yog nthuav, tsis yog nws? Ib tug zoo-paub philosopher Plato tsim nws tus kheej lub tsev kawm ntawv me, uas nws hu ua lub Academy. Yog li ntawd raws li lub sij hawm dhau lub tsev kawm ntawv keeb kwm thiab nws thaum kawg los ua li cas peb tam sim no paub nws. Nyob rau hauv ancient Russia lo lus "lub tsev kawm ntawv" pib yuav tsum tau siv, pib los ntawm lub XIV xyoo pua, txawm hais tias twb nyob rau hauv lub XI xyoo pua muaj ib tug lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub palace ntawm tub huabtais Vladimir nyob rau hauv Kiev, thiab nyob rau hauv 1030 los ntawm Yaroslav Mudry nrhiav tau lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Novgorod. Nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm ntawv system nrog cov ancient xya mas kev kawm: cov peb lub ntsiab (qauv sau ntawv, rhetoric thiab dialectic) thiab koom haum pab (xam thiab geometry, astronomy thiab suab paj nruag). Thawj qhia tau Byzantine, thiab ces mus rau peb zaum.