Ionic daim ntawv cog lus

Tsim ntawm ib tug tshuaj daim ntawv cog lus yuav ib tug txheej txheem ntawm redistribution ntawm electron ceev, muas thaum chiv thawj koom txawv atoms. Vim lub fact tias cov electrons yog externally txuam nrog rau cov tub ntxhais tsawg check, thiab lawv ua tau ib tug yuav tsum muaj lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub compound. Cov nab npawb ntawm cov kev sib txuas, uas yog tsim los ntawm ib tug atom nyob rau hauv lub chaw tub rog, hu ua valence. Raws li, kev koom tes nrog rau hauv lub tsim ntawm electrons vim xa valence electrons. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub zog muaj atoms txawv stability. Qhov tseem ruaj khov yog ib tug uas nyob rau sab nraud theem muaj ob los yog yim electrons (qhov ntau tshaj). Qhov no theem yuav ces yuav xam tau tias yog tag nrho. Tej tiav lawm ntau cov yam ntxwv ntawm atoms muaj nyob rau hauv noble gases. Nyob rau hauv no kev twb kev txuas, nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam, lawv yog nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm monoatomic roj, sib inert.

Rau lwm atomic ntsiab yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsis tas ua ntau. Thaum ib tug tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim lwm thiaj tiav theem. Qhov no yog vim lub recoil electrons los yog txuas, raws li zoo raws li los ntawm txoj kev ua rau ntau chav. Yog li, tsim nyob rau covalent thiab ionic tsevneeg. Properties atoms nyob rau manifested nyob rau hauv Wisconsin quest lawv kom tau hluav taws xob stability lwm qhov tseem ceeb. Nws yuav tsum yog ib tug ob-electron, los yog vosmielektronnoy. Qhov no txoj cai yog suav tias yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm ib tug tshuaj daim ntawv cog lus.

Tsim ntawm lub compound tshwm sim, nrog los ntawm kev xaiv ntawm ib tug txaus loj npaum li cas ntawm lub zog. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, kev twb kev txuas tsim yog ua exothermically. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias muaj cov tshiab hais (molecules) uas nquag muaj ntau dua stability.

Electronegativity yog ib qho loj hais txog hais tias qhov xwm ntawm tus tawm kev sib txuas lus. Qhov no yam ntxwv yog manifested nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm los nyiam electrons ntawm atoms ntawm lwm yam atoms.

Lub electrostatic attraction ntawm lub ions - nws yog ionic tshuaj daim ntawv cog lus. Xws li ib tug sis yog tau ntawm atoms nrog txawv electronegativity sharply. Ionic daim ntawv cog lus ntaub ntawv coj ionic tebchaw. Lawv muaj xws li ib tug neeg molecules xwb nyob rau hauv lub vapor lub xeev. Ionic daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv lub tebchaw ntawm lub crystalline (khoom) lub xeev muaj reacting ions (positive thiab negative) txheej txheem tsis tu ncua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub lwg me me yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv.

Lub tebchaw uas yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm ionic daim ntawv cog lus, tsim ntsiab ntawm lub ntsiab pab pawg 1,2,6,7 pawg. Tej tebchaw no kuj ob peb. Cov no muaj xws li, piv txwv li, yuav tsum muaj xws li inorganic ntsev (NH4Cl), saltlike organic tshuaj (amines thiab lwm yam ntsev).

Nonpolar covalent thiab ionic daim ntawv cog lus no yog cov ob extremes ntawm lub tsev ntawm lub electron ceev. Rau cov thawj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tib yam tis hais (atoms) tsevneeg ob ntawm lub electron huab. Nyob rau hauv tib lub ntsiab lus teb, lub ionic electron huab belongs yuav luag tag nrho los ua ib tug ntawm cov atoms. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov reacting tebchaw yog nyob rau ntawm ib theem nrab. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lawv tsim ncov qaumteb qabteb covalent daim ntawv cog lus.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tshwm sim vim tus tsim ntawm electron officers muab qhia, yog covalent. Covalent daim ntawv cog lus nyob vim tus sis ntawm cov atoms nrog txawv electronegativity, nws yog suav tias yog cov ncov qaumteb qabteb. Lub electron ceev ntawm lub ua ke electron khub yog txav mus rau lub atom, uas eletkrootritsatelnost ntau. Raws li piv txwv molecules xws li H2S, NH3, H2O, thiab lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv cov tebchaw, cov tsos ntawm covalent (ncov qaumteb qabteb thiab nonpolar) kev sib txuas lus yog vim lub unpaired electrons khi atoms.