Howitzer "Hyacinth". Cannon "Hyacinth-B": kev specifications thiab cov duab

Kwv yees li 50-60-ies ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo, lub kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsoos cannon artillery nyob rau hauv lub USSR yuav luag nres. Ces, nyob rau hauv cov tub rog tej lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub prevailing saib hais tias lub neej yav tom ntej - rau rockets. Nyob rau hauv tej yam, developers ntawm cov pa riam phom yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm nyuaj rau hais tau lub teb chaws tus thawj coj ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau rau kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm no ceg ntawm cov tub rog cov khoom.

Qhov kawg straw yog qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv ib co "kub me ntsis" ntawm lub sij hawm, thaum lub qub Soviet howitzer yog heev npaum li cas tshaj qhov tseeb uas ntawm lub American gunsmiths. Nws nyob howitzer "Hyacinth" nyob rau hauv uas lub sij hawm. Nws creation cim pib ntawm ib tug tshiab era nyob rau hauv uas tus nqi ntawm cov classical cannon artillery twb tsis disputed. self-propelled units nrog tib lub npe tau tsim rau nws puag, uas hnub no yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Basic kev ntaub ntawv

Yog li ntawd hu ua Soviet lawm cab phom caliber uas yog 152 hli. Raws li, nws belongs rau cov qeb ntawm hnyav artillery. Cov txheej txheem no yog npaj rau suppress thiab ua kom tiav kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab infantry, artillery, armored tsheb thiab tshwj kom txhob tus yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj, raws li zoo raws li rau qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm fortified hais kom posts thiab cov cheeb tsam ntawm concentration ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rog.

Zoo li lwm yam zoo xws Soviet cov cuab yeej, howitzer "Hyacinth" yuav ntse siv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau ntawm cov huab cua thiab climatic tej yam kev mob. Tsis yuav unfounded, peb muab ib tug qhob piv txwv. Yog li, nyob rau hauv kev ntsuam xyuas nws tau qhia tau zoo thaum firing nyob rau hauv lub yam kev mob ambient kub ntawm -50 ° C rau +50 ° C. Qhov no cannon sawv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Armed Forces, raws li zoo raws li lwm lub teb chaws, yav tas los yog ib feem ntawm lub USSR. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub howitzer "Hyacinth" yog armed nrog lub Finnish pab tub rog.

Luv luv Keeb kwm Tom qab

Kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug tshiab hom riam phom pib nyob rau hauv 1968 nyob rau hauv Perm. ua ib tug tshiab phom, tus yam ntxwv uas yuav superior rau uas twb muaj lawm analogues rau hnub ntawd, ib tug yog ib tug ua hauj lwm rau developers los ntawm thaum pib. Los ntawm cov outset, nws twb launched tsim ntawm ob hom ntawm sib. thawj - cab howitzer "Hyacinth 2A36", lub thib ob - ib tug qauv 2A37. Qhov tseeb phom npaj rau mounting rau ib tug self-propelled artillery nrog ib tug zoo xws li cov npe.

Chiv, cov thawj ntawm cov designer raug tsa ib tug txawj ntse engineer YN Kalachnikov. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias thawj shooting phom kuaj tau qhia twb nyob rau hauv lub 1971-1972 xyoo. Los ntawm lub Soviet pab tub rog nws pib yuav tsum tau xa los ntawm 1976. Yog vim li cas yog xws li ib tug me me caliber phom rau "Hyacinth" raug xaiv? Howitzer 240 hli yuav zoo tshaj nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev sib ntaus los muaj hwj chim, uas yog tsuas yog rau cov kev thauj mus los ntawm xws li ib tug dab yuav tau mus tsim tshwj xeeb tsheb laij.

Yog vim li cas rau lub chaw

Txawm niaj hnub no, tus "obsolete" qauv 2A36 muaj zoo heev yam ntxwv uas ua rau howitzer formidable riam phom. Nws yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug zoo kawg sib ntaus los muaj hwj chim, siab muaj thiab kev cia siab. Nws muaj peev xwm yuav thauj tsis muaj teeb meem tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev tsheb nqaj hlau, cov hiav txwv thiab los ntawm huab cua. Yog hais tias rab phom "Hyacinth" siv los ntawm ib tug kev pab, nws yuav ntse siv nyob rau hauv txhua yam kev mob ntawm niaj hnub ua rog.

Rau cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv cov kev ntaus ntawv

Cov phom yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug lub rooj vag semiautomatic hom hydro-pneumatic recuperator, uas siv cov recoil lub zog ntawm lub thoob rov qab mus rau tus thawj txoj hauj lwm tom qab ua ib tug txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv. Yuav kom pab txhawb tuav ntawm hnyav mos txwv, muaj ib cov saw pub mechanism ntawm ob lub plhaub thiab expelling hmoov xwb (cais them zoo li).

Rau cov khoom ncaj qha los ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj ntawm bursts (piv txwv tias yog muab tso rau lub log) pallet yog siv nrog ib tug haib hydraulic nkaus. Cov phom qauv qhia ntsug kev taw qhia ob chav ceev mechanism. Ncaj qha cuab tam yog 152 hli caliber phom, qauv 2A36. Thaum lub muzzle nres tag nrho chim ntev ntawm 8197 hli.

kev sib ntaus los txiag

Nws ua ib rab phom "Hyacinth" nyob rau hauv lub carriage nrog peb txhawb mus rau dab tsi yog heev uas zoo sib xws rau cov 122-hli cab howitzer D-30. Ob tug ntawm peb txaj yog rooj noj, yog li ntawd lub txiag ntawm lub roj teeb txheej txheem struts yog tus yooj yim. By lub sij hawm no lub lag luam yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub xam npaj los ntawm tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ob los yog peb feeb. Txij li thaum lub phom hnyav yog tus me me (txog kaum tons), tus qauv pab tub rog tsheb laij teb yuav siv tau rau kev thauj mus los.

Yuav ua li cas hom kev kawm yuav siv tau rau cab?

Nco ntsoov hais tias rau lub hom phiaj no yuav tsum siv lub tsheb KrAZ-255, KrAZ-260 (6x6) los yog txheej txheem crawler tsheb laij teb AT-T, ATC, ATS-59 ATS, MT-T, uas yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab nrog luag tag nrho cov koom lub teb chaws Warsaw Pact. Interestingly, thaum lub carriage yog tau tso cai los ntawm txoj kev ntawm ib tug tsheb laij teb lub zog ceev mus rau 60 km / h. Qhov no "Hyacinth-B" piv favorably nrog rau lwm cov cab howitzers, sawv nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam ntawm peb lub teb chaws thiab NATO.

Countering tej yam

Kev pab nyob rau hauv ib tug carriage ntawm ib tug haib tshaj riam phom ua tau ua tsaug rau lub fact tias twb tau muab siv lub muzzle nres ntawm tshwj xeeb tsim, uas tso cai rau kwv yees li ob zaug qis rov qab. Yuav kom pab txhawb lub xam ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm, muab cov ntaus ntawv saw projectiles mov tsim. Thaum lub saum toj yog ib lub teeb tshuab khwb uas tiv thaiv cov neeg ua hauj los ntawm cov mos txwv thiab shrapnel. Raws li rau ballistic ua tau zoo, lawv yog zoo tib yam li rau lub howitzer ML-20.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias muaj kev tsim kho ntawm ib tug tiv thaiv ntaub thaiv npog designers muaj ib tug ntau ntawm mess thaum lub sij hawm. Lub fact tias cov thawj kuaj cov tub rog lom qhov kev txiav txim yog tsis tshua muaj zog muzzle. Nws tsuas tsis tsa ib tug huab ntawm hmoov av, tag unmasking tus yeeb ncuab, tab sis yuav ua rau raug mob loj muab xam. Ib txoj kev tshawb ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no, lub designers tswj los mus tsim ib tug kuj compact tab sis zoo li daim hlau thaiv, uas nyob rau hauv tej zaum nws yog tau withstand txawm lub tshuab rab phom tua artillery txoj hauj lwm.

underride mechanism

Raws li peb twb hais tias, nyob rau hauv lub tsim cov cuab yeej siv muzzle nres slotted hom. Tab sis nws yog tsis txaus rau cov leveling ntawm tus muaj zog tshaj recoil thaum firing ib tug 152-millimeter plhaub. Yuav kom tshem tawm tsis muab xam rau ntawm qhov kev raug mob thiab los txhim kho shooting raug, designers tau muab ib tug hydraulic nres thiab pneumatic recuperator.

Tsis zoo li lwm yam domestic howitzers, lub tom kawg yog lawm ua tus sau nrog nitrogen. Qhov no enables inert roj tua haib tej yam projectiles nrog ib tug ntau dua efficiency.

nta zoo li

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg uas tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov "Hyacinth-B" ntawm lub sij hawm tshwj xeeb txhaj tshuaj, nyias ua nyias-cov ntaub ntawv chaw thau khoom tau raug tsim. Nws twb kev cob cog rua nrog lub fact tias ua ib tug es txoj hauj lwm thiab tawv tej yam kev mob ua ntej designers. Lawv yuav tsum tau tsim ib tug riam phom, uas muaj txaus muaj thiab tsiv uas muaj kev sib ntaus los muaj hwj chim. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov phom yuav muaj mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj li peb los yog plaub tug neeg.

Yog li ntawd cia tus sau tag nrho cov hom ntawm tus neeg zoo li uas yuav siv tau "Hyacinth". Howitzer, uas cov duab no yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv, yub lub nram qab no ntawm cov mos txwv:

• VOF39 qauv. Standard txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv rau hauv lub tsim muaj xws li high-heev xwb RP-29. Cov yuag tag nrho yog 46 kilograms, ntawm uas 6,73 kg twb tshwj xeeb haib heev qib A-IX-2.
• Ntaus ZVOF86. Nws yog nthuav vim hais tias nws muaj ib tug qauv nyob rau hauv foob pob ua ntxaij-pab projectile RP-59 qauv, uas koj yuav confidently ntaus lub hom phiaj ntawm mus txog li 33,5 kilometers.
• tshwj xeeb nuclear foob pob ntawm tsis muaj peev xwm tau kuj tau tsim (0.1-2 kg). Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias thaum lub sij hawm ntawd cov munitions txwv los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov rooj sib txoos. Txawm li cas los, koj tseem yuav tau nco rau hauv siab hais tias tus howitzer "Hyacinth", uas pib ua tus yam ntxwv ntawm peb daim ntawv, muaj peev xwm tua cov munitions. Qhov no ua rau nws ib tug tsis tshua txaus ntshai ua tsov rog ntawm cov ntau yam ntawm lub raj artillery.
• Txhaj tshuaj daig kab hom 3O-13. Yuav nruab nrog fragmentation submunitions, thaum lub caij muaj pawg munitions, uas siv lawv tus kheej kev xav-lub hom phiaj submunitions. High kev sib ntaus los kawm tiav los ntawm kev siv uas niaj hnub lub hom phiaj sensors. Kuj nyuam qhuav tau tsim zoo li, uas yuav siv tau los ua kom muaj jammer cov teeb liab ntsais rov qab kho cov hom phiaj yeeb ncuab artillery.
• Muaj kuj yog ib tug anti-cumulative txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv (shooting tsuas ncaj qha hluav taws) thiab haus luam yeeb tej tawg hem.

kev sib ntaus los daim ntawv thov

Tswv yim lag luam nyob rau hauv Afghanistan tej yam kev mob pom tias ib feeb npaj thiab kawm lub xam yuav ua tau txog tsib los sis rau kev txhaj tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv kev, cov tub rog xyuas txog qhov no riam phom yog heev flattering: lub hwj chim thiab ib qho zoo heev ballistics ntawm projectiles yuav tau lees tias yuav ua kom puas yuav luag txhua tus yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv.

Nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv cov yam lub Gunners yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm nyuaj heev, raws li kev soj ntsuam lub hom phiaj twb yuav luag tsis, thiab changeable roob huab cua zoo heev complicates txawm ncaj qha hluav taws. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, "Hyacinth" tsim nyog peb paub txog kev tsov kev rog, vim nws siab ntseeg: txawm tias tom qab ob peb lub kaum os txhaj tshuaj raug rho tawm haujlwm nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov phom twb npaj txhij rau ntxiv tauj.

Nco ntsoov tias lub 152-hli howitzer "Hyacinth" heev nquag siv los ntawm peb cov tub rog nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si Chechen campaigns. Combat hwj chim ntawm no lub cuab tam ntau tshaj li ib zaug nws ib tug zoo kev pab cuam, vim nws muaj peev xwm yuav tau uas tsis muaj kev npaum li cas nyuaj ua kom puas rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub militants, txawm yog hais tias lawv twb tsau nyob rau hauv ib tug loj heev pob zeb ua vaj tse. Ob peb volleys ntawm ncaj qha hluav taws - thiab ntawm lub pillboxes tseem tsuas roob tsev rubble.

Qhov ntev phom

Cov phom muaj ib tug heev impressive qhov ntev: nws kav ntev npaum yog hais txog 13 meters nyob rau hauv lub stowed txoj hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv firing lub ntsuas no yog qhov me ntsis me me - txog 12.5 m qhov siab ntawm lub pob tw nyob rau hauv lub stowed txoj hauj lwm yog 2760 millimeters .. Hauv pem teb clearance biaxial chassis - 475 millimeters. Lub dav ntawm tus mob stroke - 2340 hli. Cov kab uas hla ntawm txhua tus ntawm cov plaub lub log yog 1080 millimeters, dav ntawm cov log tsheb - 300 millimeters.

Kev khiav hauj lwm siab nyob rau hauv lub log tsheb yuav tsum tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv 4.8 kg / cm² stroke springs yog kwv yees li 150 mm. Howitzer nyhav "Hyacinth-B" hais txog 9800 kilograms. Ntau ntau yam ntawm cov hluav taws high-heev zoo li yog 28.5 kilometers. Nyob deb li cas yuav tseem tua "Hyacinth"? Howitzer, firing ntau uas nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob nce mus txog 25-28 txhiab meters, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov kev siv uas niaj hnub rockets yuav hluav taws ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 41 kis lus mev.

Tag nrho cov no yuav qhia tau tias rab phom, uas pib los tsim nyob rau hauv lub 60-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, yog tseem yus muaj los ntawm ib tug impressive kawm nyob rau cov battlefield.

ib co kev hloov kho

High kev sib ntaus los lub hwj chim thiab hauj lwm zoo ntawm kev siv cov (self-propelled howitzer "Hyacinth" tau txais "genocide" npe menyuam yaus) contributed rau qhov tseeb uas muaj ntau yam qhauj nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union pib muab lawv tus kheej versions ntawm cov hloov ntawm xws li ib tug pab tau riam phom. Ib tug ntawm cov kev xaiv uas tau txais BR code. Cov tsab ntawv "K" qhia kartuzny hom loader. Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, qhov no ze twb yuav tsum: hauv lub xub ntiag nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov 152-millimeter projectile dag lub tes tsho ho tsub kom nws them tus nqi.

Nws twb tseem ua ib tug xov tooj ntawm 155-millimeter "Hyacinth", npaj rau export rau lub teb chaws uas siv artillery zoo li NATO txheem.