Goody - ib tug neeg siab phem li

Lo lus "hypocrite" - qhov no tuaj rau peb los ntawm lub Turkish lus remade lo lus «chadzy» (Haji). Lub npe ntawm cov "Khoja" honored ib tug txiv neej uas tau ua lub pilgrimage rau Mecca thiab Medina - lub nroog dawb huv rau tag nrho cov Muslims. Tom qab rov qab los ntawm ib tug ntev mus txawv tebchaws, cog lus los ntawm motives ntawm piety, lub pilgrim muaj txoj cai hnav ib tug dawb phuam - ib tug kos npe rau hais tias nws mus kev rau lub dawb huv Kaaba pob zeb. Txij li thaum cov neeg zoo li universally hwm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no Islamic, ntau xav mus sau npe kawm nyob rau hauv Hajji tsis nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau mus rau lub ntuj daim av, tab sis rau cov yawm, uas lawv yuav tsum mus da dej li rov qab compatriots.

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, lo lus "siab phem" yog ib tug tsis zoo nqi. Txij li thaum lub Turks hu ua cov neeg uas raug kuaj ntev piety, ib yam nkaus thiab moralizatorstvovat, peb qhia yuav ua li cas ua neej nyob, tab sis nws yog proving yuav deb heev muab tshem tawm los ntawm lub hom phiaj professed kev ntseeg. Neeg saib xyuas ntawm morality thiab tshwm sim tau libertines thiab pedophiles uas hais lus nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm huab rigor thiab Puritanism tau nyob rau hauv khoom kim heev thiab dhau heev lawm.

Tab sis lub Turks yog tsis yog thawj zaug mus nrhiav tau hais tias piety yog ib tug sham. Nyob rau hauv lub Moo Zoo, muaj ntau ntau zaj lus tim khawv ntawm cov neeg uas "ua txuj mus thov Vajtswv rau ib ntev lub sij hawm" los pom cov neeg, thiab cov neeg uas "pom nyob rau hauv nws cov neeg nyob ze lub qhov muag qhov nyuag hmoov ntoo, thiab nyob rau hauv nws lub qhov muag ntawm cov ntawv ceeb toom thiab cav." Xws "neeg siab phem" Iisus Hristos hu ua "cov Falixais" thiab tshaj tawm hais tias: "Woe rau koj!" Vim hais tias lawv ntxuav sab nraum, tab sis sab hauv yog tag nrho ntawm kev ntxub thiab kev phem kev qias. Tab sis cov "Falixais" - lub qub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus siab phem, kuj muas thaum chiv thawj yog tsis synonymous nrog cov neeg siab phem. Nws yog ib tug hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm tshwj xeeb devout, paub cov Torah thiab txoj Talmud, cov povthawj, "xib hwb". Lawv qhia hauv tej tsev sablaj, raws li zoo raws li cov Levi.

Nyob rau hauv lus Askiv neeg siab phem li - ib tug bigot, ib tug German - Scheinheiligkeit. Raws li koj tau pom, dab tsi los ntawm lub Turkish Hodja los yog tug Falixais. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub German lus yuav tsum havzoov hais txog ntawm kev cai dab qhuas cov neeg siab phem, tsis muaj tseeb kev dawb huv. Nyob rau hauv Russia rau ib ntev lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nrog cov "neeg siab phem li" siv lub sij hawm "pustosvyatstvo", tab sis tom qab nws tau los ua archaic, thiab peb paub yog vim li cas: lub hypocrisy tau mus dhau lub dav hlau ntawm kev ntseeg thiab tsiv mus rau qhov chaw ntawm kev ncaj ncees, tus cwj pwm zoo, nyob rau hauv ib lo lus, nyob rau hauv lub cheeb ntawm secular ethics.

Yog hais tias peb tsom xam txawj tej hauj lwm, qhov chaw uas muaj cov siab phem cim ( "Tartuffe" los ntawm Moliere, "Lub neej" Maupassant, "Hanzhushka" Kuprin, "nag xob nag" Ostrovsky thiab lwm yam tej hauj lwm ntawm tus tshiab era, peb pom tias neeg siab phem li - qhov no yog nej ib tug secular txiv neej, thov kom tau tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm lub purest ntawm Puritan morals thiab txheem ntawm morality thiab ethics.

Interestingly, nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob thiab lub American kev lig kev cai ntawm lo lus bigot yog inextricably txuam nrog kev ntxub ntxaug thiab tsis kam gay sib yuav. Yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv ib tug "politically tseeb haiv neeg" hloov lub sij hawm "neeg siab phem li": qhov no yog tus neeg uas yog foaming ntawm lub qhov ncauj yuav ua pov thawj hais tias nws tsis yog ib tug ntxub lwm haiv neeg thiab hwm cov cai ntawm cov gays thiab lesbians, thaum nws yuav theej tua nws tus ntxhais yeej tsis pub nws mus yuav dub los yog yuav ib tug hluas nkauj. American haiv neeg paub ntau rigorists uas tus thoob tswv yim rau cov uas ntawm "Lub Adventures ntawm Tom Sawyer" dawb paug tawm censorship hais lo lus "Negro" thiab ban cov kev ua si "Cov lag luam ntawm Venice" los ntawm Shakespeare, vim hais tias muaj tshwm sim politically tsis yog lo lus "Jew," thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb mus rau lub dub thiab cov Neeg Yudais nrog yuam cai thiab raug luag thuam.