Gannibal Ivan Abramovich: biography great-uncle Aleksandra Pushkina

Great-txiv ntxawm Aleksandra Pushkina Gannibal Ivan Abramovich yug nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm Estonia Manor Karyakyula. Nws tsis cia ntaub ntawv hais txog lub hnub nws yug los rau tam sim no. Peb tsuas paub tus xov tooj (12 Lub kaum hli ntuj rau ntawm qhov Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub), tab sis ib xyoos los ntawm biographers muaj teeb meem. Qhov no yog tog twg los lub 1735 th los yog 1736 th los yog 1737 th.

keeb kwm

Ivan yog tus hlob tus tub ntawm Anplahas Petrovich Hannibal - Tub rog Engineer thiab General-nyob rau hauv-Chief. Tus txiv neej no (ie, nws tus yawg koob) Aleksandr Pushkin nplooj siab tus tshiab "Tus Arap Petra lub Great."

Leej Txiv Ivan Abramovich yog tseeb zoo nrog cov huab tais. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv 1704, tom qab nws tau coj lub Lavxias teb sab ambassador nyob rau hauv Constantinople, Sava Raguzinsky. Anplahas yog tus tub ntawm ib tug neeg Asmeskas tub vaj ntxwv, uas yog ib tug vassal ntawm lub Turkish sultan. Ivan ua ib tug zoo kawg li hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws godfather yog nws tus kheej Peter I. Ua tsaug rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm nws tus txiv, Gannibal Ivan Abramovich yuav suav tau rau tsis muaj tsawg zoo nyob rau hauv high zej zog.

tsim

Raws li ib tug me nyuam, cov me nyuam tub kawm nyob rau St. Petersburg Tubrog nkoj artillery tsev kawm ntawv. Twb nyob rau ntawm no muaj hnub nyoog, nws yog tseeb hais tias nws lub neej yuav txuam nrog cov tub rog affairs. Ces Gannibal Ivan Abramovich kawm tiav los ntawm Marine Corps Gentry. Cov tub ceev xwm pib mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub naval artillery. Nyob rau hauv 1769, nws tau txais cov nyob qib tseyhmeystera.

Kom tshwm sim nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub tom ntej no Lavxias teb sab-Turkish tsov rog ntawm 1768-1774. Nyob rau hauv no phiaj los nqis tes, tus fleet ua si ib tug tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, peb txiav txim siab mus rau lub hiav txwv Aegean Baltic naval squadron, uas yuav tsum tau los pab cov Slavic neeg ntawm lub Balkans. Yog li pib lub Archipelago ntoj ke mus kawm, uas yog kawm los ntawm Abramovich thiab Ivan Hannibal. Lub neej txoj kev coj nws mus rau qhov loj tshaj plaws xeem, uas yog los mus txiav txim rau tag nrho cov yav tom ntej chav kawm ntawm ib txoj hauj lwm tub ceev xwm.

Thawj Archipelago ntoj ke mus kawm

Hiking nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv Aegean yog unprecedented. Gannibal Ivan Abramovich, zoo li nws lug txhawb cov miv, muaj tsis muaj kev paub ntawm xws loj-scale floats. Raws li qhov uas lub nkoj yog ib tug ob peb los nag. Breakage yuav tsum tau txhim kho rau cov mus. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, Hannibal yog ntau hmoo tshaj li ib co ntawm cov crews ntawm lwm yam ships. Piv txwv li, feem ntau haib nkoj "Svyatoslav" twb to, vim hais tias cov neeg uas nws yuav tsum tau rov qab mus rau Revel. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub squadron kev txom nyem los ntawm cov kab mob. Thaum tus ntoj ke mus txog Denmark, malaise tau ntaus txog 300 cov neeg. 50 sailors tuag zoo rau nws.

Zuag qhia tag nrho hais kom yog nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm Admiral Gregory Spiridova. Ivan Abramovich Hannibal yog ib tug ntawm cov neeg tub ceev xwm uas lub taub hau lub ntoj ke mus kawm rau cov sij hawm tuaj nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv Aegean twb mus haj yam tso siab tseem ceeb lub hom phiaj. Spiridov coj nws nrog nws thaum lub ships ua ke nrog tus neeg mob nyob rau hauv Denmark. Ib tug ntawm lub lag luam no nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1770 pib tsaws nyob rau hauv lub Peloponnese. Ivan Abramovich Hannibal tsis koom nyob rau hauv nws, npaj txhij kom rov hais dua ib yam dab tsi uas zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej.

Sib ntaus rau Navarino

Thaum uas feem ntau ntawm lub nkoj uas squadron teem rau shelling tseem ceeb fort Crown, Hannibal mus rau ntawm ntug dej nyob rau lwm yam sab ntawm lub Peloponnese. Nyob rau hauv nws hais kom ua tau cov nkoj tua rog "Peb Tsoom Haiv Neeg Ntseeg" thiab "San Gennaro" thiab frigate "Saint Nicholas." Qhov no detachment yog 300 cov neeg, thiab ib tug ob peb phom los ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm siege artillery. Cov ships mus kev rau lub Turkish fortress ntawm Navarino. Plaub Hlis Ntuj 10, 1770 pib lub siege.

Raws li lub hom phiaj, nyob rau hauv ob peb hnub, tus xov tooj 21, nyob ze ntawm lub phab ntsa ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tsaws Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog. Nws tau txib kom lawv tag nrho cov tib Brigadier naval artillery Ivan Abramovich Hannibal. Cov biography ntawm tus txiv neej no raws li cov tub rog yog zoo tshaj plaws paub yog qhov no zoo kawg nkaus rov. Navarino Bombardment ntawd kub ntev li rau hnub. Tom qab lub fortress twb npaum li cas los ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub cheev xwm. Troopers twb tau mus ntes ib tug ntau ntawm cov riam phom, phom, mortars thiab pua pua ntawm phaus ntawm gunpowder yeeb ncuab. Noj Navarino tso cai rau Lavxias teb sab Navy kom tau ib tug yooj yim bay, uas tsis muaj tsev nyob nws lub sij hawm puag.

Nyob rau hauv Chesme Bay

Lub Xya hli ntuj 5, 1770 Gannibal Ivan Abramovich (1736-1801) coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lwm tseem ceeb sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub tsov rog tawm tsam qaib ntxhw. Nyob rau Eve ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab rog sab ob peb Turkish ships anchored nyob rau hauv lub bay ntawm Cesme nyob rau sab hnub poob ntug dej hiav txwv Malaya Aziya opposite Chios. Hais kom txiav txim siab mus tua tus yeeb ncuab.

Ivan Hannibal tau muab neeg ua hauj lwm los npaj ib tug ob peb hluav taws-ships (ships, cov khoom ua si nrog explosives thiab cov tshuaj). Nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau tseem ceeb heev lub caij ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua cov hlab ntsha raug xa mus rau bay, teeming nrog yeeb ncuab frigates thiab galleys. Cov Turks tau txiav txim siab hais tias lawv yog mus Lavxias teb sab defectors. Qhov no yuam kev yog pub rau teem hluav taws kub mus rau lub tsev hais plaub thiab muab tso rau qhov fleet ntawm lub Ottoman Empire loj kev puas tsuaj. Lub sib ntaus sib tua twb yeej lawm, thiab Hannibal ua rau txoj kev vam meej ntawm no loj pab.

tsis ntev los no xyoo

Tom qab tsov rog, Ivan Hannibal los ua ib tug Major General. Nyob rau hauv 1778 nws tau txiav txim mus nrhiav kom tau ib tug tshiab Dub hiav txwv qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Kherson. Cov teg num tau koom rau cov heev Empress Catherine II. Ivan Abramovich coj cov creation ntawm tshwj xeeb pab pawg ntawm cov workmen, los tsim kom tau ib lub nroog los ntawm kev kos. Peb xyoos tom qab, nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis muaj ntau twb Wharf, ib tug fortress nrog ib tug garrison, barracks, tsev, arsenal, cam khwb lub tsev thiab thiaj li nyob. D. Cov chaw nres nkoj tau ua ib tug mus tas nres tsheb thaj tsam rau cov tub rog thiab ua lag luam ships. Hannibal tau ua ib tug ntau mus rau lub zos attracted tsis tau tsuas yog Lavxias teb sab colonialists, tab sis kuj cov Greeks thiab Italians.

Nyob rau hauv 1780, Ivan Abramovich tau txais ib tug loj daim av (10 txhiab daim av). Nws lub xeev thiab cov tub rog hauj lwm twb prematurely vim hais tias ntawm ib tug teeb meem nrog cov nyiam ntawm lub Empress Grigoriem Potemkinym. Nyob rau hauv 1784 Hannibal qib ntawm thawj general resigned. Tom qab ntawd, nws nyob rau hauv nws lub qub txeeg qub tes nyob ze St. Petersburg. Ib tug txheeb ze ntawm Aleksandra Pushkina tuag rau Lub kaum hli ntuj 12, 1801. Nws yog ib tug childless bachelor.