Furmanov Dmitriy Andreevich: biography, tej hauj lwm

Cov naas ej zaj duab xis raws li nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv, tso tawm 8 xyoo tom qab tus sau tus tuag. Nws ua ib tug lub npe ntawm ib tug naas ej txawj sau ntawv, thiab ces pab mus rau nws mention nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov zajlus. Los ntawm ib tug deb ntawm lub xyoo, nws yog feem ntau yog tsis xav thiab siab phem fighter rau lub embodiment ntawm lub tog tus kab, kuj backhand nyob rau hauv tsov ua rog, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Tsuas yog ib tug los ze zog saib yuav pom lwm yam kev seevcev ntawm tib neeg tus Fuhrman xeem. Dmitri A. nyob ib lub neej, txawv los ntawm txoj hmoo uas muaj ntau ntawm nws lub contemporaries meej los ntawm qhov kuaj ntawm lub vaj txiaj ntsim thiab zoo sib xws rau lawv qhov yuav tsum tau rau qhov kev xaiv nyob rau hauv ib tug phem era ntawm historic hloov.

pib

Nws yug los nyob rau hauv 1891 nyob rau hauv ib tug loj tsev neeg, nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Sereda Kostroma xeev. Nws txiv tuaj ntawm Yaroslavl peasants, tab sis yog nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej rusher. Thaum Dmitry yog 6 xyoo, tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Ivanovo-Voznesensk. Tsis ntev lub chaw nres tsheb qhib ib tavern uas los ntawm nws leej txiv - Andrey Semenovich Furmanov. Dmitry Andreyevich ces recalled hais tias ib puag ncig nws thaum yau puag ncig raws li ib tug neeg qaug cawv yis dej, uas yuav yooj yim tau ib abyss.

Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo Dmitry lub zos lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv 1903 nws txiv xa nws mus rau ib lub lag luam lub tsev kawm ntawv, thiab nyob rau hauv 1909-1912 nws nyob rau hauv Kineshma, qhov uas nws kawm nyob rau tom lub tsev kawm ntawv. Los ntawm thaum ntxov cov tub ntxhais hluas nws muaj ib tug cwj pwm, tej zaum, ua lub ntsiab ua rau ntawm tus kws Fuhrman xeem. Dmitri A. neej khaws cia ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws chaw muag mis nyuj, qhov uas nws kaw qhov kev paub ntawm kev nyeem ntawv, los ntawm cov neeg uas nws tau ntsib. Tom qab, xim nqe vaj lug kub los ntawm nws tau luam tawm thiab mas qhuas los ntawm critics rau qhov wealth ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab keeb kwm ntaub ntawv.

Tus thawj thwmsim

Cov ntawv xov xwm "Ivanovo ntawv" nyob rau hauv 1912, muaj ib tug paj huam nplooj siab rau tus xib fwb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Kineshma tsev kawm ntawv. Nws yog tus thawj ntawv, uas tau kos npe nyob rau hauv lub "Furmanov." Dmitry Andreyevich rau nws lub neej sau ib tug ntau ntawm cov paj huam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, tab sis tsis xav txog nws tus kheej ib tug kws sau paj lug.

Maj mam nws tau ua tawm Furmanova siab mus koom nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv ua hauj lwm. Qhov no muaj siab coj nws yuav tsum tau pauv mus rau kev cai lij choj kws qhia ntawv ntawm Moscow State University, qhov uas nws cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv 1912 nyob rau keeb kwm thiab Philology. Ntawm qhov pib ntawm thawj lub ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog yog ib tug kev tshwm sim uas tau ua rau ib tug teeb meem ntawm ob cov kev tshawb fawb. Pib ua tub rog biography Furmanov. Dmitry Andreyevich sau npe kawm chij nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob lub tsheb ciav hlau, thiab nyob rau hauv 1915 nws tau txais mus rau pem hauv ntej.

kev nom kev tswv tus kheej-kev txiav txim

Patriotic Romanticism Furmanova, zoo li ntau, tom qab paub hais tias lub ntsiab lus thiab qhov xwm ntawm tus tsov rog muab txoj kev mus chim siab. Nws yog kom meej meej pom nyob rau hauv lub chaw muag mis nyuj, lawv yog tag nrho ntawm hnyuj hnyo rau nws cov nplooj ntawv Furmanova paj huam. Dmitry Andreyevich overwhelms kev paub ua ntej looming txhob nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws txoj hmoo.

Tom qab demobilization, nws pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv Ivanovo-Voznesensk, nyob qhov twg, raws li thoob plaws hauv lub teb chaws, nce revolutionary tom tsim. Thaum twg, nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1917, nws sweeps tam sim ntawd tus autocracy ua ntej Furmanov tshwm sim yuav tsum tau mus xaiv cov ntau yam ntawm nom tswv currents.

Txoj kev mus rau Bolshevism

Ua ntej, nws pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv Cov Qib ntawm Socialist-Revolutionaries, thiab ces ua lub organizer ntawm cov pab pawg neeg maximalists. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias lub ntiaj teb tshiab peev xwm yuav ua tau tsuas yog los ntawm cov feem ntau drastic transformations uas tso cai rau kev siv ntawm coercive ntsuas tawm tsam cov neeg uas cling rau cov qub txoj kev ntawm lub neej. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv koom Furmanov kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Council of Cov neeg ua haujlwm 'Deputies.

Lub apotheosis heev revolutionary views rau nws yog tus rov tshwm sim ntawm lub nroog lub koom haum ntawm anarchists, uas nws cov thawj coj yuav Furmanov. Dmitry Andreyevich, uas nws biography yuav tau txais kev txuam nrog rau Bolshevik tog, thaum kawg txiav txim siab tom qab lub rooj sib tham thiab kev sib koom tes ntawm Mikhail Frunze, kov yeej nws lub xeem anarchist illusions.

Nyob rau hauv 1919 nws raug xa mus nrog ib tug detachment Frunze rau pem hauv ntej, qhov twg nws tsa tsoom fwv ntawm lub 25 Division.

Chapaev

Thaum sau ntawv nws nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm - "Chapaev", sau nyob rau hauv 1923, nws siv nws hmoov, uas nws ho tsis nres tag nrho lub sij hawm nws tau siv nyob rau hauv Chapayev Division. Cov phau ntawv yog heev txawv los ntawm tus naas ej zaj duab xis txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv rau cov motives ntawm nws nyob rau hauv 1934. Lub ua ke ntawm hnyav realism ntawm lub narrative thiab romantic kwvyees embodied nrog ib tug amazing tawm kev rau ib tug hluas txawj sau ntawv, qhuas cov txawj nyeem ntawv thiab tus loj tshaj masters ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Gorky wrote nyob rau hauv ib tsab ntawv mus Furmanov originality ntawm tus sau lub tswv yim thiab kev cog qoob loo nyob rau hauv nws lub neej.

Tub rog Furmanova hmoo muab nws rau ntau yam fronts ntawm lub civil tsov rog. Cov rog xav txog ntawm nws - novels thiab cov dab neeg cim loj tshwm sim ntawm Soviet ntaub ntawv 20s. Tshiab "Rebellion" (1925) yog nplooj siab mus rau cov hluav ntawm lub kulak revolt nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan, tus tshiab "liab Team" (1921) piav txog lub cim dej tua nyob rau hauv lub tsheb ntawm tus dawb troops nyob rau hauv lub Kuban.

Commissioner tuag

Tom qab tsov rog, cov txawj sau ntawv tau active nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv thiab kev ua si. Nws tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm, nws ntseeg hais tias kev sib ntaus rau ib tug tshiab ideology ntawm Soviet ntaub ntawv, txawm hais tias nws tau txais hnyav thuam rau opportunistic sprains los ntawm RAPP - sau ntawv 'koom haum, qhia huab sab laug-tis views.

Nws yog sim mus nrhiav tus tshiab ntxhais nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm uas tsis muaj feem xyuam rau cov txheej xwm ntawm lub Civil War. Nws post-tsov rog xwb - tsab ntawv "Seashores" series (1925), nplooj siab mus rau lub dawm mus rau sab qab teb ntawm Russia, lub Caucasian ntug dej hiav txwv thiab nyob rau hauv Crimea. Nws yog ib menyuam los ntawm Gorky. Furmanov ua hauj lwm nyuaj journalism, sau phau ntawv tawm suab.

Nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv ntawm lub chaw muag mis nyuj ntawm sau khoom uas nws twb mus siv sau tshiab phau ntawv. Tab sis nws intentions tshuav unfulfilled thaum ntxov absurd tuag. Qhov ua rau ntawm nws txoj kev tuag twb hu ua lub meningitis, tus mob caj pas, uas nws tsis tau them nyiaj mloog.

Muaj ntau ntaus cov lus, uas nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1926, cov ntaub ntawv: Lub peb hlis ntuj 15, tom qab ib tug luv luv tab sis mob hnyav uas tau arisen tom qab qhov teeb meem ntawm kev mob ua npaws, Dmitriy Andreevich Furmanov tuag nyob rau hauv Moscow. Cov khoom uas muaj nyob tom qab cov xov xwm no, twb tag nrho ntawm sincere khuv xim txog rau hauv thaum ntxov tuag ntawm tus txawj sau ntawv. Ua li cas nws muaj kev tswj kom ua li cas, nws muab kev cia siab rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm cov phau ntawv tshiab los yeej zoo.