Feem ntau cov duab tawm tswv yim thiab hom ntawm tus tawm tswv yim

Txhua tus ntawm peb, ib txoj kev los sis lwm, kev nyuaj siab nrog cov dluab. Cia saib cov nqe lus nug ntawm qhov kev nkag siab ntawm no lub sij hawm yog dog dig nrug. Tom qab tag nrho cov duab tawm tswv tsis yog lub graphics (dluab, cov duab, animation, tas lauv, etc.), tab sis kuj video. Nyias nyob rau cov ntaub ntawv hloov dua siab tshiab tej teeb meem, raws li zoo raws li lub cia ntawm ib tug yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov duab tawm tswv?

Cov ntaub ntawv no yog muab cia rau hauv ib cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog tsim los rau cov ntaub ntawv visualization (tso saib nws nyob rau hauv playback ntaus ntawv xws li ib tug saib, TV, tshuab luam ntawv, mobile pab kiag li lawm, thiab lwm yam).

Raws li rau lub feem ntau cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, rau qhov cov tshuab nws qhia txog cov qauv txoj kev, txoj kev ntawm kev tsim ib daim zoo li qub los yog dynamic duab, nws loj (tsis yuav tsum tau meej pem nrog qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv), tus xov tooj thiab qhov tob ntawm cov xim thiab ntxoov, thiab hais txog.

Lub tswvyim ntawm vector thiab raster graphics

Ua ntej, xav txog dab tsi cov duab tawm tswv yog siv heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem kev nkag siab ntawm graphics. Nws yuav tsum tau ib tug ntshiab qho uas txawv ntawm vector thiab bitmap graphics. Cov ob hom yog puag.

Vector graphics tso cai rau visualization ntawm tus kwv raws li nyob rau hauv cov zauv piav qhia ntawm lub teeb ntawm sau ua ib pawg hais tias ua li tus duab, uas yog hu ua primitives. Cov no yog cov yooj yim cov ntsiab paub rau tag nrho cov tseem nyob rau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Qhov no cov ntsiab lus, cov kab, curves, voj voog, uas, etc.

Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm no mus kom ze yog tus muaj peev xwm los mus piav txog nyob rau hauv ib tug zauv qauv ntawm ib tug arbitrarily loj tus naj npawb ntawm ib tug neeg hais tsis muaj ho ua qhov loj ntawm lub kawg cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ib tug heev pronounced scalability uas tso cai rau koj yuav hloov lub luaj li cas ntawm txhua tus neeg lub caij los yog ib tug ua tiav set tsis muaj tus tsis zoo ntawm cov duab. Tej uas yuav piav txog algorithm haum mas rau graphics tsim manually, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib co graphics editor. Rau cov duab ntawm cov qauv no yog tsis muaj feem xyuam.

Raster graphics yuav siv ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb daim phiaj muaj lub khoom (pixels) ntawm cov xim txawv, hu ua pixels. Ntawm no, cov duab zoo yog txiav txim los ntawm lub mesh loj (ntau pixels nyob rau hauv ntev thiab dav, los yog lawv tag nrho kev ua tau zoo, qhov zoo qhov duab), tus xov tooj ntawm cov xim thiab lawv tob, lub applied xim gamut (xim qhov chaw) thiab ib tug daws teeb meem (tus naj npawb ntawm pixels ib chav tsev cheeb tsam). Yog li, qhov no txoj kev muaj peev xwm lis khoom ntawm tej complexity thiab nug tus tib du zaus los ntawm ib tug xim mus rau lwm lub, uas yog tsis tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub vector teeb. Tsis tau yooj yim duab feem ntau muaj ib tug heev loj cov ntaub ntawv qhov loj thiab cov tseem leej scaling yog txo mus rau luag xoom.

Feem ntau hom duab dluab

Tam sim no saib koj tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv tawm tswv ntawm cov dluab uas yog siv nyob rau hauv computer technology ntau.

BMP - nyuaj variant, raws li nyob rau hauv lub RGB xim tswvyim (liab, ntsuab, xiav) thiab muaj ib tug ncaj tsis muaj zog compression algorithm tsis poob nyob rau hauv zoo. Cov kev pab cuam nws yog tsis muaj, txawm cov ntaub ntawv yog heev loj.

JPG (JPEG) - feem ntau hom ntawv siv feem ntau rau lub khw cov duab. Compression yog qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis zoo tsis yog loj heev. Tom qab ib tug muaj zog contraction restore cov ntaub ntawv tsis tau yuav, tab sis yog tias koj txo nws, qhov sib txawv yog tsis yog hnov, tab sis lub cov ntaub ntawv loj yuav muaj ntau yam me me thiab.

PNG - ib qho ntawm feem nthuav tawm tswv yim, uas yuav tsum tau compressed tsis muaj tsis zoo. Animation tsis txhawb hom ntawv no (tib yam li yav dhau los ob tug), tab sis thaum uas siv cov thiaj li hu ua alpha channel rau txhua pixel, koj yuav qhia txog qib uas transparency, uas ua rau nws ib tug me ntsis zoo ib yam li cov nram qab no hom ntawm graphics.

GIF - hom ntawv uas txhawb animation thiab muaj zog compression algorithms tsis poob zoo. Nws lub ntsiab kom zoo dua yog hais tias koj muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug series ntawm cov dluab nrog ib tug cyclical repetition los yog hloov ntawm ib leeg. Txawm tias cov uas qaug zog tob ntawm cov xim, mas siv rau "nyob" wallpaper, animated smileys thiab avatars.

TIFF - ib tug hom ntawv uas yog feem ntau siv los ntawm kev web designers vim lub fact tias nws muaj ib tug high xim tob (192 khoom). Compression yog ua tsis muaj ib tug poob, tab sis mus ua hauj lwm nrog hom ntawv no tsis muaj tshwj xeeb kev cob qhia yog heev yooj yim. Browsers duab ntawm no hom suab tsis pab.

ICO - hom ntawv rau cov icon creation vim hais tias nws tso cai rau kev siv ntawm heev me me qhov ntev drawings. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov qauv, nws yog dog dig reminiscent ntawm BMP, txawm li cas los, txaus siab los ntawm GIF thiab PNG hom transparency xaiv.

EPS - hom nyob rau hauv ob hom: vector thiab raster graphics. Mas siv nyob rau hauv publishing los yog creation ntawm fonts yog ntxiv yuav siv cov duab tso zis pab kiag li lawm PostScript.

PICT - Macintosh yog lub feem ntau hom ntawv. Nws versatility lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias ib tug tib duab cov ntaub ntawv yuav muaj vector thiab bitmap graphics, suab, muaj tej xim tob, thiab kuj siv ib tug hnyav txoj kev RLE-compression.

PCX - hom cia raster dluab nrog ib tug xim tob ntawm 24 khoom. Compression yog heev ceev, tab sis tsis haum rau cov transformation ntawm ncauj lus kom ntxaws graphics, xws li duab.

RAW - universal hom siv rau dluab los ncaj qha los ntawm cov koob yees duab. Hais txog nws ces peb yuav hais tias qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws daim duab hom. Nws yuav pab raws li ib tug raw khoom nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntawm tsis tsuas yog dluab tab sis kuj lub suab. Tsis tas li ntawd, pab meta-cov ntaub ntawv nws muab ntau yam zoo rau daim ntawv thov kev thiab compression algorithms lossless los yog lossy txhua qib. Hom heev meej thiab yuav tsum tau ib co txuj ci thaum ua hauj lwm nrog nws.

Tawm tswv yim tshwj xeeb graphics ntaub ntawv editor

Dhau li ntawm tus txheem hom peev xwm yuav txawv nyias graphics hom siv nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb editors.

PDF - ib hom uas yuav muaj cov ntawv nyeem thiab cov duab cov ntaub ntawv. Tsim li Adobe. Qhov no hom yuav siv los ntawm ntau yam compression hom kev kawm rau txhua lub caij uas muaj nyob hauv lub hom phiaj cov ntaub ntawv. Niaj hnub no, nws yog ib tug universal mas rau kev cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv tshuab hluav taws xob daim ntawv.

CDR - vector hom duab editor Corel kos. Txheej txheem nws yog tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv no software pob. Lwm yam editors yog tsis txaus siab, tab sis yog yooj yim exported rau lwm tawm tswv yim.

AI - cov hom ntawm cov kev pab cuam tsev av tuav, kev txhawb los ntawm lwm cov neeg kho. Lub ntsiab feature - lub siab tshaj plaws duab stability thiab tag nrho compatibility nrog PostScript technology. Nws yuav siv tau raws li ib nrab hom ntawv rau ib tug hloov lwm lub tsev ntawm ib tug mus rau lwm lub.

PSD - qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov hom duab software pob Adobe Photoshop rau editing txoj intermediate dluab. Tso cai rau kev siv khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thiab nws hom, tab sis muaj ntau dua kev daws teeb meem piv rau lwm yam tawm tswv yim. Raws li qhov kawg hom ntawv rau txuag cov ntaub ntawv no yog siv heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam.

Loj hom

Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov kev ntawm cov loj-hom dluab, qhov chaw uas koj xav kom coj mus rau hauv tus account lub siab nthuav dav, koj yuav tsum siv RAW, TIFF los yog PSD.

Txawm li cas los, muaj ntau yam kev yees duab thiab video koob yees duab, muaj arrays ntawm 20-25 M, muaj lawv tus kheej cov qauv. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog yoog mus rau feem ntau cov hom ntawm tawm tswv yim. Txhua yam nyob rau lub tej chaw ntawm lub koob yees duab nws tus kheej. Tib yam siv rau mobile pab kiag li lawm.

Lub ntsiab yam ntawm video thiab animations

Tam sim no luv luv nyob rau hauv cov kev yees duab, vim hais tias nws, dhau lawm, muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv tej kev txiav txim yuav txhais raws li ib tug duab, los yog ib tug es set ntawm alternating dluab (ntas). Ntawm no, cov kev txiav txim zoo tshaj yuav yog tus xov tooj ntawm cov thav ntawv ib ob (fps) thiab daim duab loj nyob rau hauv pixels.

Chiv, thaum kaj ntug ntawm cov kev yees duab, nws yog ib tug zoo-paub AVI hom ntawv, uas yog siv, thiab kom deb li deb, vim hais tias nws yog ib yam ntawm cov thawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav los yog compressed sib txawv kiag li txoj kev (codecs). Mus ua si yuav tsum tau ib tug tshwj xeeb decoder.

Ib me ntsis tom qab ntawd muaj tau tej zoo-paub tawm tswv yim, xws li WMV, MPG, MKV, MP4, VOB, TS, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg, lub tom kawg yuav muab suav hais tias txawm raws li ib tug high-kev daws teeb meem cov dluab ntawm TV tawm tswv yim, uas tso cai rau ua si cov ntaub ntawv nrog HD zoo qauv, Full HD (2 k) los yog Ultra HD (4 k).

Raws li rau cov animation, tam sim no nto moo tshaj plaws yog lub eeb technology. Chiv, nws yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Macromedia, Inc. tab sis, ces nws twb yuav los ntawm tsev av thiab ho kho. Cov hom ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv - SWF. Nws yog siv mas rau tsim me me animations, computer animations, banners los yog unpretentious ua si.

mobile tshuab

Yog hais tias peb tham txog mobile systems (smartphones thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj raws li nyob rau hauv, iOS no, Blackberry, thiab lwm yam), cov tshwj xeeb duab tawm tswv yim no tsis tshua muaj heev. Yeej, tus qauv duab tawm tswv yim thiab computer graphics, thiab video. Txawm li cas los, tsis muaj txheej codecs thiab decoders ntawm ib co hom yeeb yaj duab tsis tau ua si. Nws yog yog li ntawd tsim nyog kom daws tau qhov teeb meem ntawm converting lub raw khoom rau hauv ib tug txawv hom.

Piv txwv li, cov pa xov tooj tsuas txais 3GP hom. Hauv los iOS no pom zoo kom siv MP4. Tab sis raws li ib tug tag nrho lacks kev xaiv.

Hloov cov yooj yim tsis muaj dluab

Tej zaum tag nrho cov zoo paub hais tias editing yuav tsum tau ua nrog tshwj xeeb cov kev pab cuam.

Basic khiav hauj lwm rau resizing, rog xav txog, tig, Skew, thiab lwm tus neeg yuav ua tau txawm nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau txheej thaum ub Xim editor, uas muaj tej yam "OSes» lub qhov rais.

Yog hais tias, txawm li cas los, yuav tsum tau ntau kauj ruam, piv txwv li, hloov cov xim, saturation, zoo, editing, khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, phua rau hauv cov duab mus rau hauv nyias muaj nyias ib yam, thiab hais txog, koj yuav tau siv ib tug kws pob zoo li tus saum toj no raws li Corel kos los yog tsev av Photoshop.

Video editing nws muaj nws nqi hluav taws xob, piv txwv li, Vegas Pro. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus txheem nta, lawv muaj peev xwm thov tshwj xeeb los, thiab simulation systems uas tso cai rau hloov lwm lub tsev mus rau ib tug pre-ua zauv qauv ntawm ib tug tiag tiag daim duab ntawm lub hom tau yees duab sib ntaus sib tua Morpheus thiab Neo nyob rau hauv thawj ib feem ntawm "Lub Matrix."

hom Conversion

Transformation (hloov dua siab tshiab) yog tsim los ntawm txhais tau tias ntawm cov cuab yeej hu ua converters. Ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb cov neeg sawv cev - Xilisoft Video Converter, uas muaj peev xwm hloov thiab graphics, thiab video.

Rau graphics koj yuav xaiv, piv txwv li, ACDSee Ashampoo Photo Commander, Dawb duab Hloov Thiab Resize los yog ib yam dab tsi lwm tus. Niaj hnub no, xws cov kev pab cuam muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau heev npaum li cas.

Qhov tshaj plaws xwb koj yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog los yog qhov kawg hom ntawv thiab tau tsis zoo (cov duab compression hom). Thaum saib ib daim duab los yog video rau koj lub xov tooj los yog ntsiav tshuaj, nws yuav tsis ua li ntawd, hnov, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub TV vaj huam sib luag yuav tsum muaj ib tug heev hnov qhov txawv.

Yuav ua li cas hom ntawv xav kom khaws cov ntaub ntawv?

Diam duab nyob rau hauv lub computer yuav tsum muab cia rau hauv lub universal JPG-hom. Thaum koj saib lawv nyob rau ib saib ib tug tshwj xeeb clarity uas yuav tsum tau. Lwm yam, thaum twg koj xav sau cov duab. Ntawm no nws yog zoo dua siv lub thawj hom koob yees duab.

Thaum txhais lus ib hom ntawv mus rau lwm lub los lub "qhov code" no tej zaum kuj tsuas tsis yooj yim sua, li ntawd, muab cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lub studio, lawv pib tsos yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov. Qhov kos yog hais tias koj muaj qhov tsim nyog paub thiab tsim kho kom raug koj tus kheej siv kev software.

Cov tib mus rau video. Nws tag nrho cov nyob rau yuav ua li cas nws yuav tsum tau saib rau hauv tej dais.

xaus

Duab tawm tswv yim ntau ntau thiab ntau yam, nws yuav ua tau graphics, thiab video. Cov tsab xov xwm soj ntsuam qhov nrov tshaj plaws tawm tswv yim. Cov lus nug kom lawv ua thiab pom, cov kev xaiv ntawm software, cov hom siv los khaws cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam, txhua tus neeg txiav txim siab nws tus kheej.