Empiricism thiab rationalism nyob rau hauv niaj hnub philosophy

Lub era ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm thawj bourgeois kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv ces thiab lub Netherlands, raws li zoo raws li radical hloov nyob rau hauv ntau yam spheres ntawm lub neej ntawm haiv neeg: nom ua tswv, kev khwv nyiaj txiag, kev sib raug zoo kev sib raug zoo thiab nco ntsoov. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, tag nrho cov no yuav tsum tau reflected nyob rau hauv lub philosophical xav.

Empiricism thiab rationalism: mus nkag tau rau txoj kev loj hlob

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm science nyob rau hauv niaj hnub lub sij hawm tau txiav txim los ntawm raug ntau lawm, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua lag luam, navigation thiab cov tub rog affairs. Ces tus zoo tagnrho neeg tau pom enterprising tub txawj tub ntse thiab inquisitive tus paub txog. Advanced European lub teb chaws, siv zog rau economic thiab cov tub rog zoo tshaj plaws, khaws cia science: tsim ntawm scientific academies, lub sawm fem, clubs.

Yog li ntawd, qhov kev kawm ntawm niaj hnub lub sij hawm zoo li, thiab tsim - ces tuaj algebra, analytic geometry, cov me nyuam yaus ntawm ib thiab differential calculus, etc. Tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb ua ke rau hauv ib txoj kev -. Seb Lej. Ua tus qauv yog tus mechanics uas kawm lub zog ntawm lub cev thiab ua si muaj ib tug yawm methodological tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm, philosophical views ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th.

Lub philosophy yog khi rau lub social av, tsis tsuas yog lub ntuj sciences, tab sis kuj nrog kev pab los ntawm kev cai dab qhuas worldview, lub xeev ideology. Applied zaum thiab mus rau lub divine omnipotence, thiab cov "ntiaj teb no yog vim li cas" thiab mus rau lub "thawj impulse". Thiab tus piv ntawm idealism thiab materialism, atheism thiab theism - yog tsis yog ib tug tawv xaiv - "tog twg los, los yog nws ..." Tus philosophers pom zoo naturalistic lub zeem muag ntawm lub ntiaj teb no mus rau lub hav zoov ntawm cov thiaj li hu ua transcendental cwm pwm. Yog li, lub tswvyim ntawm "ob txog tej kev tseeb" (lub ntuj thiab saum ntuj los) nyob rau hauv niaj hnub lub sij hawm, thiab tsoo nrog ib tug ua pauj pib lub controversy tshaj seb uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm yeej muaj tseeb kev txawj ntse - kev, los yog txoj kev ntse? Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, ib tug tshiab lub tswv yim raws li nyob rau hauv cov tswv yim ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib qho kev sim txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thiab nws tus kheej-muaj nqis ntawm lub hlwb.

Empiricism thiab rationalism: lub ntsiab txhais ntawm pawg

Rationalism - qhov no yog xws li ib tug philosophical tswvyim, los ntawm cov uas yog meant tias lub hauv paus thiab hav zoov, thiab cov kev txawj ntse - nws yog lub hlwb.

Empiricism - nws yog xws li ib tug philosophical tswvyim, uas txhais tau tias lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho cov kev txawj ntse yog kev. Ntawm UFW ntawm qhov no ntseeg tau hais tias lub siab twb tsis muaj lub hwj chim, thiab lub hwj chim - tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev txawj ntse, paub kev. Peb differentiate nruab nrab ntawm ib tug idealistic empiricism, qhov twg cov kev yog hais raws li ib tug txheej ntawm cov tswv yim thiab ncus, thiab materialistic, qhov twg ib qhov chaw piav thoob hlo kev yog coj sab nraum lub ntiaj teb no.

Empiricism thiab rationalism: lub ntsiab cov neeg sawv cev

Mas cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov rationalists yog: Plato, Socrates, Epicurus, Democritus, Kant, Descartes, Spinoza, Npalu, Leibniz. Empirical worldview txhawb Frensis Bekon, Dzhon Dyui, Thomas Hobbes, Dzhon Lokk.

Empiricism thiab rationalism nyob rau hauv lub philosophy ntawm niaj hnub lub sij hawm: lub teeb meem

Cov feem ntau nyuaj rau ob leeg philosophical tswv yim yog qhov teeb meem ntawm lub qhov thiab keeb kwm ntawm uas tsis yog-sensuous Cheebtsam nco qab - ntawm cov tswv yim thiab kev piav qhia rau qhov tseeb ntawm lawv undeniable muaj nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm kev txawj ntse.

Yuav ua li cas los daws kom tau qhov teeb meem no proponents ntawm cov tswv yim xws li rationalism thiab empiricism? Tus thawj tig mus rau tus qhia ntawm yog dab tsi xam qhovkev thaj chaw ntawm peb nco qab peb muaj. Feem ntau ntawm nws uas tsis yog-sensuous ntsiab muaj, raws li lawv lub tswv yim, thiab mam li los ntawm lub zog ntawm cov tib neeg lub siab. Nws yog raws li yog hais tias muaj raws li ywj siab lub ntiaj teb no thiab yuav ua thiab tsim tsis muaj kev siv rau tus sab nraud lub ntiaj teb no. Yog li, nws yog ua tau kom muaj ib qho txaus paub txog kev muaj tiag, thiab cov tej yam kev mob rau nws cov tsos - yog tus muaj peev xwm mus rau extract thiab cov txheej txheem siv logic ib leeg tag nrho cov tswv yim thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm sab nraum lub ntiaj teb no.

Lus xaus li empirical tshawb xav diametrically opposed to rationalism. Yog li ntawd, muaj tus paub txog cov kev kawm, nws qhov chaw - ib tug nov ntawm nqaij tawv, thiab cov - lub ua cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas xa tsis totaub. Vim li cas, raws li empiricism, ntawm chav kawm, yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv kev ncus, tab sis mus rau kev paub no tsis ntxiv dab tsi tshiab.