Dutch painting. Dutch Golden muaj hnub nyoog painting. Paintings los ntawm Dutch ntxias

Hais txog qhov kev Dutch los yog Flemish paintings paub txawm los ntawm cov neeg uas tsis zoo versed nyob rau hauv cov kos duab. Tab sis rau ntau yam, nws yog tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ib tug Rembrandt portraits. Meanwhile, nws yog tshwj xeeb heev, tsim nyog ntawm ntau ncauj lus kom ntxaws tshawb txog ntawm cheeb tsam ntawm European kab lis kev cai, uas qhia cov yus lub neej ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub Netherlands thaum lub sij hawm.

Cov zaj dab neeg ntawm

Koj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kos duab pib tshwm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua. Fabkis txoj kev coj noj coj muab lawv ib lub npe - "me me Dutch", uas tsis yog hais txog mus rau lub scale ntawm txuj ci thiab nruab nrab yog ib qho Symptoms rau tej tswv yim ntawm lub neej txhua hnub, qhov fab ntxeev ntawm "loj" style nrog loj canvases rau keeb kwm los yog mythological kawm. Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub rov tshwm sim ntawm Dutch painting twb piav nyob rau hauv kom meej nyob rau hauv lub puas tawm xyoo, thiab tus sau phau ntawv ntawm nws tej hauj lwm kuj siv tau qhov no lub sij hawm. "Me me Dutchmen" distinguished secular realism thov mus rau lub ntiaj teb sab nraum, thiab cov neeg tau siv art, nplua nuj tones.

milestones

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub rov tshwm sim ntawm Dutch painting yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv ob peb lub sij hawm. Tus thawj ntawd kub ntev li ntawm txog 1620 rau 1630 xyoo thaum lub teb chaws kos duab yog realism pom zoo. Qhov thib ob lub sij hawm ntawm Dutch painting twb mus los ntawm nyob rau hauv 1640-1660 gg. Qhov no lub sij hawm, uas tso nyiaj rau ib tug tiag tiag flowering ntawm lub zos kos duab lub tsev kawm ntawv. Thaum kawg, peb lub sij hawm, lub sij hawm thaum lub Dutch painting pib tsis kam - los ntawm 1670 mus txog thaum xyoo pua.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias cov kev cai zov me nyuam thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no hloov. Nyob rau hauv thawj lub sij hawm, ua ntxias ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Haarlem, thiab lub ntsiab tus neeg sawv cev yog cov Khalsa. Ces, qhov chaw tsiv mus rau Amsterdam, qhov twg tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm nqa tawm los ntawm Rembrandt thiab Vermeer.

Scenes ntawm lub neej txhua hnub

Qhia cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws lwm yam ntawm Dutch painting, nco ntsoov mus pib nrog tus neeg - lub feem ntau ci ntsa iab thiab thawj nyob rau hauv keeb kwm. Nws Flemings qhib lub ntiaj teb no scenes ntawm lub neej txhua hnub ntawm neeg zoo tib yam, peasants thiab cov pej xeem los yog burghers. Tho pib Ostade thiab nws cov thwjtim Audenrogge, Bega thiab Dyusart. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov paintings ntawm Ostade neeg ua si phaib, sib cav sib ceg thiab txawm sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv ib tug tavern. Txhua daim duab ntseg ib dynamic, dog dig brutal cim. Dutch painting ntawm cov sij hawm thiab qhia txog lub tiaj scene: ib co ntawm cov ua hauj lwm ntawm peasants tham ntawm lub raj thiab ib khob ntawm npias, siv lub sij hawm nyob rau tim fair los yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg. Cawv ntawm Rembrandt tau coj mus rau lub thoob plaws siv cov mos mos golden teeb thiab ntxoov ntxoo. Huv scenes tshwm sim los ntawm kev ntxias xws li Hals, Leyster, Molenaar thiab Codd. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua masters portrayed cov kws kho mob, zaum nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem, lawv tus kheej kev cob qhia, nyias muaj nyias haujlwm nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev los yog kev sib raug zoo cov txheej xwm. Txhua zaj dabneeg yog entertaining, tej zaum grotesque didactic. Ib txhia masters tau tended poeticize lub neej txhua hnub, piv txwv li, Terborch depicting scenes ntawm cov suab paj nruag-txiav txim siab, los yog sib tawb thiaj. Metsu siv qaim xim, tig lub txhua hnub rau hauv ib lub nyiaj so koobtsheej, thiab de Hooch twb inspired los ntawm simplicity ntawm tsev neeg lub neej, sau nyob rau hauv diffuse daylight. Tom qab, tus neeg sawv cev ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem, uas muaj xws li xws Dutch painters li Van ua dawb Werf thiab Aert van ua dawb Neer, nyob rau hauv nws hu rau tsim elegant dluab yog feem ntau ntau ambitious kawm.

Xwm thiab ua hauj lwm

Tsis tas li ntawd, Dutch painting lug sawv cev nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem toj roob hauv pes. Nws yog thawj tug yug nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm tej masters ntawm Haarlem li van Goyen, de Moleyn thiab van Ruisdael. Lawv pib mus depict nyob deb nroog ces kaum nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam silvery lub teeb. Material kev sib sau ntawm cov xwm tuaj tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lub fore. Peb kuj yuav tsum hais seascapes. Seascape yog cov Dutch painters ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th raws li Porsellis, de Vlieger thiab Van tsib Capelle. Lawv tsis tsuas yog nrhiav kev tej marine scenes, muaj coob tus tau sim qhia cov dej nws tus kheej, cov kev ua si ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv nws, thiab nyob rau hauv lub ntuj.

Los ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua, ib hom ntawv nyeem muaj ntau lub siab lub ntsws ua hauj lwm nrog philosophical tswv yim. Maximum qhia cov kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov Dutch toj roob hauv pes Jan van Ruisdael portray nws nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov yeeb yam, puab thiab monumentality. Successor ntawm nws cov kev cai tau los ua ib tug hobby, preferring tshav ntuj ua hauj lwm. Koninck xwm lauj kaub thiab van ua dawb Hep muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov creation thiab kis tau tus mob ntawm hmo ntuj scenery hlis, cov xibfwb thiab sunset. Rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm ntxias thiab ua hauj lwm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov duab nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj, xws li nyuj thiab nees grazing, raws li zoo raws li kev yos hav zoov scenes thiab nrog cavalry. Tom qab ntawd, ntxias pib tau muab kev koom tes thiab qhov xwm ntawm lub teb chaws - Nkoj Van Lahr, Weenix, Berchem thiab Hackert depicting Ltalis, da dej nyob rau hauv lub rays ntawm lub hnub. Ib tug tho kev nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm lub nroog toj roob hauv pes los ua Sanredam, zoo dua cov thwjtim uas yuav tsum tau hu ua kwv tij Berkheyde thiab Yana Van ua dawb Heijden.

duab interiors

Ib tug cais ib hom ntawv nyeem, uas txawv Dutch painting nyob rau hauv nws cov heyday, scenes yuav muab hu ua ib lub tsev teev ntuj, palace thiab tsev neeg chaw. Lub interiors tau nyob rau hauv lub paintings ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua masters Delft - Haukgesta, van ua dawb Vliet thiab de Witte, uas tau los ua tus thawj neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kev taw qhia. Siv cov cuab yeej ntawm Vermeer, painters xwm scenes bathed nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso lub teeb, tag nrho ntawm tig tau thiab tau.

Picturesque tais diav thiab cov tais diav

Thaum kawg, lwm cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm Dutch painting - tseem lub neej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog noj tshais duab. thawj lub sij hawm lawv tsis harlemtsy thiab Klas Heda, uas pleev xim rau cov ntxhuav them nrog khoom kim heev tableware. Lub picturesque teeb meem no thiab tshwj xeeb kis tau tus mob cozy sab hauv uas muaj cov nyiaj-grey teeb, yam ntxwv ntawm cov nyiaj thiab pewter. Utrecht ntxias kos lush paj tseem lifes, thiab nyob rau hauv particular lub Hague masters tswj duab ntawm cov ntses thiab cov tubrog nkoj reptiles. Nyob rau hauv Leiden muaj ib tug philosophical sib ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem, nyob rau hauv uas cov cim ntawm sensual Library thiab hauv ntiajteb no hwjchim ci ntsa iab coexist pob txha taub hau thiab hourglass, tsim los zoo li lub transience ntawm lub sij hawm. Nqis chav tsev mov tseem lub neej los ua tus txwm Art tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Rotterdam.