Culture thiab kev vam meej nyob rau hauv tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob

Qhov ratio ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab kev vam meej yog ib tug theej nyuab teeb meem. Ib txhia philosophers ntseeg tias lawv yog yuav luag synonymous, tab sis kuj loj pab peeb zeej tuaj ntawm cov neeg uas bred cov lus thiab xav txog lawv antagonistic. Xav txog tus nqi nws tus kheej thiab lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov lo lus. "Culture" muaj nyob rau hauv ancient Rome thiab Ameslikas sawv hauv kev sau qoob ntawm thaj av. Lub etymology ntawm lub sij hawm "civilization" los ntawm lub Latin "civis" (uas txhais tau tias ib lub nroog dweller, pej xeem). Nyob rau hauv cov tswvyim no implies ib tug tej theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm pej xeem kev sib raug zoo (kev cai, pej xeem infrastructure), lub neej (public vaj tse, kev, dej, lwm yam), kev lis kev cai thiab kos duab (ethics thiab tsim kom zoo nkauj).

Raws li peb tau pom, nyob rau hauv ib tes nrog Loos kab lis kev cai (nyob rau hauv nws cov tam sim no lub ntsiab lus) nyob rau hauv qhov ntau lub sij hawm "civilization", thiab nyob rau lwm yam - nws raws li ib yam dab tsi piv nyob deb nroog thiab nroog siab phem, enlightened thiab refined. Txawm li cas los, peb yuav twv yuav raug hu hais tias nyob rau kaj ntug ntawm tib neeg, ob cov phenomena twb tsis antonymous. Tom qab tag nrho, peb hais tib yam "kab lis kev cai ntawm ancient civilizations", implying tias ib tug organic fusion ntawm hauj kev kho thiab mythology, kos duab thiab science ntawm ib tug neeg nyob rau ib theem ntawm kev kawm.

Tus txiv neej tsis hloov mus rau sab nraum lub ntiaj teb no, thiab nrhiav kev los hloov nws. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav confidently hais tias kab lis kev cai thiab kev vam meej yog ib tug manifestation ntawm cov hnyav txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg lub neej, uas yog ib lub txim ntawm kev kawm. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, cov neeg ua kom to taub cov kev cai uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm, thiab siv lawv kom tau ntxiv wealth rau nws lub neej. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, nws nws to taub nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no mus nrhiav tau cov poob kev sib raug zoo, kom to taub lub hom phiaj ntawm nws lub neej.

Ua ntej tus tshiab era kab lis kev cai thiab kev vam meej yog tsis txwv, tiam sis daws reinforcing. Cov kev cai ntawm qhov to taub raws li tsim los ntawm Vajtswv (los yog gods) cov qauv thiab yog li tus kheej ntawm sab ntsuj plig koom tham nrog rau cov khoom ntiaj teb no. Vajtswv lub creation - txiv neej - los tsim kom tau ib tug cov xwm sib txawv, uas kuj tau koom nyob rau hauv lub vaj xilethi-aus kev sib raug zoo, txawm hais tias nws yog manifested nyob rau hauv xws seemingly mundane tej yam xws li ib tug dej zeb, ib tug khais rau sib sib zog nqus plowing thiab bank txais.

Txawm li cas los, nrog rau thaum pib ntawm lub era ntawm hauj tswvyim ntawm "kab lis kev cai" thiab "kev vam meej" yog pib rau diverge. Pawg ntau lawm los tawm lub rooj sib txoos kab dehumanizes lawv cov khoom, txav deb ntawm lawv creator - craftsman. Tus txiv neej nres mus muab koj lub siab mus rau hauv tej yam, thiab lawv pib mus rau tus thawj nws. Ob yam no tswv yim tau ua antagonistic, thiab, Ntxiv, muaj ib tug ersatz, "Centaur" ob phenomena - zam.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub essence ntawm qhov teeb meem, nyob rau hauv uas muaj cov kab lis kev cai thiab kev vam meej? Tus thawj ua hauj lwm nyob mus ib txhis tseem ceeb (classic yeej tsis tawm ntawm hnub), thiab lub thib ob los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias hluav taws xob gadgets ua outdated, lawv yog hloov los ntawm lwm yam, ntau tshaj. Niaj hnub nimno science yog pragmatic (mas tau nyiaj txiag tsuas yog cov lag luam uas coj tangible dividends), whereas lub achievements ntawm tus ntsuj plig tsis yeej ib txwm them tau tus nqi. Art, ntaub ntawv, kev ntseeg yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub achievements ntawm yav dhau los epochs, thaum txhua theem yog lub theem tom ntej ntawm kev kawm tau yog feem ntau nws tus kheej-txaus.