Cov me nyuam Mayakovsky, lawv txoj hmoo

Vladimir Mayakovsky, nto moo tsis tsuas rau nws ci ntsa iab poetic txuj ci, tab sis kuj yog ib tug haib charisma, uas ib zaug tsoo ntau poj niam lub siab lub ntsws. Ib tug ntau ntawm romance novels thiab yam uas koj nyiam ob tshuav lawv tus cim nyob rau hauv cov verses ntawm tus kws sau paj lug, thiab muab yug mus rau tiag tiag cov txiv neej. Cov me nyuam Mayakovsky - qhov no yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab teeb meem rau kev soj ntsuam biography ntawm lub kws sau paj lug. Leej twg yog cov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm tus poj ntse heev futurist? Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam cov me nyuam Mayakovsky, yuav ua li cas lawv txoj hmoo?

Tej lub neej ntawm lub kws sau paj lug

Vladimir Mayakovsky yog heev charming, ntse thiab zoo nraug tus txiv neej. Ua ntej nws tho, ntaus txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm lub ob lub qhov muag yuav tsis tau thaum nws yuav luag txhua tug poj niam. Yog li ntawd nws yog ib txwm puag ncig los ntawm ib tug tib neeg coob ntawm cov kiv cua, thiab nws yooj yim cuam nws tus kheej mus rau hauv lub hiav txwv ntawm kev hlub thiab kev mob siab rau. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias tshwj xeeb sov siab thiab kev hlub twb khi nrog Lily Brik, tab sis nws tsis yog tag nyob rau hauv nws tej yam txaus siab rau lwm tus poj niam. Yog li ntawd, romance nrog Elizavetoy Lavinskoy thiab Elizavetoy Zibert (Elli Dzhons) tau ua kev lom zem ntau fateful rau lub kws sau paj lug, yeej ib txwm nyob ib niche ntawm nws nco thiab txojsia.

lo lus nug cuab yeej cuab tam

Cov me nyuam Mayakovsky, lawv txoj hmoo - lo lus nug no tau nce tshwj xeeb sharply tom qab lub kws sau paj lug tuag. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, paj huam, memoirs ntawm contemporaries, hmoov, tsiaj ntawv, documentary cov ntaub ntawv yog zoo heev rau lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, tab sis nyob deb tseem ceeb tshaj lo lus nug ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv thiab cuab yeej cuab tam.

Txuas ntxiv nyob nco thiab keeb kwm ntawm qhov ci ntsa iab futurist uas yog cov me nyuam Mayakovsky, shrouded nyob rau hauv mysteries, xav phem cais tsis thiab inaccuracies. Lilia Brik yuav tsis muaj cov me nyuam. Txawm li cas los, soj ntsuam ntawm yog 99% ntseeg hais tias lub qub txeeg qub teg ntawm lub kws sau paj lug tsawg kawg yog ob tug. Thiab lawv tuaj los ntawm ob tug sib txawv cov poj niam nyob rau hauv txawv continents. Qhov no tus tub Gleb-Nikita Lavinsky thiab tus ntxhais Patricia Thompson.

Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv tsis yog tsis qhia tawm, thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm lawv cov dab neeg xwb ze cov neeg paub yug. Tam sim no cov me nyuam ntawm Mayakovsky (duab thiab cov ntaub ntawv lawv muab cia rau hauv tsev cia puav pheej archives) - nws yog ib daim ntawv qhia qhov tseeb tiag.

tus tub

Thaum ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub "qhov rais ntawm kev loj hlob" (1920) Vladimir Mayakovsky tau ntsib nrog tus artist Lily (Elizabeth) Lavinskaya. Thiab txawm hais tias thaum lub sij hawm nws yog ib tug sib yuav poj niam, uas tsis tau tso tseg nws, kom nws zoo siab heev zoo nraug thiab charismatic kws sau paj lug. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo yog nkawd tus tub uas tau txais lub ob lub npe Gleb-Nikita. Nws yug los lub yim hli ntuj 21, 1921 thiab twb kaw nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub npe Antona Lavinskogo, official niam tus txiv. Tus tub Gleb, Nikita tau yeej ib txwm paub uas nws leej txiv. Ntxiv mus, dua li cov tsis muaj kev fatherly xim (me nyuam Vladimira Mayakovskogo tsis tau, nws txawm ntshai tsam lawv), nws tsaug hlub kws sau paj lug, thiab los ntawm ib tug hluas hnub nyoog twb nyeem nws cov kwv huam.

lub neej

Nikita lub neej-Hleb tsis yog ib tug yooj yim ib. Tus tub niam thiab txiv tseem ciaj sia txog li peb lub xyoo loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug menyuam ntsuag. Rau cov kev views qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov chaw rau me nyuam yaus thiab qhia lawv mus rau lub pab pawg. Hais txog txiv Gleb Nikita-fwm me ntsis puas. Ntau tom qab ntawd nws yuav qhia rau nws tus niam tus ntxhais Elizabeth rau ib tug ntawm lub rooj sib tham, thaum Mayakovsky muab nws rau nws lub xub pwg nyom, tau mus rau lub sam thiaj thiab nyeem nws nws kwv huam.

Mayakovsky tus tub muaj ib tug zoo artistic saj thiab ib tug meej pob ntseg rau lub suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv 20 xyoo Gleb, Nikita tau raug hu mus rau pem hauv ntej. Tag nrho cov Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, nws yog ib tug dog dig tub rog. Tom qab ntawd nws tau sib yuav rau cov thawj lub sij hawm.

Tom qab winning nyob rau hauv 1945 tus tub ntawm Mayakovsky nkag mus hauv lub Surikov lub koom haum thiab los ua ib tug zoo-paub sculptor. Qhov loj tshaj thiab distinguished nws ua hauj lwm - ib tug monument Ivanu Susaninu nyob rau hauv Kostroma (1967).

Gleb-Nikita Lavinskii tuag rau hli ntuj 14, 1986.

Cov kev zoo sib thooj nrog nws txiv

Nyob rau hauv 1965, qhov kev ntawm lub sculptor Gleb-Nikita Lavinsky mus xyuas phau ntawv E. Guskov. Nws twb ntaus los ntawm lub resemblance ntawm ib tug txiv neej nrog Vladimir Mayakovsky, nws sib sib zog nqus, lub suab, yam ntawm reciting paj huam raws li tus kws sau paj lug rau nws tus kheej.

Leej Tub uas tsis yog-haiv neeg leej txiv Anton Lavinsky yeej ib txwm tau ib tug nyob ceeb toom ntawm lub fascination thiab cov ntxeev siab rau nws tus poj niam. Tej zaum, yog li ntawd, tus txiv tshiab thiab stepson kev sib raug zoo yog zoo nkauj txias. Tab sis kev phooj ywg nrog Mayakovsky yog, on qhov tsis tooj, ib tug kuj ceeb tias sov thiab muaj zog. Tsev Neeg archives khaws cia ntau duab ua tim khawv rau qhov no.

Cov American subsidiary

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1920s nyob rau hauv lub sib raug zoo ntawm Mayakovsky thiab Liliey Brik muaj ib tug tshaj dhau hloov, thiab xwb tus nom tswv qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb tsis yooj yim rau cov revolutionary kws sau paj lug. Qhov no yog vim li cas rau nws mus rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, qhov chaw uas nws toured feem, mus xyuas ib tug phooj ywg Davida Burlyuka. Muaj nws tau ntsib ib tug Lavxias teb sab neeg txawv teb chaws Elli Dzhons (lub npe tiag tiag - Elizabeth Siebert). Nws tau ib tug txhim khu kev qha cov phooj ywg, ib tug charming khub thiab tus neeg txhais lus rau nws nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv teb chaws lub teb chaws.

Qhov no tshiab los ua tseem ceeb heev rau cov kws sau paj lug. Nws txawm tiag xav tau sib yuav, tsim ib tug twj ywm tsev neeg chaw nres nkoj. Txawm li cas los, tus laus tus hlub (Lily Brik) yuav tsis cia nws, tag nrho cov impulses sai txias. A Lub rau hli ntuj 15, 1926 Elli Dzhons yug rau lub kws sau paj lug tus ntxhais - Patricia Thompson.

Thaum yug los, tus hluas nkauj twb muab lub npe Helen Patrisiya Dzhons. Npe menyuam yaus pub los ntawm nws tus txiv neeg txawv teb chaws leej niam ntawm George Jones. Nws yog tsim nyog tias tus me nyuam yuav suav hais tias tsim nyog thiab nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov paub tsis meej ntawm yug rua cov hluas nkauj. Tau me nyuam Mayakovsky yuav ces tau nyob rau hauv kev tsim txom los ntawm cov NKVD thiab feem ntau Lily Brik.

txoj hmoo

Hais txog leej twg yog tus tiag tiag txiv, Helen, Patricia kawm nyob rau hauv cuaj lub xyoos. Tab sis cov lus qhia no tseem muaj nyob rau ib tsev neeg tsis pub leejtwg paub thiab tsis muaj rau cov pej xeem rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Tus ntxhais tau pub rau nws tus txiv lub tswv yim txuj ci. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15, nws cuv npe kawm nyob rau College of Art, tom qab uas nws tau txais ib txoj hauj lwm editor nyob rau hauv lub magazine "Macmillan". Nws muaj nws ua ib tug saib xyuas ntawm films thiab suab paj nruag recordings, kho kom raug, westerns, science ntawv tseeb, detective zaj dab neeg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus ua si nyob rau hauv publishing, Helen, Patricia ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws qhia ntawv, sau phau ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv 1954, Mayakovsky tus ntxhais sib yuav ib tug American Wayne Thompson, thiab hloov nws lub xeem lub npe mus rau tawm hauv ob ib feem ntawm ib tug muab ob npaug rau lub npe - Patricia. 20 xyoo tom qab, qhov ob peb sib nrauj.

Patricia Thompson (los yog Elena Vladimirovna Mayakovskaya) tuag Plaub Hlis Ntuj 1, 2016.

Lub rooj sib tham nrog tus txiv

Thaum Patricia yog peb xyoos los, nws yog tus thawj thiab tib lub sij hawm tau ntsib kuv tus txiv. Cov xov xwm ntawm cov me nyuam yug ntawm nws tus ntxhais heev txaus siab Mayakovsky, tab sis nws yuav tsis tau ib tug visa rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. Tab sis nyob rau ib qho chaw twg daim ntawv tso cai muaj kev tswj kom tau mus rau Fabkis. Nws yog muaj, nyob rau hauv zoo, so nrog nws tus ntxhais Elli Dzhons. Patricia hu ua nws Volodya, thiab nws khaws cia hais tias, "tus ntxhais" thiab "me me kiag". Tsis paub hais tias tsis tau, uas nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws, tus hluas nkauj tseem khaws cia sov thiab puas paub zoo ntawm no lub rooj sib tham.

cov xeeb ntxwv

Cov me nyuam Mayakovsky, lawv txoj hmoo - nws yog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib tshooj nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm ntse heev kws sau paj lug. Tam sim no lawv muaj, hmoov tsis, yog tsis muaj lawm ciaj sia. Tab sis lub cim xeeb ntawm cov kab hais ntxiv thiab cov xeeb ntxwv.

Nws yog lub npe hu rau nco ntsoov hais tias tus tub ntawm Mayakovsky - Gleb, Nikita - tau sib yuav peb zaug. Los ntawm no kev sib yuav nws muaj plaub tug me nyuam (ob tug tub thiab ob tug ntxhais). Thawj-yug tus tub yog muaj npe nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus kws sau paj lug txiv, Vladimir, thiab tus yau tus ntxhais - nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus niam - Elizabeth. Cov me nyuam Mayakovsky mus nyob rau hauv lub footsteps ntawm ib tug txwv zeej txwv koob thiab ua siab creators (sculptors, painters, cov xib fwb). Ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv txoj hmoo hais es meager thiab sketchy. Peb tsuas paub hais tias cov laus tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm tus namesake kws sau paj lug (Vladimir) tuag nyob rau hauv 1996, thiab tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv tuav ib tug me nyuam txoj kev kos duab rhiav. Rhode Mayakovsky ntxiv tsib xeeb ntxwv Gleb-Nikita (Ilya, Elizabeth, Michael, Alexander thiab Anastasia). Ilya Lavinskii ib tug kws kes duab vajtse, Elizabeth - cov artist ntawm ua yeeb yam thiab xinesmas.

Hais txog Patricia Thompson ntaub ntawv rau Lavxias teb sab haiv neeg ua ntej 1990 nws tau kaw. Txawm li cas los, cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm kinship nrog tus naas ej kws sau paj lug nyob tsim nyog lo lus nug ntawm procreation. Cov me nyuam Mayakovsky tus ntxhais? Raws li nws muab tawm, Patricia Thompson yog tus tub ntawm Roger, nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws lij choj, nws yuav txiv lawm, tab sis lawv cov me nyuam yog tsis tau tso cai.

nthuav lus tseeb

• Mayakovsky tub tau txais ib tug muab ob npaug rau lub npe vim sib txawv nyob rau hauv niam txiv kev xaiv ntawm ib tug lub npe rau ib tug me nyuam tub. Thawj feem - Gleb - nws tau txais los ntawm nws tus txiv tshiab, tus thib ob yog ib feem - Nikita - los ntawm leej niam. Mayakovsky nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub upbringing ntawm nws tus tub coj tsis muaj ib feem, txawm hais tias nws yog ib tug heev qhua ntawm tsev neeg nyob rau hauv thawj ob peb lub xyoos.
• Nyob rau hauv 2013, nyob rau Channel Ib tug yog ib zaj duab xis "Khib", nplooj siab mus rau lub 120th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm cov me nyuam yug ntawm tus kws sau paj lug. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub documentary zaj duab xis raws li nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm tuag kev hlub Mayakovsky thiab Lily Brik, cov tau yog vim li cas rau lub kws sau paj lug lub yus tua yus, twb tseem cuam tshuam los ntawm lub nyob mus ib txhis ntsiab - cov me nyuam Mayakovsky (luv luv). Nws yog qhov no zaj duab xis rau cov thawj lub sij hawm tab thiab demonstratively tshaj tawm hais tias qub txeeg qub teg ntawm lub kws sau paj lug.
• Futurist kws sau paj lug yeej ib txwm tau nyob rau qhov chaw ntawm cov poj niam paub. Txawm tias tag nrho cov-consuming kev hlub rau Lili Brik, nws yog rho nrog ib tug ntau ntawm novels. Thiab yog dab tsi tshwm sim tom qab, nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob muaj keeb kwm yog ntsiag to. Txawm li cas los, Gleb-Nikita Lavinskii ib zaug hais tias Mayakovsky muaj ib tug tub, uas nyob rau hauv Mexico. Tab sis cov ntaub ntawv no tsis tau txais nws documentary los yog lwm yam pov thawj.
• Patricia Thompson wrote nyob rau hauv nws lub neej ntawm 15 phau ntawv. Ib tug ob peb ntawm lawv nws nplooj siab mus rau nws txiv. Yog li ntawd, cov phau ntawv "Mayakovsky nyob rau hauv Manhattan hlub zaj dab neeg" qhia txog nws niam thiab txiv thiab lawv luv luv tab sis me kev sib raug zoo. Patricia yog kuj pib ntawm nws autobiography "ntxhais," tab sis tsis muaj sij hawm mam li tiav.
• Twb ua rau cov laus muaj hnub nyoog, Patricia tau ntsib txiv archive (St. Petersburg tsev qiv ntawv). Nyob rau ib sab nws pom nws cov me nyuam drawings (paj thiab nplooj), uas tshuav thaum lub sij hawm lawv cov thawj zaug thiab tsuas lub rooj sib tham.
• Thaum qhov kev thov ntawm cov feem ntau Elli Dzhons tus ntxhais ntawm nws niam lub cev cremated tom qab nws txoj kev tuag thiab raug faus nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntxa uas Vladimir Mayakovsky nyob rau hauv lub Novodevichy toj ntxas.
• Ntxhais xeeb ntxwv uas tus kws sau paj lug - Elizabeth Lavinskaya - sau rau hauv phau ntawv "Leej Tub Mayakovsky." Phau ntawv no, lub cim xeeb ntawm nws tus txiv, tus tub ntawm tus naas ej paj huam, nws tsis yooj yim kev sib raug zoo nrog nws tus txiv tshiab thiab selfless kev hlub rau txiv, uas nws yeej tsis muaj sij hawm los kawm consciously. Tom qab Gleb, Nikita tsuas yog yim lub xyoo laus, thaum muaj ib Mayakovsky.
• Mayakovsky yog cev xeeb tub los ntawm nws tseeb kev hlub - Veronica Polonskaya. Tab sis nws yog muaj txij nkawm thiab tsis xav mus ua txhaum tawm li dheev conjugal kev sib raug zoo rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lub kws sau paj lug lub heartthrob. Yog li ntawd Polonskaya muaj ib tug rho menyuam.

PS

Cov me nyuam twb Mayakovsky? Tam sim no nws yog lub npe hu hais tias, yog. Thiab txawm hais tias nws yeej tsis tau officially sib yuav, tam sim no hais tias tag nrho cov kev txwv thiab kev piam sij ntawm kev tsim txom tsa, peb paub hais tias muaj tsawg kawg yog ob successor ntawm tus poj revolutionary kws sau paj lug. Ntxiv mus, nws xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv nyob niaj hnub no, mus los ntawm nws tus kheej muaj tswv yim txoj kev. Thiab lub cim xeeb ntawm no txawj tshwm sim, Mayakovsky, cov me nyuam, cov xeeb ntxwv thiab kuj zoo kawg cov xeeb ntxwv yuav nqa tab sis tom qab ntau xyoo.