Cog lus ntawm Russia thiab Byzantium: ib tug general txheej txheem cej luam

Nyob rau hauv ancient Russia twb sawv cev los ntawm txoj cai kev cai uas txoj cai lij choj. Sau compilations muaj lawv tsis ua ib ke. Cov kev cai lij choj tau hais teev ntawm kev cai lij choj kev cai. International treaty ntawm princes twb qhov ncauj. Tus thawj sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm thoob ntiaj teb txoj cai, extant, twb Russia treaty nrog Byzantium.

Rus thiab Byzantium

Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub thawj Millennium txoj cai nyob rau hauv Russia yog qhov ncauj, sau cov kev cai ntawm kev cai lij choj tsis ua ib ke. Tus thawj sau treaty nyob vim hais tias ntawm lub yooj yim kev sib raug zoo nrog cov Byzantine Empire, lub successor mus rau lub Roman txoj cai, uas yog tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab cov qauv uas tau ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev cai lij choj kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv tej civilized lub teb chaws.

Ntawm Russia thiab Byzantium muaj yeej ib txwm tau kev sib nrig sib txaus siab. Cog lus ntawm Russia thiab Byzantium tau ua txawm lub fact tias lawv lub ntsiab taw tes rau - ib tug tub rog clashes, tab sis lawv muaj generated thiab txhais ib qho nyiaj paj nyob rau hauv txhua lwm yam, kev sib nrig sib hwm. Peb pom qhov no los ntawm tus ntawv cog lus, uas tau nais tau sau tseg tom qab ib tug tub rog sib tsoo. Tom qab nyeem ntawv rau lawv, tsis tau pom, nyob qhov twg lub yeej, thiab qhov chaw uas tus khiav. Nws yog thaum lub sij hawm rau cov tub rog clashes cog lus ntawm Rus thiab Byzantium tau kos npe ua tsaug rau lawv nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej los tsim kom tau ib tug kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv uas txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub lag luam tawm thiab kev cai ties.

Sis cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev txaus siab ntawm ob lub teb chaws coj qhov chaw mas raws ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv thiab lub Crimea, nyob qhov twg Byzantium yog subordinate mus rau lub chaw uas zoo heev. Zog ntawm Guj kuj yuav tsum tau qhov rooj tawm mus rau sab qab teb Seas rau ntxiv luam txoj kev loj hlob. Nquag mus ncig ua si rau sab qab teb ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog tau muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub expansion ntawm cov lag luam tawm tseem khiav. Uas luam kev sib raug zoo ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov khoom tau nplooj siab, nkag mus rau hauv cov ntawv cog lus nrog rau Russia Byzantium.

Kev Kawm Ntawv Byzantium lub xeev

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua IV Great Roman faj tim teb chaws maj poob mus rau hauv lwj. Los ntawm sab hnub poob, nws twb precipitated los ntawm heev heev pab pawg neeg ntawm barbarians hais tias lawv raids puas zoo civilization. Tab sis tob tob hauv lub Roman Emperor Constantine nyob rau hauv lub IV xyoo pua tseem raug kev txom nyem hauv lub xeev capital nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws, nws nrhiav tau lub nroog ntawm Constantinople, uas twb nyob rau lub shores ntawm lub Bosphorus rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub ancient Greek nroog ntawm Byzantium. Qhov no kauj ruam, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, muab faib cov faj tim teb chaws mus rau hauv ob qhov chaw.

Rome kav los ntawm lawv cov rulers, tab sis Constantinople tseem lub ntsiab nroog ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman. Los ntawm kawg ntawm V xyoo pua, yuav luag tag nrho ib ncig ntawm Western teb chaws Europe tau invaded los ntawm Germanic barbarians. Tsis txhob tawv lawv, thiab ib sab ntawm lub Roman faj tim teb chaws. Cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov Germanic barbarians yuav thiab sacked Rome. Lub Xeev thiab cov ancient civilization tuaj mus rau qhov kawg.

Nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm looting ntawm Rome los ntawm cov barbarians Byzantium yog ib tug heev haib faj tim teb chaws, uas tseem twb rog tau lub invaders, nrog rau cov pab pawg ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab princes. Tom qab txhua tus mus txawv tebchaws los ua ib tug sau ntawv pom zoo ntawm Rus thiab Byzantium. Byzantium los ntawm tus kawg ntawm lub thawj Millennium yog ib tug haib faj tim teb chaws muaj peev xwm rau recapture ib feem ntawm lub pawg neeg thaj av ntawm lub Western Roman faj tim teb chaws, thiab tuav lawv rau ntau tshaj ob centuries. Vam meej lub xeev pab mus rau qhov kev siv ntawm tshiab lub zos nrog zoo nkauj palaces thiab temples. Nws twb destined mus sawv ntsug rau ntau tshaj kaum puas xyoo, ua thiab tswj cov legacy ntawm tus poj Roman faj tim teb chaws.

Byzantine Empire - lub successor ntawm Rome

Ancient Byzantine lub xeev, nyob rau hauv essence, - tus kab lis kev cai txais thiab successor mus rau lub kev vam meej ntawm lub Great Roman faj tim teb chaws - thib ob Rome. Feem ntau ntawm nws cov pejxeem - Greeks, uas coj cov faj tim teb chaws rau cov ntseeg Vajtswv. Nws txuas ntxiv mus rau loj hlob thiab vam. Byzantium pab mus rau lub ntiaj teb no kev loj hlob ntawm noob neej ib invaluable pab. Nws yog ib qho enlightened Christian lub xeev. Ntawm no lawv nyob thiab ua hauj lwm, kws tshawb fawb, musicians, paj huam, philosophers thiab cov kws lij choj.

Byzantine Roman txoj cai tau fwm. Nws tsuas tsis dim, tab sis txuas ntxiv rau chiv, thiab kuj siv tau rau kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm lub teb chaws, cov pov thawj ntawm qhov no yog Russia treaty nrog Byzantium. Ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tau ntawm lub faj tim teb chaws pib systematize thiab khiav (codification) ntawm Roman txoj cai. Hais tias yog, tag nrho cov ntawv nyeem cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau txoj cai tau raug kho, raug npaj los ntawm tshooj, qhov chaw, paragraphs, cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev no, txoj cai no tshwm sim niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov civilized lub teb chaws.

Hiking Rus tiv thaiv Byzantium

Byzantium flourished. Western nroog ntawm lub Roman faj tim teb chaws tau raug puas tsuaj los ntawm cov barbarians. Lub zos uas yog ib feem ntawm lub Byzantine Empire, txuas ntxiv lawv muaj kev thaj yeeb txoj kev loj hlob. Ntau xim tau them mus rau cov lag luam tawm. Los ntawm Byzantium nto moo lawv los ntawm lub Vikings rau lub Greeks. Nws yog tsis xav tsis thoob hais tias tsoom fwv yog lossi rov los ntawm tus barbarians, uas tau sim mus txeeb qhov wealth ntawm tus faj tim teb chaws.

Nws tsis yog ib qho kev zam thiab Ancient Russia, uas campaigns tiv thaiv Byzantium twb, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, tsis yog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev koom lub teb chaws tshiab, thiab nws yog xav nyob rau hauv coj mus muag kev sib raug zoo thiab kom kuv nplua nuj tribute. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm Byzantium yog qhov chaw ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv, thiab Russia - lub pagan lub teb chaws ntawm barbarians. Txawm tias lub Lavxias teb sab tiv thaiv tau phiaj los nqis tes rau lub tribute, Byzantium sim nyuaj los tsim nws kev sib raug zoo nrog cov Nordic lub teb chaws. Tom qab nce roob, kev vam meej los yog hai, kos npe rau lwm daim ntawv cog lus ntawm Russia thiab Byzantium.

cog lus

Byzantium yog ib tug txhawj xeeb rau Russia. Thiab, saum toj no tag nrho, raws li ib tug heev tsim lub xeev tsim. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm Russia yog lig rau Byzantium. Lub Byzantine pab tub rog tau txais kev pab ntau Slavs thiab sab qaum teb Scandinavia. Lawv zoo heev cov tub rog: daring thiab endurance. Byzantium muaj ib tug yawm cawv rau lub teb chaws ntawm Eastern Europe, xws li Russia. Nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub teb chaws yuav raug txiav txim los ntawm lub ntawv cog lus xaus lus nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv cog lus kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb heev lus nug kom pab txhim tsa ib tug tsis yooj yim kev sib raug zoo.

Yuav kom dim thawj 5 cog lus ntawm Russia thiab Byzantium. Lawv yog txhais los ntawm Greek rau hauv Laus Lub tsev teev ntuj Slavonic lus thiab yog muaj nyob rau hauv txheej thaud "taleas ntawm bygone Xyoo". Cov no yog cov thawj cog lus ntawm Russia. Byzantium muaj ib tug ntau dua tej yam zoo nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ntawm lub xeev ntawm kev cai lij choj thiab tej ntsiab cai ntawm nws cov sab qaum teb neeg zej zog. Agreements tau hais tias yuav tsum muaj yam yuavtsum tau earliest sau qhov chaw, Lavxias teb sab kev cai lij choj.

Daim ntawv cog lus 907

Tus thawj sau daim ntawv cog lus ntawm Rus thiab Byzantium tau kos npe los ntawm 907. Tab sis tsis yog txhua txhua zaum ntseeg tib txoj kev. Ib txhia kws tshawb fawb yog inclined rau xav txog lub keeb kwm ntawm nws raws li ib tug npaj daim ntawv. Zoo li nws los yog tsis, nws tsis yog kom paub meej tias los yog refute lub views ntawm ib qho ntawm cov tau.

Daim ntawv cog lus 911 xyoo

Nws tau kos npe rau lub Cuaj hlis 2, thiab cim lub feem ntau muaj kev vam meej phiaj los nqis tes retinue ntawm tub huabtais Oleg ntawm Byzantium.

Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim los rau hauv lub xaus ntawm daim ntawv cog lus ntawm Rus thiab Byzantium? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog tsim nyog rau lub tsev lag luam ntawm zoo phooj ywg kev sib raug zoo thiab kev daws qhov teeb meem ntawm cov lag luam tawm, shipping, cov lus nug uas feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub ob lub teb chaws. Daim ntawv cog lus qhia tau hais tias tus tub huabtais twb tau xa envoys, uas tau muab feem ntau kom paub tseeb tias cov Greek kav cov vaj ntxwv ntawm Leon, Alexander thiab Constantine nyob rau hauv lub kev phooj ywg thiab zoo-neighborliness. Ntxiv mus, cov ntsiab lus uas tseem ceeb heev teeb meem tau sib tham nyob rau hauv kom meej, hais txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub teb chaws thiab cov neeg koom tes nyob rau hauv tej txheej xwm nyob rau hauv Russia thiab Byzantium.

Daim ntawv cog lus 945

Tub huabtais Igor Russia xaus ib daim ntawv cog nrog Byzantium tom qab nws crushing yeej nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm lub phiaj los nqis tes ntawm 945 xyoo. Qhov no daim ntawv cog lus zoo theej tag nrho cov khoom ntawm daim ntawv cog 911 ib xyoos. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tau ua tswvcuab khoom tshiab thiab hloov mus ua ntej lawm sawv daws yuav. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus 911 ib lub xyoo twb nkag tau rau yam khoom nyob rau hauv cov kev ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub txawj tub ntse mus nyiam thaum mus xyuas Byzantium. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev pom zoo, lub 945 yog cov ntaub ntawv kho, nws yuav tsum tau nqa tawm yog hais tias lawv muaj kev tshwj xeeb princely charters. Daim ntawv ntawm cov kev pab tau lawm ho zog.

Txij li thaum kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus, Russia kom tsis txhob coj lawv txoj cai rau cov tswv cuab ntawm lub Byzantine Empire nyob rau hauv lub Crimea. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Zog ntawm Guj kuj yog tsis tau tso cai rau tawm hauv lub tos kev tua nyob rau ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus Dnieper River thiab kom mus pab lub Byzantine Empire thaum lub sij hawm tus cwj pwm ntawm hostilities.

Lavxias teb sab-Byzantine tsov rog ntawm 970-971 xyoo

Lub essence ntawm ib tug tub rog teeb meem yog raws li nram no, thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm tub huabtais Svyatoslav, lub Byzantine-Bulgarian teeb meem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 969. Lavxias teb sab princes raug xa mus rau ambassadors ntawm Byzantium nrog loj pub rau koj yaum tau cov tswv xeev los rau txim rau lub Bulgarian Tsar Peter. Tub huabtais Svyatoslav nrog nws pab tub rog mus ntawm Bulgaria, uas yeej thiab pib kav rau nws.

Tab sis, ces lub Lavxias teb sab tub vaj ntxwv, ua ke nrog lub Bulgarians mus tawm tsam Byzantium. Tsov rog lasted kom txog thaum Lub rau hli ntuj 21, 971, thaum kawg sib ntaus sib tua coj qhov chaw, uas twb nyob rau hauv vain. Nyob rau hauv Constantinople yog nyob tsis tswm, muaj ib tug los coup. Rus pab tub rog twb sab sab thiab tau poob ntau tua. Raws li ib txwm, lub sab saum toj yog ib feem ntawm lub Bulgarians tog nrog lub Greeks.

Daim ntawv cog lus 971

Svyatoslav appealed rau huab tais Ioannu Tsimiskhiyu nrog ib lub tswv yim rau lub xaus ntawm kev kaj siab nyob rau hauv uas muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ib tug dej siab tej yam kev mob Rusich, xws li kho tshiab ntawm lub qub kev sib raug zoo nrog Byzantium. Tus huab tais tsis yig rau tag nrho cov pom zoo. Daim ntawv cog lus upheld tag nrho cov tej yam kev mob ntawm yav tas los cov ntaub ntawv, thiab tub huabtais Svyatoslav tau cog lus tseg tsis txhob mus sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv Byzantium, tsis incite lwm lub xeev ua tsov ua rog tawm tsam nws thiab ua ib tug pab pawg phooj ywg ntawm tus poj faj tim teb chaws.

Daim ntawv cog lus 1046

10 xyoo tom qab, nyob rau hauv 981, lub Lavxias teb sab None Vladimir coj Hersonissos, sib yuav ntawm huab tais tus ntxhais - Princess Anne thiab yog kev cai raus dej ntawm Rus. Zog ntawm Guj kuj tau los ua ib tug txhim khu kev qha txoj kev ntawm lub Byzantine Empire. Thaum huab tais Dais kev pab cuam Lavxias teb sab tub rog corps, nyob rau Mount Athos Lavxias teb sab monastery muaj. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1043 ntawm ob lub teb chaws dua reigns tensions uas coj mus rau lub tshiab phiaj los nqis tes ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv Tej nkoj nquam nyob rau hauv Constantinople. Cua hlob nag xob nag cua thiab lub thiaj li hu ua "Greek hluav taws" Byzantines coj mus rau kev tuag ntawm marine brigade.

Raws li ib txhia qhov chaw, nyob rau hauv 1044 rusichi coj Hersonissos, nyob rau hauv 1046 tub huabtais Vsevolod Yaroslavich sib yuav tus ntxhais ntawm Emperor Constantine Monomakh thiab kos npe rau ib thaj yeeb treaty ntawm Russia thiab Byzantium.