Client SSH: qhov chaw. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws SSH-neeg

Client SSH - nws yog ib tug tsim nyog lub cuab tam thaum uas siv cov SSH-kev sib txuas ntawm ob cov cav tov. Nws yog npaj mus nkag rau hauv lub operating system ntawm cov chaw taws teeb computer thiab khiav nws nyob rau hauv qhov hais kom ua. Tus neeg yog ntsia tau rau tus neeg siv lub zos tshuab. Nws yuav tsum tau authenticated rau neeg rau zaub mov, thiab tsuas yog tom qab uas cov kev pab cuam pib. Tus neeg muaj peev xwm muab los siv rau kev siv nyob rau hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg los yog muaj ib tug graphical configuration interface.

Yuav ua li cas yog SSH?

SSH (Muab Plhaub) yog txhais lus raws li "kev ruaj ntseg plhaub." Kev siv ntawm SSH - yog ib tug network raws tu qauv los ntawm uas ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb kev tswj ntawm cov chaw taws teeb ntawm nyob rau hauv lub network system operating. Nws muab ib tug ruaj ntseg kev twb kev txuas, authentication, thiab cov ntaub ntawv hloov lwm lub tsev ntawm ib tug tswv tsev mus rau lwm lub los ntawm tsheb encryption, dhau los ntawm nws.

Nws tso cai rau koj los mus tsim encrypted ntau rau kev ruaj ntseg kis tau tus mob ntawm lwm network twg tshaj ib tug insecure network xws li cov Internet. nws yog feem ntau siv rau qhov chaw nres nkoj forwarding ib lub computer mus rau lwm yam ports.

Pib lub SSH tso Tattoo Ilonenom ntawm Finland nyob rau hauv 1995, uas tau koom rau nws raws li ib tug pub leej twg paub tsab ntawv ceeb toom. Qhov no version yog hu ua SSH-1. Thaum lub caij, yuav luag yeej tsis siv.

Nyob rau hauv 1996, ib tug paub version of SSH-2 yog tsim. Nws yog incompatible nrog SSH-1 yog ib tug ntau ruaj ntseg thiab muaj kev ncua daim ntawv teev cov encryption algorithms. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub SSH version yog meant SSH-2. Txij li thaum 2006, lub raws tu qauv yog pom tau hais tias IETF txheem Internet Association.

Muaj ob lub ntsiab siv ntawm SSH. Ib tug ntawm lawv proprietary, uas yog tsim los ntawm SSH Communications Security. Ob - OpenSSH, teem nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm Theo de Raadt raws li ib tug dawb lwm qhib ua ntej. Nws yog feem ntau thiab yog muaj nrog rau feem ntau Unix zoo li tshuab.

Yuav ua li cas yog SSH thov kev pab thiab cov neeg rau zaub mov SSH

Kev twb kev txuas SSH raws tu qauv yog siv los ntawm txhais tau tias ntawm ob lub ntsiab Cheebtsam: ib tug neeg thiab ib tug neeg rau zaub mov.

Nyob rau hauv cov lus yooj yim, ib tug neeg nrog ib tug neeg uas yog ntsia tau rau ib lub zos computer uas muaj kev nkag tau mus rau tej thaj chaw deb siv lub tshuab (neeg rau zaub mov). Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov neeg yuav muab los siv graphical neeg siv interface (raws li destktopnoe daim ntawv thov) thiab rau cov lag luam nyob rau hauv ib tug davhlau ya nyob twg (console).

SSH neeg rau zaub mov ua tib zoo mloog rau cov neeg muas zaub thiab network kev sib txuas thaum koj sim hawm caij nyoog rau ib tug kev twb kev txuas ua rau cov kauj ruam tsim nyog rau kev tso cai. Thaum muaj kev vam meej dhau launches teem rau tej thaj chaw deb neeg muab kev pab.

Luag nkag yog lub koom haum ntawm ib qho kev authentication txoj kev siv asymmetric encryption nrog pej xeem tseem ceeb thaum koj thawj txuas. Thaum lub sij hawm tom ntej siv yam encryption.

SSH txheem muaj xws li peb kev cai:

• Thauj Txheej raws tu qauv - kom neeg rau zaub mov authentication, tus kheej thiab kev ntseeg siab. Nws muab cov ntaub ntawv compression. Sau rau sab saum toj ntawm TCP / IP.

• Authentication raws tu qauv - ua neeg authentication mus rau lub neeg rau zaub mov. Nws ua tshaj cov thauj raws tu qauv txheej.

• Kev twb kev txuas raws tu qauv - ib tug encrypted channel yog multiplexed li ntau zajlus kom channel siv rau ntau yam kev pab. Nws sau nyob rau hauv sab saum toj ntawm lub authentication channel.

Paub kev nyab xeeb yog guaranteed los ntawm tus neeg authentication mus rau lub neeg rau zaub mov nkag los ntawm lub SSH thov kev pab thiab cov neeg rau zaub mov authentication mus rau tus neeg. Authentication yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau ob sab.

Tus neeg xa ib daim ntawv thov rau cov thawj lub sij hawm tsim ib tug ruaj ntseg kev twb kev txuas ntawm cov thauj txheej. Qhov thib ob daim ntawv thov xa tuaj tom qab lub authentication SSH-neeg.

Cov kev siv ntawm OpenSSH

OpenSSH - yog ib qho qhib qhov chaw siv OpenBSD pab neeg. Yog feem ntau version ntawm free tis.

OpenSSH pob muaj xws li ib tug txheej ntawm cov cuab yeej:

• SSHD - neeg rau zaub mov yog ib feem.
• SSH - neeg sab.
• SCP - ib tug nqi hluav taws xob rau kev ruaj ntseg cov ntaub ntawv luam.
• SSH-keygen - generates pej xeem lag luam (RSA, DSA thiab lwm yam) rau computers thiab cov neeg siv.
• SSH-keyscan - sib sau pej xeem lag luam nyob rau hauv lub network.
• SSH-neeg sawv cev - yuav tus kheej RSA tuav rau tom ntej authentication nrog pej xeem lag luam.
• SSH-ntxiv - ntxiv tshiab private tuav neeg sawv cev SSH-neeg sawv cev.
• SFTP-neeg rau zaub mov - SFTP neeg rau zaub mov.
• SFTP - company los securely luam cov ntaub ntawv ntawm FTP.

OpenSSH yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub me nyuam rau ntawm lub box rau feem ntau Unix zoo li tshuab. Feem ntau pom tau hais tias Linux, Open (Dawb, Net) BSD, Solaris, HP-UX, Irix, MacOS X, thiab lwm tus neeg.

Intensive kev ua hauj lwm nqa tawm nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm OpenSSH rau lub qhov rais, uas yog muaj nyob rau download ntawm lub website. Nws tso cai rau koj mus tsim SSH-neeg rau zaub mov nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais tsev neeg ntawm lub muaj ib tug SSH neeg mus cuag. OpenSSH rau lub qhov rais yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub me nyuam CygWin.

Cov feem nrov ntawm cov neeg siv yog cov distributions raws li nyob rau hauv lub noob pob kws Linux. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, tag nrho cov piv txwv ntawm kev siv SSH yog rub rau configure OpenSSH. Rau clarity ntawm Linux yuav teem SSH-neeg rau Ubuntu, Qhov rai thiab Mac OS X.

Txhim kho thiab Configuring openssh-neeg rau zaub mov

Muaj ntau ntau configuration xaiv OpenSSH -server. Yuav kom kho cov neeg yuav tsum tau ua raws li nyob rau hauv lub neeg rau zaub mov config. Seem no yog qhia ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub SSH neeg rau zaub mov ntsia rau Ubuntu neeg rau zaub mov Tsab. Nyob rau hauv tom ntej piav configure cov neeg siv cov configuration ntawm cov neeg rau zaub mov.

1. Muaj ob txoj kev rau nruab OpenSSH -server:

1.1. Xaiv OpenSSH -server installation pob tam sim ntawd thaum lub sij hawm unfolding Ubuntu neeg rau zaub mov /

1.2. Download tau thiab nruab los ntawm lub repository ntawm khiav qhov hais kom ua:

2. Nco paub nrog qhov tseem ceeb SSHD neeg rau zaub mov neej ntawd hais configuration ntaub ntawv / etc / SSH / sshd_config, siv qhov hais kom ua:

3. Ua ntej koj yuav hloov lub neej ntawd chaw nco ntsoov los ua ib tug thaub qab daim ntawv luam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev sau ntawv. Qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, yog tias koj xav tau rau yob rov qab mus rau lub neej ntawd qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug yuam kev.

4. Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua neej ntawd chaw nres nkoj lub TCP 22. muaj kev nyab xeeb, nws yog pom zoo kom hloov nws uas tsis yog-tus qauv tseem ceeb, piv txwv li, 5754. Hloov qhov chaw nres nkoj qhia nrog qhov hais kom ua:

5. Tseg cov ntaub ntawv / Etc / SSH / sshd_config thiab pib dua SSHD:

Cov neeg rau zaub mov yog ntsia thiab configured. Tam sim no nws mloog ntawm chaw nres nkoj 5754. Los ntawm neej ntawd hais, mus saib tau cov neeg siv yuav tau kos npe rau hauv lub system nrog cov cai. Authentication yog ua los ntawm kev siv ib lo lus zais los yog tseem ceeb DSA, RSA, ed25519 li al.

Ntoo khaub lig-platform OpenSSH-neeg davhlau ya nyob twg. SSH neeg rau Linux

Yav tas los hais tias feem ntau siv kev siv ntawm cov SSH raws tu qauv yog lub OpenSSH, uas los ntawm lub neej ntawd los nrog rau feem ntau Linux distributions cov rooj sib txoos. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, OpenSSH yuav tsum downloaded ntawm lub repository rau no distro.

Raws li ib feem ntawm lub OpenSSH neeg-pob khoom siv raws li SSH kev pab cuam, uas sau rau hauv tib lub hais kom ua. Configuring tus neeg thiab yog tshuaj ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg, nws tsis muaj ib tug graphical interface. Nws yog suav hais tias yog feem ntau yooj yim thiab tus neeg siv-phooj ywg version.

Txhim kho thiab configuring OpenSSH-neeg rau Ubuntu

Nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb tshuab tau ntsia thiab configured OpenSSH-neeg rau zaub mov. Lub hom phiaj yog kom tau nkag mus rau nws los ntawm ib lub zos computer uas yog khiav Ubuntu.

1. Lub neej ntawd Ubuntu faib tsis ntxiv OpenSSH-neeg, li ntawd, koj yuav tsum nruab nws siv:

2. Tom qab cov installation cov kev pab cuam no yog tau SSH hais kom ua los ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg tsis muaj hauv paus.

3. Yog hais tias tus neeg siv authentication yog siv nrog ib lo lus zais:

1) Lub kev twb kev txuas yog ua nrog:

• username - account lub npe rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb tshuab,
• party - nws yog tej thaj chaw deb neeg rau zaub mov IP-qhov chaw nyob (los yog sau yog hais tias tus sau tau cai rau cov neeg rau zaub mov);

2) tom qab nkag mus rau qhov hais kom ua, koj yuav tsum nias lub Sau - koj yuav tsum tau sim hawm caij nyoog rau ib lo lus zais; Ib lo lus zais yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb tshuab account (yuav tsum tau ceev faj raws li kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov lo lus zais yog tsis tso tawm);

3) nkag mus rau qhov tseeb lo lus zais, tej thaj chaw deb neeg rau zaub mov davhlau ya nyob twg qhov rai uas muaj ib tug tos txais; Koj muaj peev xwm tam sim no ua qhov tsim nyog commands.

4. Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim hais tias kev tso cai yuav tsum tau rau lub lag luam DSA:

1) Yog hais tias tsim nyog los ua kom muaj pej xeem thiab private tuav tau los ntawm SSH OpenSSH-neeg:

2) Lub neej ntawd pej xeem tseem ceeb yog muab cia rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv /home/user/.ssh/id_dsa.pub thiab kaw nyob rau hauv /home/user/.ssh/id_dsa;

3) yuav tsum tau theej rau tej thaj chaw deb tshuab thiab ntxiv mus rau lub tso cai /home/user/.ssh/authorized_keys pab neeg generated pej xeem tseem ceeb:

Tam sim no tus neeg siv yuav kuaj xyuas nrog rau cov SSH-neeg rau zaub mov tsis nkag ib lo lus zais.

Txhim kho thiab configuring OpenSSH rau Cygwin Terminal rau lub qhov rais

Txhim kho Cygwin Cygwin.exe tso ib cov ntaub ntawv uas yog downloaded los ntawm cov nom site.

Cygwin - yog assembling ib tug ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov pob khoom. Mus ua hauj lwm nrog cov chaw taws teeb davhlau ya nyob twg xav xwb OpenSSH. Koj yuav nrhiav tau nws los ntawm searching nyob rau hauv lub Cygwin.

Tom qab koj nruab ib lub pob koj yuav tsum tau khiav Cygwin Terminal thiab nkag mus rau hauv qab no hais kom ua:

Ces nias sau. Koj yuav yuav prompted rau nkag mus rau lo lus zais. Tom qab dua authentication zoo nkaus li ib tug tej thaj chaw deb neeg rau zaub mov rau cov neeg siv davhlau ya nyob twg tos txais.

Cov syntax yog raws nraim tib yam li nyob rau hauv OpenSSH-neeg, siv rau Linux.

SSH-neeg ntoo khaub lig-platform GUI PuTTY

Putty - ib tug graphical SSH neeg rau tej thaj chaw deb tswj, uas muaj xws li kev pab txhawb nqa rau SSH raws tu qauv. Qhov kev pab cuam yog faib nrog qhib qhov thiab tag dawb.

Keeb xeeb muab tsuas yog rau cov OS qhov rais, tab sis tus neeg tom qab ported rau Linux, nws yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub repository ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov nrov Linux distributions.

Rau siab tsim los ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Mac OS X.

PuTTY configuration qhov rais zoo tib yam rau tag nrho cov kev khiav hauj lwm systems. Qhov txawv tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub installation txoj kev. Yog li ntawd, cov installation yuav xub tau qhia yuav ua li cas peb khiav hauj lwm systems, thiab ces - qhov tsis muaj PuTTY chaw.

Txhim kho PuTTY Linux Ubuntu

1. Nruab PuTTY nrog qhov hais kom ua:

2. Pib lub putty hais kom ua los ntawm ib tug davhlau ya nyob twg los yog ib tug nas nias rau hauv cov zaub mov:

3. Lub qhov rais neeg muaj nqis, qhov chaw uas nws yog tsim nyog los sau npe kev twb kev txuas tsis.

Txhim kho PuTTY rau lub qhov rais

Rau nruab cov yuav tsum tau putty.exe download tau cov ntaub ntawv, txuag mus rau ib tug yooj yim qhov chaw, xws li nyob rau hauv lub desktop. Qhov kev pab cuam pib nrog ob tug clicks ntawm sab laug nas khawm.

PuTTY - SSH-neeg rau lub Mac. Txhim kho thiab khiav lub GUI-version

Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev sau ntawv PuTTY tau tsis txaus tau ported mus ua hauj lwm rau Mac OS X. teeb meem sawv nyob rau hauv lub tso ua ke ntawm qhov uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub graphical interface.

Rau installation, koj yuav tsum tau ua ib co sij hawm luag ua hauj lwm.

1. Nruab Xcode.

pob ntawm hlauv taws xob thiab cov kev pab cuam los ntawm cov kua los tsim thiab tsim daim ntaub ntawv rau Mac OS X.

Nrog OS version ntawm lub Mac lub X 10.7 tsov yog tsim nyog los muab tso rau lub «hais kom ua kab cuab yeej rau Xcode» nrog lub kua tsim tawm lub website.

Tom qab lub installation yuav tsum tau txais daim ntawv tso cai pom zoo:

2. Cuab Xquartz.

Qhov no neeg rau zaub mov siv X.Org X Qhov rai System (X11) rau Mac OS X. Yuav tsum tau Rau cov GUI-version ntawm PuTTY, sau nyob rau hauv GTK +. Nruab los ntawm cov nom lub website. Tom qab kev txhim kho cov yuav tsum tau relogin.

3. Nruab Homebrew.

Installation tau:

Tom ntej no koj yuav tau mus xyuas rau yog installation ntawm pab neeg no:

4. Cuab cov Putty, ua li cas:

Cov txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm ntau tshaj li ib teev, raws li yog ib tug plurality ntawm xws dependencies Glib / GTK + / Pango / Cairo.

5. Tsim cov startup ntaub ntawv Putty.app.

Koj yuav tsum khiav Automator.app. Cov ntaub ntawv hom xaiv "kev pab cuam" nyob rau hauv cov kev ua uas koj yuav tsum xaiv "mus dhia plhaub-tsab ntawv" nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim box muab cov kev mus rau lub executable ntaub ntawv «/ neeg / lub zos / bin / putty», txuag raws li «putty.app», specifying cov ntaub ntawv hom " kev pab cuam "rau cov directory" qhov kev pab cuam. " Yog hais tias qhov kev kawm, ib tug txheej txheem icon yuav hloov.

Teem lub SSH neeg PuTTY

Tus txheej txheem ntawm qhov chaw kawm graphical neeg SSH PuTTY zoo tib yam rau tag nrho cov kev khiav hauj lwm systems. Cov tsos yog me ntsis txawv, nyob ntawm seb tus qauv siv ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm.

Yuav kom txuas mus rau ib tug tej thaj chaw deb tshuab ntawm SSH xav khiav PuTTY. Nyob rau hauv lub resulting qhov rais, koj yuav tsum teem caij rau tsis:

Kev twb kev txuas hom - lub hom kev twb kev txuas - tsim SSH.

Host lub npe (los yog tus IP-adress) - party npe los tus IP-qhov chaw nyob - nyob ntawm no qhia kom meej rau tej thaj chaw deb neeg rau zaub mov IP-qhov chaw nyob, sau lub npe los yog qhov chaw hauv internet. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev piv txwv, Teem caij IP-chaw nyob 192.168.128.3

Chaw nres nkoj - mloog chaw nres nkoj - lub neeg rau zaub mov, uas tau muab raws li ib qho piv txwv, teem chaw nres nkoj 5754. Nws thiab taw tes.

Yog hais tias qhov kev kawm, koj muaj peev xwm cawm lub chaw rau no kev sib ntsib.

Thaum koj nias lub "Qhib" khawm, ib tug davhlau ya nyob twg qhov rai yuav tshwm sim, qhov twg yuav tsum sau cov chaw taws teeb tshuab lub npe thiab lo lus zais rau lub account.

Yog hais tias tsim nyog, tus neeg authentication tseem ceeb khub yuav tsum tau puttygen.exe nqi hluav taws xob uas sau nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais. PuTTY-Gen generates ib tug khub ntawm pej xeem thiab tsoom lag luam.

Cov pej xeem tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau cov neeg rau zaub mov, nws yog generated nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem SSH. Ntxiv tseem ceeb tau zoo OpenSSH ntawm ib tug davhlau ya nyob twg los ntawm cov PuTTY, thiab tau sawv tus thawj authentication ID nkag mus password.

Cov lwm yam tseem ceeb yog generated .ppk hom ntawv thiab ntxiv mus rau tus neeg. Nyob rau sab laug nyob rau hauv lub tsob ntoo mus nrhiav SSH, nthuav rau hauv daim ntawv, nrhiav lub Auth thiab nyob rau hauv no parameter nyob rau hauv lub «Private tseem ceeb cov ntaub ntawv rau Authentication» xaiv qhov tseem ceeb.

Tom qab no manipulations, tus neeg siv yuav kuaj xyuas nrog rau cov neeg rau zaub mov tsis muaj ib lo lus zais.

Thaum lub caij, PuTTY SSH neeg yog xam tau tias yog ib tug universal GUI. Peb tog developers tau tsim Gao-Feng SSH-neeg rau hauv, raws li cov mobile version ntawm PuTTY.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws SSH-neeg

Kom deb li deb yog tsis muaj kev pom zoo nyob li cas SSH-neeg zoo siv. System cov thawj coj tau raug xaiv cov cuab yeej raws li lawv tus kheej xav tau kev pab.

Raws li txoj cai, cov neeg siv * Unix-tshuab yuav siv ib tug txheej txheem SSH los ntawm cov OpenSSH pob. Nws muaj tseeb universal syntax thiab yog muaj ncaj qha los ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Rau cov lag luam nrog ntxiv cov cuab yeej xws li kev ruaj ntseg cov ntaub ntawv daim ntawv (SCP) tsis yuav tsum mus nruab ntxiv software. Txhua yam uas koj xav tau yog muaj nyob rau hauv OpenSSH.

GUI kiv cua uas feem ntau yog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais kev khiav hauj lwm systems, siv PuTTY. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws SSH-neeg rau lub qhov rais. Nws muaj tag nrho cov tsim nyog cov cuab yeej rau tunneling, luam ntaub ntawv, thiab hais txog, txawm yog hais tias nws yuav tsum tau daus ntxiv modules.