Algorithms rau cov ntaub ntawv encryption. Yam encryption algorithms. RSA encryption algorithm. Tej kev lav ris encryption algorithm. Xaiv lub encryption algorithm

Nyob rau hauv peb lub computer uas muaj hnub nyoog tib neeg nce tsis kam mus khaws cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv handwritten los yog luam daim ntawv no, preferring mus ua hluav taws xob cov ntaub ntawv. Thiab yog hais tias ua ntej nyiag ib daim ntawv los yog parchment, tab sis tam sim no nws yog txhawm rau hluav taws xob ntxiv. Lawv tus kheej raws li algorithms cov ntaub ntawv encryption tau paub txij li thaum lub sij hawm immemorial. Muaj ntau civilizations muaj najnpawb rau encrypt lawv cov cim kev txawj ntse, yog li ntawd lawv yuav tau txais tib neeg paub. Tab sis cia saib yuav ua li cas nws yog tso tawm rau hauv peb lub ntiaj teb no.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug cov ntaub ntawv encryption system?

Yuav pib los mus txiav txim uas sawv cev rau ib tug cryptographic system nyob rau hauv feem ntau. Roughly hais lus, qhov no yog ib tug tshwj xeeb algorithm rau cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv ntaub ntawv, uas yuav tsum to taub xwb mus rau ib tug tej yam vajvoog ntawm cov neeg.

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim, ib tug neeg txawv txhua yam uas nws pom, yuav tsum (nyob rau hauv tus, nws yog) zoo li meaningless set ntawm cov cim. Nyeem ib theem zuj zus ua tau tsuas yog ib tug neeg uas paub txog cov kev cai ntawm lawv qhov chaw nyob. Raws li ib tug heev yooj yim piv txwv li, koj muaj peev xwm txiav txim seb lub encryption algorithm nrog qhov txawv ntawm lo lus, piv txwv li, rov qab mus rau pem hauv ntej. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qhov no yog lub feem ntau txheej thaum ub, koj yuav tau xav seb. Lub implication yog hais tias yog koj paub cov kev cai ntawm nkag teb chaws, rov qab kho cov ntawv nyeem twb tsis ua hauj lwm.

Yog vim li cas ua tau nws?

Yuav ua li cas nws tag nrho cov los nrog yog tej zaum tsis tsim nyog los piav qhia. Saib, rau li cas tus nqi ntawm kev txawj ntse sab laug los ntawm ancient civilizations, yog tam sim no encrypted. Seb tus ancients tsis xav kom peb paub, seb nws tau tag nrho cov ua, hais tias txiv neej muaj peev xwm mus siv rau lawv xwb thaum lub yam theem ntawm kev loj hlob - tsis tau nws tsuas twv.

Txawm li cas los, yog hais tias peb tham txog hnub no lub ntiaj teb no, cov lus qhia kev ruaj ntseg tau ua ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj teeb meem. Txiav txim rau koj tus kheej, vim hais tias muaj ntau yam ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov archives ntawm lub tib lub, uas ib txhia nom tswv tsis xav kom ua ntawv thov, yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam tsis pub leejtwg paub designs li tshiab technologies. Tab sis tag nrho cov no yog, thiab loj, yog lub hom phiaj ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua hackers, nyob rau hauv lub classic kev txiav txim zoo ntawm lub sij hawm.

Nws los mus mloog tsuas yog ib kab lus hais tias tau ua ib tug classic ntsiab cai ntawm kev ua si Natana Rotshilda: "Leej twg muaj cov ntaub ntawv, yus tus kheej li lub ntiaj teb no." Thiab hais tias yog vim li cas cov ntaub ntawv yog tsim nyog los tiv thaiv los ntawm prying ob lub qhov muag, yog li ntawd nws tsis siv lwm tus neeg rau lawv tus kheej qia dub lub hom phiaj.

Cryptography: lub starting taw tes

Tam sim no, ua ntej koj xaiv qhov heev qauv uas muaj tej yam kev encryption algorithm, ib tug me ntsis dhia dej mus rau hauv zaj dab neeg, nyob rau hauv cov hnub, thaum lub science yog nyob rau hauv nws kiag.

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov kos duab nkaum ntaub ntawv koom pib los tsim ob peb txhiab xyoo ua ntej peb era. Superiority yog rho mus rau lub ancient Sumerians, King Solomon thiab cov neeg Iyiv pov thawj. Tsuas yog ntau npaum li cas tom qab ntawd yog cov tib runic cim thiab cim zoo li. Tab sis li cas yog nthuav: tej zaum phau ntawv encryption algorithm (namely, lawv Txoj kev no muaj nyob rau ntawm lub lub sij hawm) yog tias nyob rau hauv tib lub ancient Sumerian cuneiform ib cim yuav txhais li cas tsis tau tsuas yog ib tsab ntawv, tab sis kuj tseem lo lus, tswvyim los yog txawm suggestion. Vim hais tias ntawm qhov no txhais ntawm cov phau ntawv txawm uas niaj hnub cryptographic systems uas los tus thawj tsos ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, nws yog kiag li tsis yooj yim sua. Hais lus niaj hnub hais lus, nws yog heev tshaj, raws li yog tam sim no qhia, yam encryption algorithms. Lawv nyob ib leeg.

Cov niaj hnub ntiaj teb no: yam ntawm encryption algorithms

Raws li hais tus tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv npog nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub ntiaj teb no, nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub hnub thaum computers twb tsis paub tias los rau noob neej. Tsis hais ntau npaum li cas daim ntawv twb pauv mus rau alchemists, los yog cov tib Templars, sim mus nkaum qhov tseeb ntawv paub rau lawv cov kev txawj ntse, nws yog ib nqi nco ntsoov tias txij li thaum lub rov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib txuas lus teeb meem tau tsuas worsened.

Thiab ces, tej zaum, feem ntau zoo-paub ntaus ntawv tej zaum yuav raug hu ua German cipher tshuab thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb ob hu ua "Enigma", uas txhais ua lus Askiv txhais tau hais tias "paub tsis meej." Ib zaug ntxiv, qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas lub yam encryption algorithms siv, cov essence ntawm uas yog tias shifrovschik thiab cryptanalysts paub tus yuam sij (algorithm), muas thaum chiv thawj ua ntawv thov mus nkaum cov ntaub ntawv.

Niaj hnub no, xws li ib tug cryptosystem yog siv qhov txhia chaw. Cov feem ntau cov tawm piv txwv yuav suav hais tias, piv txwv li, AES256 encryption algorithm, uas yog lub thoob ntiaj teb tus qauv. Los ntawm cov foundations ntawm lub computer terminology, nws tso cai rau koj siv ib tug tseem ceeb ntev ntawm 256 khoom. Nyob rau hauv kev, niaj hnub encryption algorithms yog heev ntau haiv neeg, thiab muab faib rau lawv muaj peev xwm yuav roughly rau hauv ob sab kawm: yam thiab asymmetric. Lawv yog cov, nyob ntawm seb cov lo lus uas cheeb tsam, tam sim no siv heev lug. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm encryption algorithm nyob ntawm cov paub tab thiab cov qauv ntawm cov rov qab cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv nws thawj daim ntawv. Tab sis dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv?

Yam thiab asymmetric encryption algorithms: dab tsi yog qhov txawv

Tam sim no cia saib dab tsi zoo ntawm yuav tsum muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm tej tshuab thiab cov ntsiab cai nyob rau hauv uas yog raws li lawv daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv xyaum. Raws li yog qhov tseeb, qhov encryption algorithms yog hais txog mus rau lub geometrical tswv yim ntawm symmetry thiab asymmetry. Nws txhais li cas tam sim no thiab yuav tsum piav qhia.

Yam encryption algorithm tej kev lav ris, tsim nyob rau hauv 1977, implies lub hav zoov ntawm ib qhov tseem ceeb uas yog supposedly lub npe hu rau ob tog muaj kev txhawj xeeb. nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus siv kev paub txog ib tug tseem ceeb, muab tso rau hauv kev xyaum, mus nyeem cov tib meaningless set ntawm cov cim, nqa nws, li ntawd, yuav hais lus, nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwmsim daim ntawv.

Thiab dab tsi yog qhov asymmetric encryption algorithms? Muaj ob lub lag luam yog siv, uas yog encode tus thawj ntaub ntawv siv ib tug rau decrypt cov ntsiab lus - lub lwm yam, thiab nws tsis yog tsim nyog los ua tib yam, los yog nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub coding thiab seev suab sab. Rau txhua ntawm lawv tsuas yog ib qho. Yog li, ib tug heev high degree ntawm ob lub lag luam cais los ntawm uas nkag mus rau lub thib peb txhais tes. Txawm li cas los, raws li nyob rau hauv qhov tam sim no qhov teeb meem, muaj ntau hackers nyiag no hom ntawm ib tug teeb meem thiab tsis yog. Lwm yam - mus nrhiav raws nraim qhov tseem ceeb (roughly hais lus, ib lo lus zais), uas yog haum rau decrypt cov ntaub ntawv. Tab sis kev xaiv yuav muaj ntau yam thiaj li hais tias txawm lub feem ntau niaj hnub lub computer yuav ua lawv rau ob peb decades. Raws li tau teev, tsis muaj leej twg ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tus uas twb muaj lawm computer systems hack nkag tau mus rau nws thiab tau txais dab tsi yog hu ua tus "wiretapping" tsis tau thiab yuav tsis tau nyob rau hauv lub tuaj lub decades.

Qhov tseem zoo-paub thiab feem ntau siv encryption algorithms

Tiam sis rov qab nyob rau hauv lub computer ntiaj teb no. Yuav ua li cas yog nyob rau hauv kev yooj yim encryption algorithms rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub computer thiab mobile technology?

Nyob rau hauv feem ntau lub teb chaws, lub tsib facto txheem yog AES cryptographic system raws li ib tug 128-ntsis qhov tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nrog nws yog tej zaum kuj siv algorithm RSA encryption, uas txawm hais tias lwm yam kev rau encryption siv cov pej xeem (public) qhov tseem ceeb cuaj kaum yog ib qho ntawm feem txhim khu kev qha. Qhov no, incidentally, muaj pov thawj los ntawm tag nrho cov ua cov kws txawj txij li thaum lub system nws tus kheej nyob tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv encryption, tab sis kuj cov preservation ntawm lub sam xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Raws li rau hauv thaum ntxov loj hlob, uas yog hais txog cov tej kev lav ris encryption algorithm, nws yog hopelessly outdated, thiab npaj los hloov nws tau pib nyob rau hauv 1997. Nws twb ces raws li nws, ib tug tshiab thiab advanced (Advanced) encryption txheem AES (thawj nrog 128-ntsis qhov tseem ceeb, thiab ces - nrog ib tug 256-ntsis tseem ceeb).

RSA encryption

Tam sim no peb tsom ntsoov rau cov RSA technology uas koom rau ib qho kev asymmetric encryption system. Piv txwv ib tug neeg xa lwm cov lus qhia encrypted nrog no algorithm.

Yuav kom encrypt noj ob sufficiently loj tus naj npawb ntawm X thiab Y, ces xam lawv cov khoom Z, yog hu ua ib tug module. Ntxiv ib co extraneous xaiv tooj A, uas satisfies cov mob: 1

Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim thaum ib tug zaub mov xa tuaj? Lub sender generates ib tug ciphertext, xaiv F, nrog rau cov thawj cov lus M, ua raws li los ntawm exponentiation A npaug module thiab Z: F = M ** A * (mod Z). Neeg tau kev pab yooj yim piv txwv yog xam: M = F ** B * (mod Z). Roughly hais lus, tag nrho cov ntawm cov kev ua yog txo heev dua lwm yam rau qhov kev siv ntawm ib lub hwj chim. Txoj ntsiab cai tib hauj lwm cov kev xaiv uas lub creation ntawm ib cov kos npe, tab sis lub equation no yog nyuab dua. Kom tsis txhob muaj kev dej nyab tus neeg siv lub taub hau algebra, tej khoom yuav tsis muab.

Kuv yuav hais tias, yog hais tias peb tab tom nrhiav rau lub neej yav tom ntej, tsis tas yuav decipher yav tag los. Yog hais tias koj saib nyob rau lub ntiaj teb uas peb Millennium, peb yuav pom hais tias tus tib Roman tus huab tais Gaius Yuliy Tsezar nyob rau hauv ib co ntawm nws sau siv yam encryption algorithms. Zoo, yog koj saib lub Leonardo da Vinci, li ntawd, tag nrho yog sov ua licas tsis nyob rau nws tus kheej los ntawm ib tug realization tias nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cryptography, tus txiv neej uas nws lub neej yog them nrog ib tug zoo ntawm daim ntaub thaiv ntawm paub tsis meej, muaj surpassed nws tiam no rau centuries.

Kom txog rau thaum tam sim no, muaj coob tus neeg tsis muab so rau cov thiaj li hu ua "Mona Lisa luag," nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog ib yam dab tsi txaus nyiam, uas niaj hnub tus txiv neej yog tsis tau to taub. Incidentally, nyob rau hauv cov duab nrog hwm rau tej cim (nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm tus hnav ris tsho, thiab hais txog. D.) Tau ntev los no tau pom tias kom meej meej qhia tias tag nrho cov no muaj ib co encrypted zoo ntse heev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hnub no, alas, coj peb tsis tau. Tab sis peb twb tsis hais lub ntau hom loj-scale lug, uas twb tau tig qhov kev nkag siab ntawm lub physics ntawm lub sij hawm.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, ib co minds tau ris xwb rau lub fact tias nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, twb tau muab siv ib tug thiaj li hu ua "golden seem", txawm li cas los, thiab nws tsis muab tus yuam sij rau tag nrho cov uas loj heev khw ntawm kev txawj ntse, uas yog ntseeg los yog peb tsis to taub, los yog poob mus ib txhis. Thaj, cryptography tseem yuav tau ua ib qho zoo kawg hauj lwm ntau heev kom to taub tias niaj hnub encryption algorithms feem ntau tsis txhob mus rau kev sib piv nrog rau cov kev khiav hauj lwm lub sij hawm ntawm ancient civilizations. Ntxiv mus, yog tias niaj hnub no muaj feem ntau txais hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev ruaj ntseg, qhov sawv daws yuav uas tau siv nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, hmoov tsis, peb yuav tsum muab tsis cuag thiab to taub tsis tau.

Thiab ib tug ntau tshaj plaws. Muaj yog ib qho kev unspoken kev ntseeg tias feem coob ntawm ancient phau ntawv tsis tau txhais vim hais tias cov yuam sij rau deciphering lawv zoo guarded tsis pub leejtwg paub societies li cov Freemasons, lub Illuminati, thiab hais txog. D. Txawm lub Templars tau ncaim lawv tus cim no. Yuav ua li cas yuav ua tau peb hais txog dab tsi tseem tshua kiag muab tsis cuag cov tsev qiv ntawv ntawm lub Vatican? Tsis txhob cia lub ntsiab kom koj to taub ancient lub sij hawm muaj? Muaj ntau cov kws txawj yog inclined mus rau qhov no version yog tus ntseeg tias lub Vatican txhob txwm tshaj tawm txiav cov ntaub ntawv no los ntawm cov pej xeem. Zoo li nws los yog tsis, tsis muaj leej twg paub. Tab sis ib tug tshaj plaws yog tseeb - ancient cryptography system nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev ua tsis tau zoo rau (thiab tej zaum surpassed) cov neeg siv nyob rau hauv hnub no lub computer ntiaj teb no.

es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug epilogue

Thaum kawg nws yuav tsum tau hais tias hais tias muaj tau raug xam, tsis yog txhua txhua yam ntawm lub tam sim no cryptographic systems thiab cov tswv yim uas lawv siv. Qhov tseeb yog tias feem ntau yuav tau ua txoj siv cov formulas lej thiab tam sim no suav, los ntawm uas feem ntau ntawm cov neeg siv tsuas mus lub taub hau kiv. Cia li saib cov piv txwv ntawm qhov kev piav qhia ntawm lub RSA algorithm, kom paub tias txhua tsav txhua yam yuav saib ib tug ntau ntau tham.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws - kom to taub thiab tsuab, li ntawd, yuav hais lus, nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm qhov teeb meem. Zoo, yog hais tias peb tham txog dab tsi yog qhov niaj hnub systems, muab khaws cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas yog mus siv cuag mus rau ib tug tsawg tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg, muaj me ntsis xaiv. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau ntau yam cryptographic tshuab, tib RSA thiab tej kev lav ris algorithms yog kom meej meej poob AES specifics. Txawm li cas los, feem ntau niaj hnub daim ntaub ntawv tsim rau ib tug heev differing ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm systems, siv yog AES (lawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov thiab tus ntaus ntawv). Tab sis ntawm no yog lub "tsis tau tso cai" evolution ntawm no cryptosystem, muab tso rau nws mob me, ntau yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws cov founders, xav tsis thoob. Tab sis rau tag nrho lub, raws li nyob rau hauv lub fact tias muaj yog hnub no, ntau cov neeg siv yuav tsis tau yooj yim rau to taub dab tsi lub cryptographic cov ntaub ntawv encryption system, vim li cas lawv yuav tsum tau thiab yuav ua li cas lawv ua hauj lwm.