Cell muaj nuj nqi nyob rau hauv lub cell chaw

Lub hlwb ntawm tag nrho cov uas muaj sia nyob muaj ib tug zoo qauv. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog tsim los ntawm cov cov ntshav membrane lub hnab ntawv nyob ib ncig ntawm nws (glycocalyx nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj los yog cell phab ntsa: Yog ho nphav kiag - ntawm chitin nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag - cellulose), cytoplasm (nyob rau hauv uas yog nyob organelles, txhua tus uas ua nws zog, cell center, e.g. koom nyob rau hauv lub division) thiab lub nucleus, uas tiv thaiv DNA (tshwj tsis yog rau prokaryotes).

cell organelles

Cov no muaj xws ribosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum thiab lub cell chaw. Nyob rau hauv cog hlwb kuj muaj tej organelles uas yog tshwj xeeb rau lawv - lub vacuole. Lawv noog pliaj yam plastids (chromoplasts, leucoplasts, chloroplasts, nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog kawg no tshwm sim photosynthetic txheej txheem). Lub zog ntawm cov cell center, mitochondria, ribosomes, thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb heev. Mitochondria ua si lub luag hauj lwm uas nws hwj chim tiam noj, muaj ib tug txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas intracellular respiration. Ribosomes yog lub luag hauj lwm rau zus tau tej cov nqaijrog los ntawm synthesizing lawv los ntawm tus neeg amino acids nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lub mRNA, uas ntaub ntawv kaw tseg rau tshuaj yuav tsum tau ntawm tes. Lysosomal zog yog nyob rau hauv lub cleavage tshuaj tebchaw siv enzymes, uas yog muaj nyob hauv lub organelle. Golgi apparatus sau thiab khaws tej yam tshuaj. Endoplasmic reticulum kuj muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv metabolism.

Cellular Center - qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi

Qhov no organelle yog hu ua tus centrosome. Lub zog ntawm cov cell chaw yog ib qhov nyuaj rau overestimate - tsis muaj no organelle yuav tsis yooj yim sua rau cell division. Nws muaj ob qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv no cell center yog zoo li tus ribosome, cov qauv ntawm cov uas kuj muaj xws li ob halves. Part centrosome hu ua centrioles, lawv txhua tus zoo li ib tug hollow lub tog raj kheej tsim ntawm microtubules. Lawv cov txheej txheem perpendicular mus rau txhua lwm yam. Lub zog ntawm cov cell chaw nyob rau hauv centrioles ntxaiv tsim thaum lub sij hawm mitosis los yog meiosis.

Raws li cov cell divides?

Muaj ob lub ntsiab txoj kev - meiosis thiab mitosis. cell chaw khiav dej num yog manifested nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si muaj dab. Thiab nyob rau hauv tus thawj thiab thib ob tus neeg mob, lub division yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ob peb ua sawv. Faib raws li nram no theem: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. Meiosis feem ntau ua rau ob sib law liag cell division, lub sij hawm nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog hu ua interphase. Li ntawd, cov txheej txheem ntawm hlwb nrog diploid chromosomes (ob chav) yog tsim muaj ntau hom kev haploid (tib). Cov nab npawb ntawm cov chromosomes thaum lub sij hawm mitosis yog tsis txo - tus ntxhais hlwb kuj muaj ib tug diploid. Muaj kuj yog ib txoj kev faib raws li amitosis. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov tub ntxhais, thiab ces tag nrho cov cytoplasm cia li phua nyob rau hauv ob. Qhov no hom tsis yog raws li ntau raws li cov thawj ob, nws tshwm sim feem ntau ntawm cov nyuaj. Cell chaw nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem no tsis yog muab kev koom tes.

Kev Koom Tes nyob rau hauv txoj kev uas cov cell chaw

Prophase txhais tau tias npaj rau tus txheej txheem ntawm mitosis los yog meiosis, lub nuclear membrane zom nws kav ntev npaum. Thaum lub sij hawm metaphase cell chaw yog kaw rau hauv ob cov centrioles. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, disperse rau opposite ncej ntawm lub cell. Rau ntawm no theem, cov chromosomes kab raws qhov ncaj. Ces lawv threaded ntxaiv uas txuas mus rau lub centrioles li ntawd txawv chromatids ntawm txhua chromosome tau txuas mus rau opposite centrioles. Thoob plaws txhua metaphase chromosome splits rau hauv cais chromatids uas centrioles cov hlua mus rau lub opposite tug nyiam. Thaum lub sij hawm telophase nuclear plhaub yog tsim, lub cytoplasm faib thiab thaum kawg tsim tus ntxhais lub hlwb.