Cais teeb meem nyob rau hauv lus Askiv: kev kawm ntawv thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov siv ntawm

Yog xav tau cov ntaub ntawv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau formulate cov nqe lus nug yog lawm. Nyob rau hauv lus Askiv, lub 5 hom sib txawv ntawm cov lus nug. Ib tug ntawm lawv - lub sib cais raug hais kom qhia ntxiv ib yam dab tsi los yog yuav ua nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej txoj cai.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov faib teeb meem nyob rau hauv lus Askiv?

Tag lus nug (los yog teeb meem nrog rau tus Tsov tus tw) yog ib feem ntawm txhua hnub hais lus. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, lawv sib haum mus rau cov kab lus "txoj cai", "tsis yog nws?" "Yog," ntxiv mus rau thaum xaus ntawm cov kab lus. Tej zaum tus Tsov tus tw ntawm qhov kev sib cais qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lus Askiv yog tsis txhais mus rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Qhov no yog muaj tseeb rau cov kev thov, nco, ua dab tsi, xws li ib tug tsis zoo ntxoov ntxoo, piv txwv li:

• Tsis txhob hu xov tooj rau kuv dua, yuav koj? ( "Tsis txhob hu kuv dua").
• Kaw lub qhov rais, yuav koj? ( "Close, thov qhov rais").

Classic versions ntawm teeb meem nrog rau tus Tsov tus tw pub rau hais kom nws cov interlocutor txog dab tsi kom tau ib tug tib los yog tsis zoo lo lus nug. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub Paub Faib teeb meem nyob rau hauv lus Askiv yog txawv los ntawm cov kev ntawm txoj kev ua lus nug, cov laus thiab cov hom phiaj. Tab sis cov lus teb rau lawv tej zaum yuav sib tshooj.

• Nws yog ntsim txias hnub no, tsis yog nws? - Tau, nws yog. ( "Hnub no yog txias heev, tsis yog nws? - Yog?").
• Koj tau ua li cas rau koj tus kheej, tsis tau koj? - Tsis muaj, kuv tsis muaj. ( "Koj twb ua li cas rau homework - Tsis muaj").

Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub thib ob rooj plaub no nws twb tau mus nug ib tug general lo lus nug, tab sis yog nws yuav tsis lolus, nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv nws yog misplaced: cov lus qhia nws tus kheej paub dab tsi cov huab cua yog tsim nyog.

Raws li ib txoj kev ntawm tag cov lus nug

Cov thawj zaug uas kawm nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm no hom ntawm lo lus nug - dab tsi yog hais tias tus kab lus affirmative, tus Tsov tus tw yuav tsis zoo thiab vice versa. Cias muab, yog tias ib tug tsis nco qab ua ntej qhov qhia txog kev yog tsis kam muab, nws yuav tshwm sim tom qab tus zauv point. Thiab yog hais tias tom ntej no mus rau lub qhia txog kev ua yog tsis zoo particle tsis yog, nws yuav ploj nyob rau hauv lub thib ob yog ib feem ntawm cov nqe lus nug.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus Paub Faib teeb meem nyob rau hauv lus Askiv yog ua noj mus rau hauv tus account lub sab nqaij daim tawv hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov predicate. Qhov yooj yim txoj kev uas yuav nkag siab txog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov qhia txog kev ua yuav tsum tau. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tej tus kuj yog ib yam kev kawm, yog hloov nyob rau hauv ib tug ponytail rau ib tug zoo xws li cov tus kheej hais lo lus.

• George yog ib tug kws kho mob, yog tsis yog nws? ( "George - Tus kws kho mob, tsis yog nws?")
• Koj niam koj txiv twb nyob rau hauv Spain kawg lub caij ntuj sov, twb tsis lawv? ( "Koj niam koj txiv twb nyob rau hauv Spain kawg lub caij ntuj sov, tsis yog nws?")
• Mary yuav kaum nyob rau hauv ob lub lis piam, yuav tsis yog nws? ( "Mary yuav yog 10 nyob rau hauv 2 lub lis piam, tsis yog nws?")

Thaum lub predicate muaj nqis semantic qhia txog kev ua (nyeem, pw tsaug zog, tsav), koj yuav tsum xub xyuas seb lub sij hawm ntawm lub tswv yim. Qhov no yuav pab kom lub kaw (-s nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no tense nyob rau hauv ntaub ntawv 3 tus neeg zoo tshaj; -ed ntawm kev verbs nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los tense). Yog hais tias qhov qhia txog kev yog ib qhov nyuaj kom paub txog, yog li ntawd, lub tswv yim nws yog siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm 2 los yog 3, nws yog tsim nyog los saib rau ntawm lub rooj ntawm lus verbs.

Rau tsis zoo tus Tsov tus tw nyob rau tam sim no lub sij hawm ua xav tau koom haum pab qhia txog kev ua los yog; nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los tense, ntsig txog, puas tau.

Lwm nthuav dav uas tso cai rau cov nkauj nraug teeb meem tswv English sai - yog them sai sai rau cov xov tooj ntawm cov lo lus nyob rau hauv lub predicate ua ntej tus zauv point. Yog hais tias qhov qhia txog kev yog ib tug (tab sis tsis hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov qhia txog kev yuav tsum tau) nyob rau hauv ib tug ponytail xav tau kev pab ua / tsis / ua (zoo li nyob rau cov qauv saum toj no). Yog hais tias ob los yog peb verbs, tus Tsov tus tw yuav tsum tsim nrog cov Thawj zaug ntawm lawv. Rau lub xeem cov ntaub ntawv yog ob qho tib si tsis yooj yim lub sij hawm (yav tom ntej, tam sim no ib tug ntev, ntev dhau los, tag nrho cov sij hawm kawg), thiab kev siv ntawm modal verbs. Qhov no yog muaj tseeb rau cov tsis zoo thawj ib feem thaum tus Tsov tus tw yuav zoo. Piv txwv li:

• a lot of money, hasn't he? Qhov no businessman tau ua ib tug ntau ntawm cov nyiaj , tsis tau nws?
• a tree faster than others, can't he? Koj tus kwv yuav nce ib tsob ntoo sai dua lwm tus neeg, tsis tau nws?
• for a walk today, are you? Koj tsis mus rau ib tug taug kev hnub no , yog koj?
• basketball, does she? Nws tus muam tsis nyiam basketball, puas nws?

Complex mob ntawm kev siv

Cov muaj xws li cov imperative mus ob peb vas, muaj ib tug tsis zoo adverb los yog hais lo lus, ib co kev zam. Confronted nrog lawv, nws yog tsim nyog los hloov nyob rau hauv ib tug ponytail tej qhia txog kev ua, yog tsis ib txwm ib tug uas tsim nyog predicate ntawm thawj feem.

Cov tseem ceeb kev mus pib nrog ib tug qhia txog kev ua, nrog rau cov Let 's tsis zoo los yog Don' t, lawv yog nyob rau lwm tog / -am, li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib tug ponytail yuav yeej ib txwm sawv qhov chaw koj, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm peb - peb. Piv txwv li:

• Mloog koj tus xib fwb zoo, yuav koj? ( "Ua tib zoo mloog tus xib fwb").
• Tsis txhob yuav lig, yuav koj? ( "Tsis txhob yuav lig").
• Cia peb mus tawm hmo no, peb yuav? ( "Cia peb mus qhov chaw niaj hnub no").

Tej lus tsis muaj leej twg, tsis muaj leej twg, ob peb, tsis muaj ntau , tsis muaj dab tsi, me ntsis, tsis, tsis yog tej yam, qhuav tej muaj ib tug tsis muaj nuj nqis, uas txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv lub proposals nrog lawv tom qab tus zauv point qhia txog kev ua yuav tsum yog nyob rau hauv lub affirmative, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub predicate (feem ntau yog ib tug negation). Lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug tsis zoo adverb (yeej tsis, tsuj tsawg, qhuav, tsis tshua , tsis pom qhov twg, tsis yog, nyuam qhuav) cia li yuav tsum tau ib tug zoo tiav ntawm cov kev kawm.

Zog, pib nrog ... Muaj, kom lo lus no nyob rau hauv ib tug ponytail tom qab lub koom haum pab qhia txog kev ua. Thaum kawg, tom qab kuv nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub kab lus no yuav tsum yog kuv?

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm suab

Los ntawm cov laus uas cov predetermined splitting lo lus nug nyob rau hauv nws cov caij nyoog lub ntsiab lus. Yog hais tias nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm qhov teeb meem tsub kom lub suab nrov ntawm lub suab, cov lus yog tsis paub tseeb txog cov xov xwm thiab xav tau cov lus teb. Yog hais tias lub downward suab, yuav tsum tau ib tug yooj yim kev paub ntawm articulated xav, feem ntau, cov lus nug no nug nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav muaj ib tug kev sib tham.

Yuav ua li cas los mus tsim cov lus teb rau cov lus nug hais txog qhov kev sib cais?

Ua ntej muab ib lo lus teb cue, rau kev tsom xam cov nqe lus nug nws tus kheej, tsis muaj tus Tsov tus tw: ib tug zoo los yog tsis zoo thawj feem yuav tsum tau txawv teb qauv. Tej yam yooj yim cov kev xaiv, thaum cov lus qhia siv lub affirmative predicate yuav tsum tau tib yam Yes thiab No, nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau ib tug general lo lus nug. Tom ntej no yog ib tug hais lo lus, coj mus rau qhov teeb meem kwv thiab cov koom haum pab qhia txog kev ua.

Ib me ntsis nyuaj rau teb cov lus nug ntawm qhov kev sib cais nyob rau hauv lus Askiv, thaum thawj yog tsis zoo. Thaum pom zoo nrog rau cov lus qhia, cov lus teb yuav tsum pib nrog Yes; tsis pom zoo - nrog No. Tom ntej no, qhov chaw thiab qhia txog kev ua koom haum pab. Piv txwv li:

• Karen yog ib tug zoo ntaus pob tesniv neeg uas ua ntawv, yog tsis yog nws? - Tau, nws yog (pom zoo).
• Peb yuav siv ib lub tsheb, tau tsis peb? - Tsis muaj, peb yuav tsis (tsis sib haum).
• Nws tsis tau xa rov qab mus rau hauv phau ntawv, koj puas tau nws? - Tsis muaj, nws tsis hu (kev tso cai).
• Nws tsis los nag feem ntau nyob ntawm no, ua li nws? - Tau, nws tsis (tsis sib haum).

Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau tsis quav ntsej txog kev kawm lus Askiv, sib cais teeb meem. Ce, xws li cov phau ntawv R. Murphy thiab qhov kev xyaum yuav pab kom kov yeej lub teeb meem txuam nrog rau qhov no grammatical phenomenon.