Berdan phom loj: specifications thiab cov duab. Scope phom Berdan

Tua tsiaj phom loj Berdan twb yog ib qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sij hawm. Tu siab, hnub no nws tsis yog zoo heev paub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm ntau txawv teb chaws qauv. Cuaj kaum, lub luag hauj lwm Berdan phom rau lub Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog yog invaluable. Lawv tau nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam rau ze li ntawm nees nkaum xyoo thiab yog li ntawd tag nrho tsim nyog muab nws rightful qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab riam phom.

zaj dabneeg

Creator phom Berdan yog ib tug American inventor. Nws yog nyob rau hauv nws yawm lawv muaj npe. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov thawj daim qauv los ntawm lub tshuab nyob rau hauv 1868. Nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1869 tus creator ntawm Berdan phom tuaj txog nrog lawv cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv Russia. Tshiab ib leeg-txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv phom loj tau qhia rau cov Lavxias teb sab Tsar. Nws yog ib heev qab ntxiag mus rau Alexander II. Huab tais muab ib tug decree muab nws rau lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib. Qhov ntawd yog li cas cov zaj dab neeg pib ntev kev pab cuam phom Berdan nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog. Keeb xeeb, cov nroj tsuag twb txiav txim los ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv ntawm peb caug txhiab luam. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau ib lub Hoobkas nyob rau hauv Choj Chaw nres nkoj pib lawm xya thiab ib tug ib nrab lab rounds ntawm cov mos txwv destined rau cov phom.

Tom qab ntawd, nws twb koom nyob rau hauv finalizing colonel ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog ntawm Alexander Gorlov thiab Lieutenant Gunius. Thiab twb nyob rau hauv 1870, tus laus tus qauv hloov los ntawm ib tug tshiab system Berdan phom loj - 2. Nws muaj ib tug swb rooj vag thiab mas suav hais tias tam sim no nyob rau hauv me me caj npab.

Peb caug-tsib hloov tau mob nyob rau hauv lub txiaj ntsim ntawm kev hloov kho ntawm tus thawj tsim. Lub tshiab qauv yog nkag tau rau GAU Commission. Nws honorably tau tiv thaiv tag nrho cov kev ntsuam xyuas thiab tau txais mus rau hauv qhov kev pab raws li lub "linear shooting ib phom loj."

kheej ntawm daim ntawv thov

Nws zoo heev ballistics yog vim li cas hais tias qhov no qauv siv los ntawm cov tub rog kuj nyob rau hauv skirmishing thiab kev kho mob ntawm lub melee. Qhov no phom loj twb siv nyob rau hauv lub khwb rog ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog tawm tsam cov Turkish janissaries los ntawm 1877 mus 1878. Lawv tsis xav tsis siv txawm tias thaum muaj phom Mosin Nagant los yog. Thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb ua ntej tsov rog, ib co tub rog raug rho tawm haujlwm lawv phom Berdan-2 caliber 10.75x58.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, tej riam phom tau ua. Txawm li cas los, nws muab tso rau lub stamp nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, xws li lub cev yog ib tug inscription: "Koltovsky riam phom Hoobkas. Hartford. America "thiab ib tug naj npawb. By pib ntawm Lavxias teb sab-Turkish tsov ua rog, lub Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog twb txog kaum yim txhiab phom Berdan. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm riam phom yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab nyob rau hauv cov tub rog ntawm Bulgaria nyob rau hauv tsov rog nyob rau hauv xyoo 1914. Hais txog peb caug txhiab luam ntawm tib lub sij hawm nws tau khiav tawm ntawm Russia mus rau lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Montenegro. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1995-96, thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog nyob rau hauv Ethiopia, nws yuav peb caug txhiab daim yeej ntawm peb tiam.

piav qhia

Ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm niaj hnub siv, qhov no ua tsov rog mas tiag tiag ib tug "dab." Nws ntev heev thiab es hnyav lub cev thiab ib tug cartridge nrog ib tug dub hmoov me ntsis rau xis shooting. Txawm li cas los, Yog hais tias koj saib nyob rau ntawm qhov riam phom hauv lub qhov muag ntawm nws lub contemporaries, ces muaj ntau yam zoo. Lub ntsiab Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb ib leeg-txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv phom loj Krnka thiab Carla nrog ib tug caliber ntawm 15,2 hli. Thiab nws yog nyob rau ntawm lawv cov tom qab nyob rau hauv cov xyoo, "Berdan phom loj" zoo li tiag tiag "melkashki" - lub teeb thiab elegant.

tsim nta

Berdan phom loj-2 yog nruab nrog ib rab phom moj khaum, tsim rau siab tshaj plaws ntau yam ntawm rau pua kauj ruam. Nws ya tsis muaj namushnike nyob rau ntawm ib tug txiav txim deb ntawm lub muzzle. Thiab txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub cev muaj tom tsim rau kho cov bayonet, thiab lub txaj nrog ib tug ncaj caj dab. "Berdan phom loj" yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug bayonet.

phom loj tsim yog tsis tshua muaj tej yam yooj yim. Nws txhais mechanism nrog ib tug mainspring thiab drummer yaum sij nyob hauv lub raj, uas ua ke nrog rau cov shutter, reclining rau ib tug transverse axis, ua hauj lwm heev ntseeg nkaws. Cov phom loj twb tsis txawm peem rau nrog extractor: cartridge mob cov tub rog yuav tsum tau extract manually. Yog li ntawd, surpassing nws lub contemporaries nyob rau hauv precision thiab raug ntawm hluav taws, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev kab ntsab, nws poob ib co ntawm lwm yam qauv.

Berdan phom loj-2 muaj tib lub thawv raws li nyob rau hauv thawj qhov teeb meem. Chiv, nws raug ua los ntawm walnut thiab tom qab - birch. Handguard twb kaw nrog lub thoob zawv zawg ib ncig ntawm lub screws. Muaj ob tug. Sights kuj muaj tib yam qauv, thiab tom tsim rau attaching bayonet yog nyob rau sab xis. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub bayonet twb hloov. Nws yog tsis tsau nyob rau hauv lub thoob, thiab nyob rau hauv txoj cai.

Txhav tas ntsia liaj qhov rooj nqa los ntawm nws cov kev sib hloov los ntawm plaub caug-tsib degrees. Qhov no yog tsis txaus rau xws li ib tug krupnokaliberki, shooting ib tug haib patron. Nyob rau tib lub Ridge, uas yog nruab nrog phom Berdan shutter so tiv thaiv tom qab phab ntsa rau lub receiver.

kev siv cov

Tab sis nyob rau hauv no txoj kev uas nws pib mus txog rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog. Siv cov phom loj yog yooj yim txaus. Thaum lub raj yog rho tshaj lub shank yaum sij yaum sij raj platoon txiav txim caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub rauj tau muab tso rau hauv platoon.

Ces, noj ib tug me me pob-zoo li tus kov, koj yuav tsum tau qhib lub qhov rooj thiab ntuav nws rau pem hauv ntej thiab mus txog, thauj ib phom loj. Tom qab kaw qhov phom yog npaj txhij rau hluav taws.

cartridge

Berdan phom loj raug rho tawm haujlwm extruded dag lub tes tsho raj mis-zoo li tus, hauv uas yog ib tug tooj dag khob rau lub hom phiaj ntawm strengthening lub hau, thiab ib tug central hau. Tus nqi ntawm cov nitrate hmoov-thee thiab xim av thee rau lub cavalry tiv kev txom nyem embodiment 1 sol, los yog 4,265 g Whereas phom loj Berdan-2 infantry raug rho tawm haujlwm nrog ib co cev ntas primer -. 1.19 huab, los sis tsib grams .. Nyob rau hauv cov hmoov nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv khob muab nws tus kheej prosalnik ua los ntawm lard tov nrog ciab. Nws yuav tsum tau mus mitigate chim fouling thiab zoo obturation. Lub cavalry chuck ob prosalnika tau muab. Cia nyias nyob rau hauv phom Berdan twb tog raj kheej-ogival, stamped, los ntawm ntshiab hmoov txhuas nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv wrapper. Nyob rau lawv lub hnub muaj ib qho kev indentation kev muab sab hauv lub kawg ntawm daim ntawv.

caliber

Muab pab tiv thaiv lub rifling los ntawm zasvintsovaniya txheej txheem. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog raug rho tawm hlau tes tsho, tsis txhob cia lub tsos ntawm longitudinal lem rau nyias qhov. Qhov no kho raws thaum lub sij hawm tsis yog ib yam thiab tshwm sim raws li lawv kis tau los ntawm cov channel ntawm lub thoob.

Mos txwv "berdanok" muaj tib caliber li chim. Nws tiv kev txom nyem 24,16 grams. Thaum raug rho tawm haujlwm, lub mos txwv yog ntev txaus rau cov ntsws nyob rau hauv ntev, muaj caliber thiab rifling sau. Tom qab nws ncaim wrapper ntawv nyob rau hauv cov huab cua thaum lub sij hawm siab kev sib hloov poob tawm. Sab nraum txhob osalivalis wrapper, li no zuj zus lawm lub sib haum xeeb nyob rau hauv lub thoob thaum lub sij hawm tua. Paub qhov txawv infantry cartridge los ntawm cov cavalry yog heev yooj yim. mus rau lub xeem mos txwv wrapping ntawv twb dawb lias nyob rau hauv liab, thaum lub sij hawm infantry cartridge yog dawb. Nws nyhav 39,4 grams.

Initial bullets rau infantry cartridge yog ceev nyob rau hauv 1414 ko taw, los yog 431 meters ib ob, thiab cov cavalry - 1188 m / s. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub no nws yog ib tug ob puas thiab peb cov kauj ruam punched hlau daim ntawv nrog ib tug ob thiab ib tug ib nrab millimeter tuab txhua. Whereas cavalry mos txwv yuav ua tib yam li, tiam sis los ntawm ib tug deb ntawm ib puas meters.

Qhuav nyob rau hauv Russia

Berdan phom loj-2 chiv tau kom nyob rau ntawm ib caj npab Hoobkas nyob rau hauv Birmingham. Tab sis nws sai sai no los ua khees tias cov tub rog caj npab ntawm xws li ib tug loj lub xeev raws li Russia, nyob rau hauv cov nuj nqis ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm txawv teb chaws yog tsis tau. Lub sij hawm tau tuaj thaum nws yog tsim nyog los tsim kom muaj domestic ntau lawm twb. Tab sis nws tsis yog ib qho yooj yim ua hauj lwm. Zus tau tej cov "berdanok" thiab cartridges rau lawv nyob rau hauv txoj cai kom muaj nuj nqis uas yuav tsum tau kom huv si modernize lub Lavxias teb sab caj npab kev lag luam. Thiab nws tau ua, tab sis tej lub zoo nqi thiab kuj zoo kawg dag zog. Los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 1872, txhua yam yog npaj nyob rau ntawm Tula caj npab Cog. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm peb twb nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias ua hauj lwm rau Sestroretsk thiab Izhevsk txhua yam factories.

Txij li thaum lub domestic engineering kev lag luam nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm yog tseem nyob rau hauv nws kiag, tag nrho cov tov, cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau yuav txawv teb chaws. Ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txhawb zus tau tej cov phom Berdan nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws ua si ib British cov kws txawj. Yuav kom tau raws cov kev xav tau ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog nyob rau hauv cartridges rau qhov riam phom nyob rau hauv 1869 nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg ua tau thiab nruab nrog lub tseeb machinery Hoobkas. Vim cov kev hloov los siv maj pib rearm cov tub rog tau nce domestic qauv.

nta

Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, cov phom loj Berdan yus zoo heev ballistics thiab raug. Kev tsis txaus siab Yog ua xwb xav tau caj npab mus rau xam lubrication. Ib txhia dissatisfaction muaj thiab txog qhov uas tsis muaj kev ntseeg ntawm tus firing mechanism.

Pros thiab cons

Phom loj thawj thiab thib ob qauv twb tsis tau singly thiab khw. Gunslinger yuav muab ib feeb mus rau kaum bullets nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog nrog ib tug ib nrab 'meter' deb ntawm ib puas meters. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb xam tau tias yog ib tug zoo tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los, riam phom infantry phom loj mas suav hais tias tsis heev tsis muaj hmoo: ua ntej, nws yuav tsum tau ib tug zoo muaj peev xwm mus tua los ntawm cov neeg tua hluav taws, thiab tib ob, nws yog tsim nyog los qhia lawv cov kev kho mob rau txog ib lub hlis. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov hinged shutter siv thiab txij nkawm ntawm no rab phom twb heev.

nqi ntawm

Berdan phom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog ib tug ob peb modifications, nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws niaj hnub no pom tau hais tias rarities. Nyob rau hauv zoo mob, nws yog heev yooj yim mus nrhiav tau. Cov muaj koob muaj npe thiab nyob rau hauv lub Soviet lub sij hawm tag nrho cov khoom muaj nyob rau hauv lub warehouses ntawm lub chaw xaiv tsa tau hloov nyob rau hauv lub tiaj-bore. Uas yog vim li cas niaj hnub no yog tsis tshua muaj heev tiag tiag Hoobkas phom loj Berdan. Nws nqi yog heev siab heev. Nws yog nyob ntawm cov qauv thiab cov nyob rau ntawm ntxiv lub xub ntiag. Attendance tseem ceeb yog cov kev mob ntawm qhov riam phom. Nyob rau nruab nrab infantry Berdan-2 yuav tau muas rau xya caum txhiab rubles thiab saum toj no.

Nyob rau hauv raws li muaj feem xyuam nyob rau hauv hnub no peb lub teb chaws tus tsim, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug kws tswv yim ntawm lub Ministry ntawm Culture kom paub txog cov kev cai tus nqi ntawm cov phom loj, nws muaj peev xwm legitimately yuav nyob rau hauv free ncig.