Architectural caij, cov uas tau los ntawm lub ancient Iyiv obelisk - ib tug ...

Qhov tsab xov xwm yuav tham txog dab tsi lub obelisk thaum thawj yug los, qhov no lub caij ntawm lub architecture, tsom xam cov keeb kwm ntawm lub Luxor obelisk.

architecture

Cov neeg tau yeej ib txwm muab tseem ceeb heev rau cov kawm Askiv, nrog rau architecture. Lub neej ntawm feem ntau ancient civilizations, peb paub feem ntau vim lub las vaj tse thiab cov ntsiab ntawm architectural style, piv txwv li, cov muaj xws li lub Mayan pyramids nyob rau hauv South America. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tsis yog txhua txhua cov neeg poob qab xws li ib tug tseem ceeb cim nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm, ib yam txawm hnub no lub tsev thiab lwm cov tuam tsev feem ntau siv raws li ib tug tswv yim teeb meem, thiab centuries-laus durability nrog sophisticated siv cov kev daws, lawv yeej tsis sib txawv.

Tej zaum cov feem ntau zoo-paub cov keeb kwm era - yog Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws. Thiab qhuas rau hnub no cov kab lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg no tam sim no tuag. Thiab, sib nrug los ntawm cov pyramids rau tam sim no hnub tau mus txog ib tug heev ib qho tseem ceeb mus rau lub ancient Egyptians, qhov no architectural caij, zoo li ib tug obelisk. Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi yog ib qho obelisk, raws li siv nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm? Qhov no yog dab tsi peb yuav tham.

txhais

Obelisks tau siv nyob rau hauv ancient Greece, tab sis muaj lawv nyob ntawm ib tug txhob txwm tswv yim muaj nuj nqis, rau piv txwv, raws li ib tug gnomon (tshwj xeeb tej yam tshwm sim, cov tsab clockwise) sundial. Thaum nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt Obelisk - ib tug cim ntawm lub hnub, thiab, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, ib tug ntawm cov nyiam cov ntsiab ntawm cov architecture thiab symbolism. Cia peb xav txog nyob rau hauv ntau yam keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg Iyiv obelisks thiab lawv lub hom phiaj.

Tus ntaus ntawv thiab lub sij hawm ntawm

Iyiv obelisk (yam tsawg kawg yog cov neeg uas ciaj mus no hnub) yog monoliths, uas tau carved los ntawm ib tug homogeneous thaiv ntawm pob zeb. cov ntaub ntawv uas protruding liab granite uas tau quarried nyob rau hauv Aswan. Thiab lawv tau ntsia tau rau hauv officers nrog kev nkag mus rau hauv lub tuam tsev.

Vim lub imperfections ntawm cov cuab yeej ua obelisks ntev heev thiab nyuaj. Piv txwv li, lub obelisk ntawm Hatshepsut carved rau xya lub hlis. Tam sim no peb paub tias dab tsi lub obelisk. Xav txog lub ntsiab yam ntxwv.

Lawv txhais tes tau ua los npog lub cim, uas nws phau ntawv nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob uas ceev rau cov glorification ntawm lub gods thiab pharaohs acting. Tej zaum, yog hais tias xws li ib tug kev tsim kho muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb lub ntsiab lus, nws twb loj nrog ib tug hlau kub thiab nyiaj. Txawm li cas los, ua li ntawd tsuas nrog lub hau ntawm lub obelisk. Yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws obelisk - ib tug tseem ceeb ntawm kev cai dab qhuas kev teev hawm thiab symbolism.

Historians tsis paub hais tias cov kos duab ntawm ua obelisks Egyptians muaj nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub 4 dynasty, tiam sis feem ntau ancient uas tau dim mus rau lub hnub tam sim no, hnub tim sis thib 5 ntawd Dynasty. Lawv txawv feature - ib tug me me luaj li cas, ib tug me ntsis ntau tshaj li peb meters. Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov uas tau dim rau peb lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv tib lub qhov chaw uas tau raug tsim, tus hiob yog lub obelisk ntawm Senusret. Ib tug siab tshaj plaws ntawm tag lawm - ib tug uas teem rau ntawm Karnak, nws qhov siab lawm 24 meters. Los ntawm txoj kev, raws li kwv lam kwv yees nws nyhav 143 tons. Raws li koj tau pom, lub obelisk - ib tug qauv uas yog heev txawv nyob rau hauv loj.

kis

Maj mam, lub obelisks ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws pib kis ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Tus thawj lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog ib tug zam rau lawv, twb Palestine thiab Phenicia. Txawm li cas los, qhov chaw uas lawv tau ua los yog nqus tau ntawm ib tug neeg theem, uas zoo heev simplifies lub tsim txoj kev. Tom ntej no obelisks pib kis mus rau lub Byzantine Empire, Assyria, thiab txawm Ethiopia. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm lawv twb exported rau cov Roman faj tim teb chaws. Piv txwv li, ib tug uas yog tam sim no muab tso rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub Lateran Basilica nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos, yog tsim los pab nyob rau hauv Karnak, nyhav 230 tons thiab nws qhov siab yog 32 meters. Txawm li cas los, thawj qhov uas ua tawm kom siab thaum tab tom nrhiav nyob rau ntawm no obelisk, yuav ua li cas nws thauj? Txawm niaj hnub no, lub carriage ntawm no cargo yog tsis xws li ib tug yooj yim ua hauj lwm.

Thaum lub sij hawm Renaissance lub sij hawm obelisks ua nrov Italian architects li cov ntsiab ntawm cov zuag qhia tag nrho pes tsawg leeg. Thiab ces, pib ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua li cov pej xeem txaus siab nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob thiab historians rau Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws, ntau lub teb chaws twb koom nyob rau hauv uas uncontrollably exported rau tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov kos duab khoom thiab antiques. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg rau lub Neva dej yog sphinxes, tab sis ob peb cov neeg paub hais tias lawv yog coj ncaj qha los ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws, thiab lub hnub nyoog ntawm ob peb txhiab xyoo.

peb lub sij hawm

Thiab niaj hnub no, lub obelisks yog heev nrov li ib tug architectural caij raws li ib tug standalone duab puab lub cim los yog monument. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog tus Washington Monument nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, nws qhov siab yog 169 meters.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, kis ntawm lub obelisks tau txais, pib nrog lub reign ntawm Catherine II, thiab tsim nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm cov tub rog yeej thiab achievements. Nws yog ua tau los mus txiav txim los ntawm lo lus "obelisk". Nws yog ib qho architectural monument, uas zoo li ib tug ncej, tapering upwards.

Obelisks maj poob tawm ntawm zam raws li ib tug tsim lub caij los yog architecture, tiam sis tau pib yuav tsum tau siv raws li ib tug monument ntawm cov tub rog lub yeeb koob. Piv txwv li, nws yog feem ntau tau kom tau raws li lub obelisks ntawm loj graves ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II. Thiab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lub zos yog monuments rau koj cov keeb kwm thiab cov tub rog nuj nqis ntawm lub xyoo dhau los, piv txwv li, ib tug obelisk nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm Minin thiab Pozharsky nyob rau hauv Nizhny Novgorod, on-site hais kom ua post Suvorov rau hauv lub teb ntawm Borodino , thiab lwm tus neeg.

Luxor obelisk

Nyob rau hauv 1831, tus tswv xeev ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws Mehmet Ali muab Fabkis Luxor Obelisk, uas yog Ameslikas tsa nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm Ramses II. Twb tau nyob rau Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1833 nws raug coj mus rau Paris thiab tom qab lub noob nom noob tswv lub rooj sib tham yog teem rau lub chaw de la Concorde, qhov twg hnub no koj yuav saib tau lub obelisk. Photo courtesy of nws me ntsis siab dua. Lub sab ib feem qhia tau hais tias tus txheej txheem ntawm lub monument ntawm tus me nyuam.