Architects ntawm St. Petersburg - uas yog lawv?

Ntiaj teb no-nrov kev cai capital ntawm Russia - Saint Petersburg - captivates tsis tau tsuas yog nyob hauv zos, tiam sis kuj txhiab tus neeg tuaj xyuas koj uas xav mus xyuas lub nroog ntawm choj, thiab cov Dawb Nights. Yuav ua li cas yog li ntawd txaus nyiam St. Petersburg thiab uas tau ua nws txoj kev uas peb paub tias nws tam sim no?

Pib ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm St. Petersburg

Founder ntawm lub nroog yog ib tug zoo reformer thiab Tsar Peter I. impressed nrog lub architecture thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub thaj teb chaws nws mus xyuas, Peter kuv txiav txim siab los tsim ib lub nroog nyob rau hauv Russia, yog tsis inferior mus rau lub kev zoo nkauj thiab elegance ntawm European capitals. Yog li pib qhov kev siv ntawm St. Petersburg.

Tus huab tais tsis yog ib tug fanatical supporter ntawm tag nrho western, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm mus rau extract lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm koj pom dab tsi thiab hloov nws mus rau Lavxias teb sab tej yam kev mob. Architects ntawm St. Petersburg, uas nws ntiav los ntawm txawv teb chaws, tau zoo-paub masters ntawm no khoom siv tes ua nyob rau hauv cov European lub teb chaws.

Ntawm lawv, Jean-Baptiste Leblond los ntawm Fabkis thiab Domenico Trezzini los ntawm ltalis. Lawv ua hauj lwm tsis yog nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm cov vaj tse nyob rau hauv raws li cov tastes thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub nroog, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm ntawm architects faj tim teb chaws no nyuaj kos duab. Yuav kom txhawb neeg txawv teb chaws Peter Kuv tau them lawv ib tug ntau dua nqi zog tshaj lub Lavxias teb sab masters.

Architects ntawm St. Petersburg

Ib qho ntawm thawj architects nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1703 mus 1716 yog Domenico Trezzini - tus neeg sawv cev ntawm hauv thaum ntxov Baroque. Ntawm nws cov tej yaam num - qhov kev siv ntawm Kronshlot (artillery fort rau kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov Swedes); thawj general txoj kev npaj ntawm lub nroog; txoj kev loj hlob lub hom phiaj ntawm Vasilyevsky Island; npaj rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub Cathedral ntawm Peter thiab Paul Fortress, lub caij ntuj sov Palace, lub tsev ntawm lub Kaum Ob tug Colleges. Cov style ntawm kes duab lub vajtse hloov nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub surrounding kev muaj tiag. Tus thawj tej yaam num (nyob rau hauv particular, tswb pej thuam ntawm tus Cathedral ntawm SS Peter thiab Paul) embody lub hnyav Scandinavian style nyob rau hauv architecture. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv tus ntawm kev lig kev cai thiab style ntawm Lavxias teb sab masters ntawm architectural ntaub ntawv Trezzini coj ib tug softer zoo.

Raug cov nyhuv tib yam thiab lwm yam architects ntawm St. Petersburg: particular Lavxias teb sab ntsuj plig thiab yam ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman mus ua teeb meem loj kev kho me ntsis nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim tus txheej txheem thiab zoo nkauj views ntawm architects.

Tsis muaj tsawg ib qho tseem ceeb pab rau lub nroog txoj kev loj hlob los ntawm Johann Georg Mattarnovi, German kws kes duab vajtse, tuaj txog nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv 1714. Nws coj qhov kev siv ntawm ob peb cov vaj tse - tus thib ob ntawm lub caij ntuj no Palace, lub tsev ntawm lub Kunstkamera, St. Ixaj tus Cathedral. Tab sis tom qab nws cia li tuag nyob rau hauv 1719, tau pib ua kom tiav cov kws kes duab vajtse Nikolaus Gerbel.

Lwm zoo heev kws kes duab vajtse, uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb capital - Frenchman Jean-Baptiste Leblond. Nws yog tus sau ntawm cov thawj general txoj kev npaj ntawm lub nroog. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov kws kes duab vajtse tau tsim ib tug layout ntawm lub caij ntuj sov vaj, raws li zoo raws li chaw ua si thiab lub vaj nyob rau hauv Strelna thiab Peterhof (nyob rau hauv particular, nws ua lub Hermitage, Monplaisir, muaj koob muaj npe lag thiab pavilions Marley).

Ib qho ntawm thawj tej yaam num yog ib tug monumental Menshikov Palace, uas nws siv pib nyob rau hauv 1710 nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Giovanni Maria Fontana, thiab tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv 1720 twb Johann Schedel. Lub tsev twb ua tau lub tsev rau tus tsiaj ntawm tus huab tais - tub huabtais Alexander Menshikov.

Lub architects uas ua St. Petersburg, ua hauj lwm rau tiam. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1716 nyob rau hauv lub nroog nrog nws tsev neeg thiab pab tuaj txog Bartolomeo Karlo Rastrelli, xaus lus ib tug peb-xyoo daim ntawv cog lus nrog tus huab tais. Kes duab lub vajtse twb koom nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm ib tug tag nrho pawg ntawm reliefs rau cov neeg pej xeem Cascade ntawm Peterhof; Kuv tsim ib qho kev Equestrian monument rau Peter Kuv (muab tso rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub Mikhailovsky Palace), raws li zoo li ob peb portraits ntawm tus huab tais thiab nws cov "ciab daim duab".

Cov thawj ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse ntawm St. Petersburg

Leej Tub Palaumais Sr. - Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli - tuaj mus rau lub zos nrog nws txiv thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15 xyoo. Education, nws muaj nyob rau hauv xws koj architects li Domenico Trezzini, N. Michetti, M. Zemtsov thiab A. Shlyutter. Rastrelli Jr. ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, hais txog tsib caug xyoo, tsim li no lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb no-nrov vaj tse: Cov Catherine Palace nyob rau hauv Tsarskoye selo, suav Stroganov tsev thiab Vorontsov, Grand Peterhof Palace. Cov kws kes duab vajtse ntawm lub caij ntuj no Palace nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg - thiaj hu ua Bartolomeo Rastrelli, embodied nyob rau hauv no txoj tag nrho nws cov kev txawj ntse. Siv cov kev faib ntawd kub ntev li ntawm 1754 mus 1762. Thaum nws kawm tiav, lub palace yog lub ntsiab lub qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub imperial lub caij ntuj no. Lub tsev no nyob rau hauv lub Baroque style. Nws yog tus kawg monumental tsev, embodies cov style ntawm ntxias uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no cov kev taw qhia.

Nws tshwm sim li ntawd, vim hais tias qhov thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov XVIII xyoo pua yog yus muaj los ntawm ceev hloov nyob rau hauv nyiaj txiag kev sib raug zoo thiab tastes ntawm lub neej, uas coj mus rau lub ceev ceev extinction ntawm baroque pop.

Cov kws kes duab vajtse ntawm lub caij ntuj no Palace nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg muaj tej ib tug tiag tiag kev puas vim hais tias ntawm tus ntse tsis txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub architectural style ntawm nws lub neej muab txoj kev uas yuav classicism. Nws yog tsis tshua muaj tswv dim lub era ntawm flow, nyob rau hauv uas nws ua hauj lwm. Rastrelli rau nws yog ib tug tiag tiag tshuab.

Nyhuv rau txawv teb chaws architecture Lavxias teb sab

Tus thawj ib nrab ntawm cov XVIII xyoo pua los ua ib tug landmark nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab architecture. Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias cov naas ej architects ntawm St. Petersburg twb txawv teb chaws, lawv lom zem ntau txiav txim txoj kev loj hlob ntawm architecture nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman, muab nws ib co Western tiam sis. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm masters lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ib puag ncig, kev lis kev cai thiab kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg thiab nws lub ntiaj teb muaj hloov hauv cov style ntawm lawv ua hauj lwm, adapting rau lub tastes thiab nyiam cov neeg muas zaub.