Anti-tank phom Degtyarev. Anti-tank phom ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II

Zaj duab xis "txhiab ntawm ib tug peeb zeej" qhib nrog ib tug scene tag nrho ntawm qee. Soviet-communicator warrior pursues ib tug German tank, nkaum tus hluas untried tub rog mus, nws sau ib lub tshuab ntawm steel yog hais txog mus caum nrog nws thiab crush. Ib tug tub rog pom ib tug neeg pov anti-tank phom Degtyarev. Thiab nws siv poob nthav ntsaws sij hawm rau txoj kev cawm seej. Nws yub ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tshuab thiab haub ntxias kom nws. Nws yog nce lwm tank, tab sis lub communicator yog tsis yug dua tshiab thiab nws Burns heev.

"Qhov no yuav tsis tau! - Niaj hnub no yuav qhia rau lwm cov "kws txawj tub rog yav dhau los." - Tsis txhob chob tank armor nrog ib rab phom! "-" Koj ua tau! "- yuav teb cov lus uas muaj me ntsis no yuav zoo dua. Inaccuracy nyob rau hauv cov zaj duab xis kheej tej zaum yuav tau ua, tab sis nws kev txhawj xeeb tsis yog lub kev sib ntaus los muaj peev xwm ntawm cov hoob kawm no muaj riam phom, thiab chronology.

Ib me ntsis txog tactics

Anti-tank phom tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub thirties ntawm lub XX xyoo pua nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws. Lawv ciali heev zajlus kom thiab tsim nyog daws mus rau qhov teeb meem ntawm confrontation armored tsheb ntawm lub sij hawm. Lub artillery yog mus yuav tus thawj txhais tau tias ntawm combating nws, thiab lub PTR - theem nrab, tab sis ntau mobile. kev offensive tactics tsum tawm tsam los ntawm tank wedges uas dozens, txawm pua pua ntawm cov tshuab, tab sis tus nres kev vam meej twb hais tseg los ntawm Yuav ua tau ib lub yam concentration ntawm pab tub rog pom tsis tau tus yeeb ncuab. Kom kov yeej lub fortified tiv thaiv kab, nruab nrog muaj tej cuab yeej tho artillery, nrog ib tug sawb ntawm minefields thiab engineering lug (zaj hniav, hedgehogs, etc.), yog ib tug teeb meem ntawm adventurous thiab fraught nrog tsis loj nyiaj ntawm cov khoom. Tab sis yog hais tias tus nrog sib ntaus mam li nco dheev tsis zoo tiv thaiv seem ntawm pem hauv ntej, yuav muaj tsis muaj lub sij hawm rau lus tso dag. Peb yuav tau urgently "patching qhov" nyob rau hauv tus tiv thaiv, pov phom thiab infantry, uas tseem yuav tsum tau khawb. Sai sai xa cov nyiaj phom nrog mos txwv nyob rau hauv lub txaus ntshai cheeb tsam yog ib qhov nyuaj. Ntawm no thiab pab anti-tank rab phom. PTRD - riam phom kuj compact thiab pheej yig (ntau pheej yig dua tshaj phom). Lawv yuav ua tau ib heev, thiab ces equip lawv tag nrho cov kev sib cais. Cia li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Cov tub rog, ua ntaj riam thaiv lawv, tej zaum cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam tsis perezhgut, tab sis muaj peev xwm ncua qhov pib. Lub sij hawm yuav tsum yeej, qhov hais kom ua yuav muaj lub sij hawm mus rub li lub ntsiab quab yuam. Peb xav tias yog li ntawd ntau generals nyob rau hauv lub lig thirties.

Yog vim li cas peb cov tub rog Corporate PTR

Yog vim li cas hais tias nyob rau hauv lub USSR txoj kev loj hlob thiab zus tau tej cov anti-tank phom nyob rau hauv lub prewar xyoo twb suab curtailed dog dig, tab sis thawj ntawm lawv yog tus tsuas yog offensive tub rog tej lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub Red Army. Ib txhia kws tshuaj ntsuam taw tes rau lub liam tsis muaj kev ras paub txog ntawm lub Soviet coj noj coj ua, rau overestimate cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm armor tiv thaiv ntawm tus German tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab thiaj li tau ua lub tsis ncaj ncees lawm xaus txog cov uas tsis muaj efficiency ntawm SSS raws li ib tug riam phom hauv chav kawm ntawv. Muaj txawm ua tim khawv rau tus Thawj Glavartupra G. I. Kulika, nws opined. Tom qab ntawd nws muab tawm hais tias txawm lub 14.5-hli anti-tank phom Rukavishnikova ATR-39, saws nyob rau hauv 1939, saws lub Red Army thiab ib xyoos tom qab abolished, nws yuav chob lub cuab yeej ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov khoom, uas muaj lub Wehrmacht nyob rau hauv 1941.

Yuav ua li cas lub Germans tuaj

Soviet ciam teb dhau Hitler tus tub rog nrog tso tsheb hlau luam nyob rau hauv excess ntawm peb txhiab. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj los soj ntsuam no armada ntawm meej mom, yog hais tias tsis siv cov qauv ntawm cov kev sib piv. Tseeb tso tsheb hlau luam (T-34 thiab HF) nyob rau hauv lub Red Army yog tsawg npaum li cas, tsuas yog ib ob peb puas. Yog li ntawd, tej zaum tus Germans khoom yog hais txog cov tib zoo raws li peb, cov quantitative superiority? Qhov no yog tsis yog li ntawd.

Tank TI yog tsis yog ib qho yooj yim, nws yuav hu ua guideshoe. Yog tsis muaj phom, nrog ib tug neeg coob ntawm ob tug neeg, nws tiv kev txom nyem ib tug me ntsis ntau tshaj ib lub tsheb. Degtyarev antitank phom loj coj mus rau kev pab nyob rau hauv lub Autumn ntawm 1941, nws tau raug chob cai los ntawm kev. German T-II yog tsis zoo npaum li cas, nws muaj ib tug Bulletproof booking thiab luv luv-phom caliber 37 hli. Tseem muaj ib tug T-III, uas yuav sawv lub tshuab PTR yas dhos, tiam sis tsuas yog thaum ntaus nyob rau hauv lub frontal ib feem, tab sis nyob rau hauv lwm yam zoo xws chaw ...

Lwm "Panzerwaffe" yog Czech, Polish, Belgian, Fabkis thiab lwm yam yog tej tshuab (lawv muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho), hnav, outdated thiab tsis zoo secured qhov chaw. Qhov tseeb hais tias ib yam ntawm lawv yuav ua anti-tank phom Degtyarev, ib zaug thiab tsis xav kom xav tias.

"Tsov" thiab "Panthers" yog cov Germans tom qab nyob rau hauv 1943.

Lub resumption ntawm ntau lawm

Nws yog ib tug tribute rau Stalin tus coj noj coj, los kho yuam kev nws skillfully. Qhov kev txiav txim mus rov pib dua ua hauj lwm rau lub PTR tau ua lub hnub tom qab tsov rog pib. Qhov tseeb refutes lub version ntawm cov tsis muaj kev paub txog hais txog lub twv armored tej zaum Wehrmacht, ib hnub twg yuav tau txais tej ntaub ntawv tsuas tsis yooj yim sua. Lub ceev (tsawg tshaj li ib lub hlis twb siv rau zus tau tej cov kev sim units) sib txeeb tau tuav ob kuaj, yuav luag npaj txhij tso rau hauv ntau lawm. Anti-tank phom loj Simonov tsom tau zoo, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub hauj nam ntawm lub inferior thib ob xeem PTR. Nws yog yooj yim dua nyob rau hauv lub ntaus ntawv, thiab kuj hnyav zog, uas kuj pab cov Commission txoj kev txiav txim. Nyob rau hauv lub xeem hnub ntawm lub yim hli ntuj Degtyarev antitank phom loj twb officially txais yuav los ntawm lub Red Army thiab muab tso rau hauv ntau lawm nyob rau ntawm ib caj npab Hoobkas nyob rau hauv Kovrov, thiab nyob rau hauv ob lub hlis - nyob rau hauv Izhevsk. Peb lub xyoo lawv tau ua ntau tshaj li 270 txhiab daim.

thawj soj ntsuam

Qhov kawg ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj 1941 qhov teeb meem no hloov zuj zuj nyob rau hauv catastrophic. Lub avant-garde ntawm lub Wehrmacht tuaj rau Moscow ob xaiv yaam echelon ntawm lub Red Army yuav luag tau crushed nyob rau hauv lub loj heev "huam", ib tug lossis loj cheeb tsam ntawm lub European ib feem ntawm lub USSR nyob rau hauv lub luj taws ntawm lub invaders. Nyob rau hauv cov tshwm sim, lub Soviet cov tub rog tsis tau poob lub plawv. Tsis artillery nyob rau hauv txaus qhov ntau, cov tub rog tsom heroism thiab tiv thaiv nrog tso tsheb hlau luam, siv grenades thiab Molotov cocktails. Txoj cai tawm lub rooj sib txoos kab ib tug tshiab riam phom qhia rau pem hauv ntej. 16 Kaum ib hlis 1075 cov tub rog infantry tso kom muaj kab muaj kev ntawm lub 316th Division, tua peb tus yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam, siv PTRD. Photo heroes thiab Nazi kos duab burnt lawv luam tawm Soviet ntawv xov xwm. Tsis ntev ua raws li los ntawm ib tug sequel, nyob rau hauv Lugovoi pib haus luam yeeb plaub tank yav tas los yuav tsum yeej xwb Warsaw thiab Paris.

txawv teb chaws MFI

Newsreel tsov rog xyoo pheej yuav peb cov tub rog nrog anti-tank phom. Reflected thiab lub sijhawm uas nws battles nrog lawv siv nyob rau hauv feature films (e.g., nyob rau hauv ib tug masterpiece S. Bondarchuk "Lawv tiv thaiv rau lub tsev"). Fabkis, American, British thiab German cov tub rog nrog PTRD documentary kaw rau keeb kwm ntau npaum li cas tsawg. Qhov no txhais hais tias tus anti-tank phom ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II twb mas Soviet? Yuav kom ib co raws li, yawg. Nyob rau hauv xws ntau ntawm no riam phom twb ua xwb nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Tab sis ua hauj lwm rau nws twb nyob rau hauv teb chaws Aas Kiv (Boyce system) thiab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees (PzB-38, PzB-41), thiab hauv teb chaws Poland (lub UR), thiab Finland (L-35), thiab nyob rau hauv lub Czech koom pheej (MSS-41) . Thiab txawm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab Switzerland (S18-1000). Lwm cov khoom uas engineers ntawm tag nrho cov, tsis muaj kev ua xyem xyav, technologically "advanced" lub teb chaws muaj tsis tau muaj peev xwm tshaj Lavxias teb sab riam phom rau nws simplicity, elegance kev daws teeb meem, thiab qhov zoo tshaj thiab. Thiab coolly firing ib rab phom mus rau hauv lub sibtshuam tank tawm ntawm lub trench, tsis yog txhua tug tub rog muaj peev xwm ua. Peb ua tau.

Lub chob armor?

PTRD muaj txog kev kawm ntawv tib yam ntxwv raws li lub antitank phom loj Simonov, tab sis nws yog yooj yim rau nws (17.3 vs. 20,9 kg) thiab luv luv (2000 thiab 2108 hli, ntsig txog) thiab raws kev yooj yim thiab, thiaj li, tsawg lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau tu thiab yooj yim los qhia shooters. Tej yam zoo piav qhia txog lub xeev Commission muab nyiam, txawm lub fact tias PTSD yuav hluav taws ib tug loj npaum li cas vim ua pyatipatronnogo khw. Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm no ua tsov rog tseem muaj lub peev xwm mus txeem armor tiv thaiv los ntawm ntau yam mus. Qhov no yuav tsum tau xa ib tug tshwj xeeb hnyav mos txwv los ntawm ib tug hlau tub ntxhais (thiab, optionally, nrog ib tug ntxiv caws nplaum xwb tshuab txais tom qab dhau los ntawm lub barrier) ib tug txaus siab npaum li cas.

tho

Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm uas cov anti-tank phom Degtyarev yog txaus ntshai rau armored tsheb ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, - ib nrab ib tug kilometer. Los ntawm no nws yog ua tau rau muaj kev cuam tshuam lwm lub hom phaj, xws li bunkers, bunkers, raws li zoo raws li lub dav hlau ya. cartridge loj yog 14.5 hli (qib B-32 pa armor-tho caws nplaum los yog BC-41 nrog tej hub superhard taub). Length hnov munition projectile cannons, 114 hli. Ze lub hom phiaj lesion nrog lub reservation ntawm 30 cm tuab yog 40 mm, thiab ib puas meters no mos txwv nkaug 6 cm.

raug

Raug ntawm tau txiav txim txoj kev vam meej ntawm shooting nyob rau feem ntau yooj yim qhov chaw ntawm cov yeeb ncuab cov cuab yeej. Kev pab tiv thaiv tau raug tsis tu ncua tuaj, yog li cov tub rog raug tso tawm thiab kom sai kho cov lus qhia kom yuav ua li cas zoo tshaj plaws los mus thov lub anti-tank rab phom. Cov niaj hnub tswvyim ntawm kev sib ntaus los armored tsheb cia li coj mus rau hauv tus account tau ntog mus rau hauv lub weakest cov ntsiab lus. Thaum tua nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam nrog puas-meter deb ntawm 75% ntawm cov mos txwv ntes tau nyob rau hauv lub zej zog ntawm 22-centimeter phiaj chaw.

tsim

Txawm tej yam yooj yim kev daws teeb meem, txheej thaum ub, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav. WWII riam phom feem ntau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv yooj yim tej yam kev mob vim lub yuam khiav tawm thiab cov txiag kev cob qhia nyob rau hauv unprepared cheeb tsam (nws tshwm sim hais tias tej lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub qhib cua). Peb dim no txoj hmoo Kovrovsky thiab Izhevsk factories, uas txog thaum 1944 ua PTRD. Anti-tank phom Degtyarev, dua li cov simplicity ntawm tus dais, uas sib txuas ntxiv ntawm tag nrho cov achievements ntawm Lavxias teb sab armourers.

Chim yog threaded, vosmizahodny. Qhov pom yog lub feem ntau, nrog rau pem hauv ntej pom thiab lis-sawb (txog li 400 m thiab 1 km). PTRD them raws li ib tug dog dig phom loj, tab sis ib tug muaj zog thaws tau coj mus rau lub xub ntiag ntawm lub thoob nres thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav poob siab absorber. Rau kom yooj yim, tus kov muab (rau nws yuav kom ib tug nqa cov tub rog) thiab bipod. Txhua tsav txhua yam: sear, rauj mechanism, receiver, Tshuag thiab lwm yam phom loj cwj pwm, xeeb nrog cov ergonomics, uas yeej ib txwm tau nto moo rau Lavxias teb sab riam phom.

kev pab cuam

Nyob rau hauv lub teb, cov rhuav ua ntau zaus, muab tshem tawm thiab disassembly ntawm lub rooj vag li cov feem ntau polluting unit. Yog hais tias qhov no yog tsis txaus, nws yog tsim nyog los tshem tawm cov bipod, pob tw, ces lauj tus txhais thiab detach tus swb nres. Thaum uas tsis muaj kub, txias-resistant roj yog thov, txwv tsis pub tus ib txwm phom roj tooj 21. Xws li tu pas nrig (collapsible), oiler, ntswj ntsia hlau, ob bandolier, ob dej-resistant tarpaulin cover (ib tug nyob rau txhua sab ntawm koj lub phom) thiab official daim ntawv, nyob rau hauv uas muaj mob ntawm cov kev kawm thiab kev sib ntaus los siv, raws li tau zoo raws li misfiring thiab failures.

Kauslim

Nyob rau hauv 1943, German kev lag luam pib tsim nruab nrab thiab hnyav tso tsheb hlau luam nrog ib tug haib protivosnaryadnym booking. Soviet rog txuas ntxiv mus siv PTRD tiv thaiv lub teeb, tsawg tiv thaiv cov tsheb, raws li zoo raws li mus suppress cov firing cov ntsiab lus. Thaum lub kawg ntawm tsov rog qhov yuav tsum tau rau anti-tank phom zoo. Yuav kom tshwj kom txhob lub seem German tso tsheb hlau luam haib artillery thiab lwm yam zoo riam phom siv nyob rau hauv 1945. Ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog II tas. Nws ciali hais tias lub sij hawm PTRD irretrievably ploj mus. Tab sis tsib xyoo tom qab ntawd nws tau pib lub Korean ua tsov ua rog, thiab cov "laus phom" rov pib shooting, txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub yav tas los cov phoojywg - lub Americans. Nws muaj armed North Kauslim tub rog thiab cov PLA, uas tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov ceg av qab teb mus txog rau thaum 1953. American tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm lub postwar tiam feem ntau khaws cia ntog, tab sis muaj ib txhua leej txhua tus. PTRD siv thiab yuav ua li cas lub huab cua tiv thaiv txhais tau tias.

Lub post-tsov rog keeb kwm

Qhov kuaj pom ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm ib tug zoo ua tsov rog nrog nws zoo xav kom zoo rau ib co zoo siv rau nws. Kaum ntawm txhiab ntawm chav nyob tau raug khaws cia nyob rau hauv cov roj nplua nyeem. Yuav ua li cas los tiv thaiv-tank phom yuav tsum tau siv? Niaj hnub nimno tiv thaiv reservation tank mas txawm ntaus TSHAV KUB projectile, tsis hais lub pas dej (txawm yog hais tias nws yog nrog ib tug ntxhais thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb taub). Nyob rau hauv lub 60th txiav txim siab los PTRD yuav mus yos hav zoov cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj thiab whales. Lub tswv yim yog zoo, tab sis nws yog ib yam nkaus thiab hnyav no tshaj plaws. Nws yog tseem tau mus ua sniper hluav taws ntawm ib tug deb ntawm txog rau ib tug kilometer ntawm xws li ib tug phom, lub siab thawj zaug tshaj tawm tso cai rau tua heev meej nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug kho qhov muag pom. Armor BMP los yog BTR PTRD lov tau yooj yim, yog li ntawd, riam phom niaj hnub no yog tsis ua poob lawm nws qhov tseeb. Li ntawd, yog nws nyob rau hauv warehouses, tos nyob rau hauv lub tis ...