Ancient Roman architecture: nruj splendor

Ancient Rome yog ciav tsis tau tsuas yog rau nws cov tub rog yav dhau los. Rau ntau tshaj txhiab-xyoo keeb kwm ntawm lub xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov neeg Loos muab zoo heev raws li txoj cai lub moj khaum, nteg lub lub hauv paus ntawm comedy thiab satire, rhetorical kos duab. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov qhuas niaj hnub no yog cov kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam thiab engineering uas tseg rau tom qab architecture ntawm ancient Rome. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tsim kho thiab engineering Ancient Roman faj tim teb chaws yog muab faib mus rau hauv peb lub ntsiab sij hawm: lub Republican, Imperial thiab lub sij hawm ntawm lub Principate thiab tus thawj.

Ancient Rome: koom pheej lub sij hawm architecture (mid VI - nruab nrab kuv pua BC.)

Yog hais tias koj xav tau ib lo lus los piav qhia txog lub sij hawm no, lawv yuav los ua ib tug "qhob." Nws twb ces yees ib tug tshwj xeeb pes tsawg leeg muaj pumice, volcanic tshauv, txiv qaub thiab cov tsiaj qus pob zeb. Qhob tau los ua ib tug txhob nyob rau hauv lub tau ntawm lub tsev tshwj xeeb hom ntawm cov vaj tse - high-sawv, uas nyob rau hauv uas lub sij hawm ntawm keeb kwm tau yus thiaj tau tuaj rau lub Roman Republic. Nrog rau lub pob zeb siv tuff, cib thiab marble.

Ancient Roman architecture ntawm lub sij hawm uas yog yus muaj los ntawm ob hom ntawm cov vaj tse - peripter (lub) thiab cov rotunda (round-zoo li tus tsev). Nyob rau hauv lub tsim thiab kev siv ntawm tej vaj tse muaj ntaub plaub kev txiav txim - Doric, Ionic, Corinthian thiab Tuscan. Nrog lawv pab, cov classical monuments tau ua - basil Caesar, lub tuam tsev ntawm Vesta, tus tshiab lub rooj sab laj, lub tuam tsev ntawm Venus. Ces muaj cov kev lig kev cai ntawm dai pej xeem qhov chaw nrog monumental saum, nyob rau hauv qhov kev kawm ntawm uas raug tshoov siab los ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws.

Ancient Roman architecture ntawm cov Republican sij hawm muab ntxiv rau qhov kev siv thiab kev siv cov monumental txoj kev, khov kho choj thiab, ntawm chav kawm, aqueducts (cov kav dej). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov invention ntawm qhob tso cai rau muaj xws li engineering khaub ncaws ntau arches, vaults thiab ncaws, raws li zoo raws li raug nyob rau hauv uas lub sij hawm ntawm keeb kwm tsuas mus rau tim Loos tus high-sawv vaj tse.

Imperial lub sij hawm - lub heyday ntawm lub classical architectural xav (kuv pua BC -. II ntawm xyoo pua AD.)

Rigor thiab monumentality ua ke nrog cov khoom kim heev - uas yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm architecture ntawm ancient Rome uas lub sij hawm. Pib nws, thiab cia li tag nrho cov thoob lub Roman faj tim teb chaws, muab tso rau lub zoo Oktavian Avgust. Nws yog nyob rau hauv nws coj noj coj ua los ntawm engineering xyaum nyob rau hauv ob txoj hauj lwm tawm cib. Tsim ib tug tshiab lub rooj sab laj, lub hlaws muaj nqis uas ua lub tuam tsev ntawm Mars lub Avenger, lub tuam tsev ntawm Apollo, lub tsev ua yeeb yam ntawm Marcellus. Tshiab architectural sib tau ua ntawv thov cov frescoes ntawm cov phab ntsa tsev thiab rau nws kim heev kev siv ntawm precious pob zeb thiab kub nyob rau hauv sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj.

Tiam sis ib tug ua txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm architecture mus rau lub Flavian Dynasty thiab huab tais Trajan. Lawv reign yog tab tom ua lub Pantheon ( "Tuam Tsev ntawm tag nrho cov gods") thiab cov Colosseum - ib tug yeej muaj tseeb cim ntawm kev kawm Ltalis. Thaum lawv kuj siv ib feem ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm triumphal arches - ib tug kev lig kev cai tseem nyob rau hauv kev siv niaj hnub no.

Yus muaj los ntawm huab huv Loos tsim tshwj xeeb vaj tse - cov lus. Architects tau tsim lawv kom thermoregulation Roman da twb nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub hauv pem teb thiab cov phab ntsa, thiab cov acting hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "sov pem teb".

Ancient Rome: architecture lub sij hawm principate dominative thiab (III ib tug - ntog faj tim teb chaws.).

Qhov no lub sij hawm yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug ceev txoj kev hloov los ntawm paganism rau cov ntseeg Vajtswv. Lub Emperor Constantine nyob rau hauv 313 tshaj tawm ntawm cov hauj lwm txoj kev hloov mus rau qhov tshiab cai dab qhuas ntawm ib tug Vajtswv, uas yog reflected tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub socio-cultural lub neej. Ancient Roman architecture ntawm lub sij hawm uas yus muaj los ntawm loj heev kev tsim kho ntawm basil - cov thawj nom Christian churches. Lawv nqus tsoos Roman technology los mus tsim kev cai dab qhuas lug, ua ke nrog oriental ntsiab.

Reflecting cov kev tawm tsam ntawm lub barbarians, lub Roman emperors raug yuam kom tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb muaj zog tiv thaiv phab ntsa, ib tug piv txwv notable ntawm uas yog tus Aurelian Phab ntsa. Tu siab, lawv tsis tsis tau dim los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm ib tug zoo kawg faj tim teb chaws, tiam sis cov technology siv nyob rau hauv lawv siv, thiab nyob rau hauv cov Nrab Hnub nyoog.

Ancient Roman architecture thiab tseem fascinates tsis tau tsuas yog neeg zoo tib yam tab sis kuj txhawb cov tub txawg. Vaj tse thiab lug ntawm faj tim teb chaws yog ciav nyob rau hauv lawv cov brevity thiab tiav kab. Tsim ntau tshaj li ob txhiab lub xyoos dhau los, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub ntsiab thiab koom haum pab vaj tse haum txig nyob rau hauv niaj hnub engineering science. Qhov seem architectural monuments qhia rau cov niaj hnub ntsuj plig ntawm qhov tseeb faj tim teb chaws.