Classicism thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm classicism

Classicism - cov kev taw qhia ntawm European kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv lub lig 17th - thaum ntxov 19th caug xyoo. Lub npe los ntawm Latin lo lus classicus, uas txhais tau tias "master". Lub txwm classicism xam tau tias yog nruj me ntsis tsim system ntawm artistic cov qauv, uas yuav tsum kom raug cai, lub manifestation ntawm muaj tswv yim lub tswv yim mas suav hais tias tsis tsim nyog. Classical tswv yim tau tam sim no nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov spheres ntawm kev cai lub neej. Classicism nyob rau hauv kos duab, ntaub ntawv, painting, architecture, suab paj nruag yuav tsum tau qhia ib tug universal kev sib raug zoo.

Cov yooj yim hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm classicism tau formulated nyob rau hauv ib tug treatise Nikolya Bualo (Fabkis 1674). Nyob rau hauv nws, nws txaus ntseeg substantiated ib tug xov tooj uas yuav tsum tau ntawm artistic xwm uas siv rau kev sau ntawv tej hauj lwm. Txaus ntshai tej hauj lwm yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia rau nruj txoj cai ntawm peb unities. Kev sib sau txhais tau tias ib tug taag qhov chaw ntawm lub chaw nyob qhov twg cov xwm txheej tshwm sim, cov kev sib sau ntawm lub sij hawm - ib qho, lub sij hawm xwb lub sij hawm, txoj kev sib sau ntawm kev txiav txim - ib tug central storyline.

Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li F. Fenelon thiab M. V. Lomonosovu, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm classicism nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum soj ntsuam ib tug nruj hierarchy ntawm lwm yam thiab yeej. "High style" - ib tug lofty paub cov ntsiab lus, lwm yam: lub Ode, ib tug heroic paj huam. "Nruab nrab twj ywm" - Elegy, satirical tej hauj lwm, ua yeeb yam. "Tsis tshua muaj twj ywm" - ntiag tug thiab lub neej txhua hnub, lwm yam: dab neeg, comedy sau ntawv. nws twb txwv tsis pub los mus sib tov yeej. Los ntawm thaum ntxov 19th caug xyoo classicism los ua supplanted los ntawm lub pedestal xws yeej raws li lub sentimentalism thiab Romanticism. Lub pursuit ntawm rigor thiab clarity rau ib halt.

Lavxias teb sab classicism nyob xwb nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 18th caug xyoo. Lub impetus rau nws txoj kev loj hlob tau ua lub transformation ntawm Peter kuv , thiab cov kev tshawb xav ntawm "peb yeej" University kho kom zoo Trediakovsky. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws cov neeg sawv cev ntawm classicism nyob rau hauv Russia: Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin (comedy), Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir (satire), Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (Ode), Ivan Ivanovich Chemnitzer thiab Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov (dab neeg). Lub hauv paus teeb meem ntawm tib neeg nyob rau lub sij hawm yog ib lub hwj chim teeb meem, yog li Lavxias teb sab classicism muaj ib tug peculiar sab nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub Western classicism. Txij li thaum tom qab Peter lub Great tsis huab tais los yog tuaj rau lub hwj chim raws li txoj cai, lub sij teeb meem yog intrigue, palace coups, lub mismatch ntawm lub huab tais thiab cov neeg xav kom lub tsev hais plaub. Nws yog ib cov teeb meem reflected nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab classicism.

cov neeg sawv cev ntawm classicism nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag, piv txwv li, Yozef Gaydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, mus ib txhis nkag mus hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Lawv ua hauj lwm steel qhia ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov suab paj nruas muaj pes tsawg leeg. Suab paj nruas hauj lwm tau ua ntau structured, tag nrho cov qhov chaw ntawm ib yam khoom nyob balanced.

Classicism tau pab cov kab lis kev cai ntawm kev ua lag luam xws li architecture. Siv ancient cov ntaub ntawv, pom Greek, Roman motifs. Pastel ntxoov. Nyob rau hauv Russia nws yog heev npaum li cas ib tug sib tov ntawm Byzantine kab lis kev cai thiab Lavxias teb sab Baroque. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lavxias teb sab classicism nyob rau hauv architecture: Kazakov, Eropkin, Zemtsov, Korobov, Rossi, Stasov, Montferrand.

Classicism nyob rau hauv painting, feem ntau txhawj xeeb smoothness cov ntaub ntawv, thiab qhov yooj yim hais yog cov zoo thiab txoj kab ntawm lub teeb thiab ntxoov ntxoo. Ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws painters pom tau hais tias N. Poussin thiab C. Lorrain. Poussin tsim masterpieces, qhov twg heroic deeds, plots nyob rau hauv lub historic style tau xwm. Lorraine, nyob rau hauv lem, yog koom nyob rau hauv lub scenery, uas yog hnov kev twb kev txuas ntawm tus txiv neej thiab qhov, qhov sib raug zoo ntawm lawv cov kev sis raug zoo. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm classicism nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab painting: unsurpassed tswv paintings ntawm cov keeb kwm kev kawm AP Losenko, nws cov thwj tim (I. A. Akimov, P. I. Sokolov thiab lwm tus).