Allelic thiab uas tsis yog-allelic noob

noob caj noob ces tus nqi

Nrog rau cov discovery ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic bases ntawm science tau tau nws kim heev kev tshawb fawb tshiab puag substrate ntawm evolution - lub caj code. Hais tias nws nteg cov lus qhia txog tag nrho cov yav tas los thiab tom ntej kev hloov mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob.

caj thiab variation piv tso cai rau koj mus cawm xwb qhov zoo tshaj plaws zoo, tab sis es tsis txhob ua tsis tau tejyam kom tau sawv daws yuav tshiab, kev txhim kho cov qauv thiab cov pab mus rau lub yeej nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso xaiv.

Basic ntsiab ntawm noob caj noob ces

Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub tshuaj ntsuam genetic hauv paus rau chromosomal qub txeeg qub teg txais kev tshawb xav hais tias lub ntsiab substrate yog ib tug morphological chromosome - cov qauv ntawm cov condensed DNA complex (chromatin) los ntawm uas thaum lub sij hawm lub synthesis ntawm cov nqaijrog, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tau nyeem.

Noob caj noob ces raws li nyob rau hauv ob peb lub tswv yim: cov noob (ib tug DNA ya coding rau ib feature unit), genotype thiab phenotype (set ntawm cov noob thiab sijhawm ntawm ib tug kab mob), gametes (kab hlwb nrog ib tug hluas txheej chromosomes) thiab zygote (s diploid hlwb).

Noob, nyob rau hauv lem, yog txwv kom muab zais rau hauv lub hom (A) thiab recessive (a) nyob rau hauv lub loj heev ntawm ib tug feature tshaj lwm allelic (A thiab ib tug) thiab uas tsis yog-allelic noob (A thiab B). Allelic nyob rau tib chromosomal cheeb tsam thiab coding ib kos npe rau. Tsis-allelic noob kiag li opposed rau lawv yog nyob rau ntawm txawv qhov chaw thiab encode yam sib txawv nta. Txawm li cas los, dua li no, cov uas tsis yog-allelic noob muaj lub peev xwm mus nrog txhua lwm yam, muab sawv mus rau lub kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho cov tshiab nta. Raws li cov tau zoo pes tsawg leeg ntawm alleles kab mob yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv homo- los yog heterozygous nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv yog cov tib noob (AA, aa), nyob rau hauv lwm yam - yog sib txawv (AA).

Mechanism thiab noob kev sib tshuam Circuit Court

Cov ntaub ntawv noob sis ntawm ib tug American geneticist T.H.Morgan kawm. Cov qhabnias ntawm nws kev tshawb fawb, nws tau hais nyob rau hauv lub chromosome kev tshawb xav ntawm caj. Raws li nws cov noob muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug chromosome no yog pub ua ke. Tej noob hu ua txuas thiab tsim ib tug thiaj li hu ua linkage pawg. Nyob rau hauv lem, tsis pub dhau cov pab pawg kuj tshwm sim los ntawm noob recombination crossover - chromosomes pauv ntau yam feem ua ke. Nyob rau hauv no kiag li zajlus kom thiab proven los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lub noob yog cov txheej txheem ntawm ncaj qha ib tug qab lub lwm yam, kev sib cais nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm hla dhau tsis raug thiab yog pub ua ke.

Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug deb ntawm cov noob, qhov yuav tshwm ntawm kev sib cais tshwm sim - qhov no tshwm sim yog hu ua "tsis tiav adhesion noob." Hais lus nyob rau hauv ntau yam, tus sis ntawm ib allelic noob tshwm sim nyob rau hauv peb yam yooj yim schemes: tiav dominance muab cov ntshiab hom kev zoo losis phem, tsis tiav dominance muab intermediate kodominirovanie feature thiab nrog rau cov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm ob sijhawm. Tsis-allelic noob kuj pub nyuab npaum li cas: lub schemes ntawm complementarity, polymers los yog epistasis. Ntawm no yuav yog pub ob yam ntxwv, tab sis rau ib tug sib txawv qhov twg.