AG Venetsianov: paintings nrog lub npe thiab qhia

Yuav ua li cas feem ntau tau txiav txim ua hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab artist nrog ib tug sonorous lub npe Venetsianov? Paintings depicting ib hom ntawv nyeem scenes ntawm cov neeg pluag lub neej thiab hu ua pib ntawm lub domestic ib hom ntawv nyeem daim duab, tus phenomenon, uas nws thiaj li nce mus txog ib tug ncov nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm lub loj leeb. Tab sis qhov muaj nqis ntawm artistic txuj ci Venetsianov, lub scale ntawm nws tib neeg tus muaj ib tug zoo kawg li cawv rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab tsis tsuas nyob rau hauv ib zaug xwb ib hom ntawv nyeem cov kev taw qhia. Qhov no yuav tshwj xeeb tshaj yog noticeable thaum los ze zog saib nyob rau ntawm nws paintings.

"Portrait ntawm niam" (1802)

Aleksey Gavrilovich Venetsianov yug nyob rau hauv 1780 nyob rau hauv Moscow merchant tsev neeg, uas muaj pog koob yawg koob originating los ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws. Lawv tau txais nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lub npe menyuam yaus Veneziano, tom qab reworked nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab style nyob rau hauv lub npe. Thaum Alex ua xav nyob rau hauv painting, nws kev tshawb fawb tsis zoo li dab tsi loj cov niam txiv. Tej zaum hais tias yog vim li cas nws tsis tau txais cov kev kos duab kev kawm ntawv. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov thawj paub txog cov txheej txheem ntawm painting nws tau txais los ntawm lub "mav" - tus kws qhia ntawv, thiab tus thawj xib fwb qhov chaw ntawm artistic kawm ntawv, uas tau txais Venetsianov - paintings ntawm cov qub masters nyob rau hauv lub tsev khaws thiab tej hauj lwm uas niaj hnub painters nyob rau hauv lub khw txiav thiab lub qhov.

Lub ntsiab ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kos duab rau ntawm lub sij hawm yog ib tug portrait, ces tus thawj paub pictorial kev Venetsianov hais txog qhov ib hom ntawv nyeem. Qhov no yog ib tug portrait ntawm nws niam - Anna Lukinichna, nee Kalashnikova.

Pom raws li tau lacks zoo nkauj craftsmanship nees nkaum-ob tug tub hluas yuav ua li cas nyuaj nws yog muab cov kev hloov ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov huab cua thiab lub teeb. Tab sis nws yog ib qhov tseeb, thiab ntau - nws muaj peev xwm mus hloov txawv textures ntaub, txaus cog qoob loo nyob rau hauv daim duab. Thiab feem ntau cov tseem ceeb - nws muaj peev xwm mus qhia qhov kev xav ntawm nws tus qauv: tej feeb tsis meej thiab nro los ntawm leej niam mus rau nws tus unaccustomed lub luag hauj lwm thiab nws maj cwj pwm.

"Self-portrait" (1811)

Tom qab 1802 Venetsianov tsiv mus rau Petersburg, qhov uas nws yog ua kom tau ib lub npe rau koj tus kheej thiab pib siv daim duab yuav ua rau ib tug nyob. Tsis ntev, nws yog yuam kom nkag mus rau cov kev pab cuam ntawm ib tug petty official nyob rau hauv lub post chaw ua hauj lwm. Zoo hmoov zoo tso cai rau nws mus tau ntsib nrog tus naas ej portrait neeg pleev kob V. L. Borovikovskim (1757-1825), uas qhuas cov painting Venetsianov thiab los ua nws saib nyob rau hauv lub profession thiab nyob rau hauv lub neej. Tej zaum vim hais tias ntawm nws lub hwj Venetsianov thov mus rau lub Academy of Arts ntawm tau txais daim ntawv ntawm cov hauj lwm npe ntawm cov neeg pleev. Raws li cov charter ntawm lub Academy, tus neeg thov yuav tsum tau xa lawv ua hauj lwm. Yuav kom qhov no kawg Venetsianov sau ib tug self-portrait.

Nyob rau hauv daim duab no peb muaj peev xwm twb pom cov theem siab ntawm kev tawm kev ntawm cov artist. Qhov no muaj tseeb thiab yog lub lag luam ntawm lub neeg uas xav tau qhov tseeb, devoid ntawm romantic kov thiab decorations. Heev nws yog soj ntsuam thiab lub hlwb tob ntawm daim duab uas tsim los ntawm cov artist. Ntawm no attentive thiab saib ntsoov rau kev ua hauj lwm, thiab kom meej meej muaj ib tug txiav txim zoo ntawm nws tus kheej-muaj nqis.

Venetsianov tau txiav txim los ntawm cov Board ntawm lub Academy of Arts nyob rau hauv lub "lo lus uas peb" - ib qho ntawm lub formal theem ntawm peev xwm ntawm tus artist uas ua rau nws tau mus nrhiav tau cov npe ntawm academician tom qab ib txoj hauj lwm muab los ntawm lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib. Venetsianov los ua ib tug academician tom qab sau ib tug muab portrait Ki Golovachevskogo.

"Barnyard" (1821)

Tsis ntev tom qab tau txais lub npe ntawm academician ntawm painting Venetsianov mam li nco dheev sab laug lub capital, thiab cov kev pab cuam thiab tswm nyob rau hauv nws qub txeeg qub tes Safonkovo nyob rau hauv lub Tver xeev. Ntawm no nws tsim nws tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm mob siab rau poetizatsii neeg pluag lub neej.

Ua ntej yuav pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov yeeb yam "Barnyard," lub artist kom nws serfs rau lauj rau pem hauv ntej phab ntsa nyob rau hauv ib tug loj tsev teb nyob qhov twg lub grain twb khaws cia. Nws teem nws tus kheej neeg ua hauj lwm mus rau cov hloov linear foundations thiab tob, xws li cov neeg uas ntaus nws nyob rau hauv lub paintings ntawm tus Fabkis neeg pleev kob Francois Granet. Sib nrug los ntawm amazing rau nws lub sij hawm dluab receding rau hauv qhov kev ncua deb qhov chaw, impressive ib tug faj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm uas tsis tau thawj peb lub hlis nyob rau hauv ntau yam poses ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm peasants thiab cov tsiaj. Lawv yog cov tag nrho ntawm ancient tseem ceeb thiab amazing paj huam.

Painting qhuas huab tais Alexander kuv, leej twg yuav nws los ntawm cov artist, thiab txawm muab tus sau ib tug nplhaib nrog ib tug pob zeb diamond. Nws yog ib tug me ntsis eased nws tej nyiaj txiag.

"Nyob rau hauv arable av. Caij nplooj ntoos hlav "(1820)

Muaj ntau cov duab Alekseya Gavrilovicha Venetsianova tag nrho ntawm secrets thiab mysteries uas tseem muaj tshaj kev thiab pib xyaum ua art. Xws li ib tug me me web (65 x 51cm) nrog luag bottichellievskim lub npe thiab paj huam suab commensurate nrog tus loj tshaj masterpiece Renaissance. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias daim duab no - ib feem series rau lub caij.

ua liaj ua teb ua zog scene tshwm li ib tug txiav txim tag nrho ntawm dawb ceev, cosmic kev txiav txim zoo. Tus naj npawb ntawm ib tug ntxhais hluas uas tuaj rau lub zog ua hauj lwm, hnav lawv zoo tshaj plaws cov khaub ncaws, tus me nyuam nyob rau hauv lub ntug ntawm lub teb, ua rau ib zajlus zoo xws li cov icon ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb, disappearing mus rau hauv lub depths ntawm daim iav daim duab lwm cov neeg pluag - tag nrho tag nrho ntawm mysteries. Tag nrho ntawm tseem ceeb thiab zoo kawg thiab simplicity, toj roob hauv pes, tiv thaiv uas muaj cov zoo tib yam thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm majestic kev tshwm sim. Alex Venetsianov uas nws paintings yog ib qhov nyuaj rau tus cwj pwm mus rau ib tug kev ib hom ntawv nyeem, xam tau tias yog ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm Lavxias teb sab poetic toj roob hauv pes.

"Reapers" (1820)

Tab sis lub ntsiab ib hom ntawv nyeem rau Venetsianov yog portrait, thiab lub ntsiab hauj lwm, nws txiav txim siab - ib qho kev qhia ntawm txoj kev txaus siab thiab kev hwm rau cov uas nws sawv cev rau. Lub siab kos duab rau ntawm painting ua ke nrog conciseness thiab elegance ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg txhawb lub tswv yim uas muaj feem xyuam rau Venetsianov tuav. Duab, piav cov ntsiab lus uas yuav tau raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb nqe lus, ciav tob thiab versatility, txawm yog hais tias lawv heroes - zoo tib yam peasants.

Rau tes hlais, mas rau ib tug lub sij hawm ntawd mus so, zaum ob butterflies. Vim hais tias ntawm lub xub pwg nyob rau ntawm lawv nrhiav me nyuam tub, fascinated los ntawm lawv cov kev zoo nkauj. Artist pleev xim rau yuav luag hornblende - xav hais tias tam sim no sib zog muaj tis ya thiab ploj nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov tshav kub. Raws li real protagonists - lawv lub ntsej muag, ob txhais tes thiab cov khaub ncaws. Tiag tiag lub suab thiab lub siab xav los ntawm ib tug ntxhais hluas thiab ib tug me nyuam, thiab feem ntau cov tseem ceeb - ib tug palpable kev txiav txim zoo li cas lawv admired Venetsianov.

"Sawv ntxov tswv av" (1823)

Venetsianov lub luag hauj lwm raws li qhov tus tsim ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem muaj ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kos duab yog undeniable. Ib qho ntawm thawj nws sim ua kom lwm tus tshwj xeeb kev zoo nkauj ntawm Lavxias teb sab xwm, paving txoj kev mus rau yav tom ntej ci ntsa iab toj roob hauv pes neeg pleev kob - Levitan, Shishkin, Kuindji Savrasov. Nyob rau hauv lub portrait nws tau qhia heev txawv txawv lub cim tseem ceeb - cov neeg ntawm lub teb chaws. Tab sis poetizatsiya ib hom ntawv nyeem phenomenon yog tshwj xeeb yog lub.

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov heroines ntawm nws painting tswv ua nws tus poj niam - Martha Afanasevnu - thiab nws serf cov ntxhais. Qhov no piav txog cov sov siab uas zoo kawg nkaus tej no canvas. Yog tsis muaj confrontation ntawm tus hluas nkauj thiab nws tus indentured cov tub qhe - nws yog ntau zoo li ib tsev neeg scene nyob rau hauv uas cov ntxhais muaj lawv lub meej mom thiab twj ywm kev zoo nkauj. Tsis muaj tsawg ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm no yog ua si nyob rau hauv cov zaj duab xis chaw: hlub muab sau tawm ntawm lub sab hauv cov ntsiab lus thiab - feem ntau cov tawm - mos mos, tab sis tseem sau lub teeb.

"Zakharkov" (1825)

Neeg pluag cov me nyuam - heev cim portraits thiab ib hom ntawv nyeem paintings, uas nws tau sau Venetsianov. Painting "Tsaug zog Tswv Yug Yaj", "Cov no yog cov batkin thiab noj hmo", "Tswv Yug Yaj nrog horn" depict cov me nyuam yog tsis disembodied Ob tug khelunpee uas nrog icons thiab classic paintings - ib tug tag nrho-fledged cim nrog nws tus kheej tus cwj pwm, muaj zog tus cwj pwm txawv uas yog ib feem ntawm qhov sib raug zoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Xws li yog Zakharkov - lub protagonist ntawm lub painting Venetsianov. Nrog rau cov npe thiab cov hauj lwm ntawm xws hauj lwm los ntawm cov artist yuav to taub nws txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv, uas tau sab laug nws cov cim nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab painting.

Nws xav txog txoj hmoo ntawm feemxyuam me nyuam yug los serfs, thaum nws pom lub vaj me nyuam tub yog ua kom qhia ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv cov xim av puab rau hauv lub blackboard. "Venetsianov tsev kawm ntawv" Tsis ntev no twb yug los. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus kawm cov kev txawj ntse ntawm cov artist txoj hauj lwm, nws muab cov neeg pluag cov me nyuam vaj tse, pub thiab watered lawv, muaj ntau yam sim yuav rov qab mus rau hauv cov qus. Cov cov menyuam kawm ntawv Venetsianov - ntse heev Grigory Soroka thiab txog 70 ntxias, muaj ntau leej twg tau kawm tiav los ntawm Moscow Academy ntawm Fine Arts. lub tsev kawm ntawv cov kev ua ub muab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm qhov fab ntxeev los ntawm cov nom kev kawm ntawv uas yog tsis muab lub npe ntawm Venetsianov art kws qhia ntawv.

"Nyob rau hauv lub sau. Lub caij ntuj sov "(182?)

Nws lub neej yuav tsis tau hu ua carefree, nws tau yeej ib txwm tau sau nrog tej hauj lwm thiab tej teeb meem. Ntsoog los thiab npaj txhij txog yog nws kawg - Alex Gavrilovic raug tua nyob rau hauv 1847 thaum ib tug nees, harnessed rau nws chariot, mam li nco dheev ntshai thiab raug kev txom nyem, thiab nws twb sim kom tsis txhob rau lawv, poob rau txoj kev.

Cov txiv neej nyob rau lub ntiaj teb, qhov sib raug zoo ntawm nws kev sib raug zoo nrog cov xwm, nrog rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv - lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov artist Venetsianov ntsiab essence thiab tus nqi ntawm nws txojsia, ib yam dab tsi rau cov uas nws lub npe yog Revered los ntawm connoisseurs thiab amateurs ntawm Lavxias teb sab painting. Cov painting, depicting ib tug Reaper nyob rau tom qab ntawm coj Lavxias teb sab toj roob hauv pes, thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm muaj qhov chaw - ib qho ntawm lub vertices ntawm tus poj Lavxias teb sab neeg pleev kob.