Acetylene: daim ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, kev lag luam,

Acetylene hais txog hydrocarbons unsaturated series. Qhov no compound, thiab nws cov ntau homologs pab raws li cov ntaub ntawv raw rau lub synthesis ntawm loj nyiaj ntawm cov tshuaj cov khoom.

Properties thiab zus tau tej cov acetylene

Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm atmospheric siab thiab ib txwm kub, acetylene yog ib tug tsis muaj kob roj. Yog hais tias qhov kub thiab txias yog lowered mus rau ib tug nqi ntawm -85 degrees thiab txo nws mus rau lwm lub compound ntawm lub xeev - khoom. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no lub muaju. Nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv cov kua thiab khoom hauv lub xeev acetylene tau yooj yim tawg nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv ntawm kev sib txhuam los yog tej yam (txhua yam los yog hydraulic). Qhov no tej khoom vaj tse yog lom zem ntau thiab txiav txim seb nws cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov. Acetylene combustion cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev no muaj yog ib tug nplaim taws, yus muaj los ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws kub ntsuas (3150 degrees) piv nrog rau lwm hom ntawm cov roj.

Cov yooj yim ntau lawm yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm acetylene, nyob rau hauv uas lub sib tham calcium carbide thiab dej. Qhov no txoj kev hais ntawm ib tug kub ntawm txog 2000 degrees ntsuas thiab yog endothermic.

Muaj xws li ib tug tshaj plaws li tso zis rau ntawm acetylene. Qhov no yog cov nyiaj uas yog tso tawm los ntawm lub decomposition ntawm 1 kg ntawm calcium carbide. GOST 1460-56 poob lawm tej qhov tseem ceeb muab tus nqi, uas yog ib tug ncaj qha kev ua ntawm cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm Granulation ntawm lub pib khoom. Yog li, rau qhov tsim nyog ntawm ib tus me particle loj ntawm lub poov hlau carbide yog los txo cov acetylene tawm los.

Qhov no txawv yog ib tug tsim nyog tau ntawm lub xub ntiag zoo carbide hais ntawm impurities, e.g. calcium oxide.

Nws muaj lwm yam, tsawg bulky, kim thiab lub zog-intensive txoj kev ua acetylene. Piv txwv li, thermal-oxidative methane pyrolysis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm tej yam ntuj tso roj; decomposition ntawm cov roj, kerosene thiab lwm yam roj a los ntawm elektropiroliza.

Cia thiab thauj

Tag nrho txoj kev cia thiab thauj muab rau kev siv ntawm thooj voos kheej kheej. Lawv tau sau nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb luj ntawm ntxeem tau taub hau. Nws yog impregnated nrog acetone, uas nkag yaj acetylene. Daim ntawv thov ntawm no txoj kev muaj peev xwm ho ua rau kom cov nyob ntawm lub acetylene lub tog raj kheej thiab, ceeb, lowers nws explosiveness.

Heev hu ntawm acetylene nrog co xws li tooj liab thiab nyiaj, tej zaum yuav ua rau kom nws explosivity. Yog li ntawd, impermissible siv cov ntaub ntawv uas tej zaum comprise cov co, xws li qub.

Feem ntau, cov thooj voos kheej kheej yuav tsum muaj kev tshwj xeeb li qub, tsim los rau cov cia ntawm acetylene.

Tag nrho cov kev siv ntawm tag nrho lub tog raj kheej muaj peev xwm yuav ua tau tiav los ntawm khaws cia tas ntim li ntawd acetone faib thoob plaws hauv lub ntim ntawm lub thawv. Thiab qhov no yog tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug kab rov tav txoj hauj lwm. Sau ntawm lub tog raj kheej yuav tsum muab qhov chaw heev maj mam, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ua raws cai nrog rau cov tej yam kev mob ntawm cov tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dissolving acetylene nyob rau hauv acetone, thiab nyob rau hauv particular nws ceev.

Zoo yaj acetylene

Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm lub neej acetylene ua ntej, uas yog npaj siv ib portable generator ntawm calcium carbide, yog tias daim ntawv thov lub tog raj kheej yog ib qho kev nce rau hauv Vuam ua hauj lwm los ntawm hais txog 20%, thiab nyob rau lub acetylene tsis yog txo los ntawm 25%. Nws yuav tsum tau hais qhov kev nce rau ntawm cov kev ceev thiab maneuverability ntawm lub vuam chaw nres tsheb, kev ruaj ntseg. Tsis zoo li cov pa roj uas tau los ntawm calcium carbide yaj acetylene muaj tshuam tsawg txawv teb chaws muaj teeb meem, i.e. impurities, uas yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb yog ib qho tseem ceeb welding.

Main daim ntaub ntawv ntawm acetylene

• Vuam thiab tej ntawm hlau.
• Siv raws li ib tug qhov chaw ntawm kaj, lub teeb dawb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yog ib lo lus nug ntawm acetylene, npaj los ntawm reacting calcium carbide thiab dej. Nws yuav siv nws tus kheej-muaj luminaires.
• Raug explosives.
• Qhov npaj ntawm lwm tebchaw thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas yog acetic acid, ethyl cawv, cov kuab tshuaj, yas, roj hmab, uas muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons.

Acetylene: siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev lag luam

Autogenous vuam thiab nrog yuav luag txhua theem ntawm kev tsim kho. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov kev ua hauj lwm siv acetylene. Nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv hu ua burner gases tov ncaj qha thiab combustion cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nws tus kheej. Qhov siab tshaj plaws kub ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus txog thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm acetylene 45% ntawm tag nrho cov thawv ntim.

Thooj Voos Kheej Kheej nrog no gas cim raws li nram no: tsuas dawb thiab liab cov tsiaj ntawv loj loj applied inscription: "acetylene"

Siv cov kev faib tej hauj lwm yog nqa tawm tsuas yog nyob rau nraum zoov. Kev siv cov acetylene thiab nws homologues nyob rau hauv cov tej yam kev mob yuav tsum tsis txhob muab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ncaj qha tshav ntuj. Luv so yuav tsum tau nrog los ntawm cov tshooj ntawm li qub rau lub burner, thiab qhov ntev - lub overlap ntawm li qub rau cov thooj voos kheej kheej rau lawv tus kheej.

Cov tshuaj kev lag luam yog heev nyob rau hauv kev thov acetylene. Nws daim ntawv thov yog rau kev siv cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev npaj ntawm cov organic synthesis. Qhov no hluavtaws roj hmab, yas, kuab tshuaj, acetic acid, thiab lwm yam

Acetylene yog ib tug universal roj, yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem uas muaj roj-nplaim taws ua. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas siv cov acetylene nyob rau hauv lub lag luam no tau tsuas raug rau kev ruaj ntseg ntsuas, vim nws yog ib tug heev roj.

carbide teeb

Lub npe "carbide teeb" vim kev siv raws li ib tug qhib nplaim dav hlau combusted teeb qhov chaw ntawm acetylene. Nws yog raws li tau ua los ntawm reacting calcium carbide nrog dej.

Cov teeb twb ntau nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm. Lawv muaj peev xwm yuav pom nyob rau phab xis, tsheb thiab txawm tsheb kauj vab. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub lub sij hawm lub carbide teeb tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ceev yuav tsum tau rau ib tug haib stand-alone fixture. Yog li ntawd, cavers feem ntau siv lawv. Nyob deb beacons mov xws teeb yog, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no hom ntawm teeb pom kev zoo yog npaum li cas zoo dua summing up lub hwj chim kav. Heev yog siv cov teeb nyob rau hauv lub sib sib zog nqus dej hlab ntsha.

Acetylene: daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj

Raws li siv tshuaj yeeb dej caw nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no? General tshuaj loog yuav siv ntawm alkynes. Acetylene yog ib tug ntawm cov nkev, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv nqus tau pa tshuaj loog. Tab sis lub thoob plaws siv nws raws li xws li nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm. Tam sim no muaj ntau ntau cov niaj hnub thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb kev ua kom loog.

Txawm hais tias nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias kev siv ntawm acetylene thiab tsis yog ib tug loj txaus ntshai, raws li ua ntej tus nqi ntawm nws cov concentration nyob rau hauv lub nqus tau cov pa cua nce mus txog ib tug txaus ntshai txwv, rau sab flammability pib yog dhau lawm.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj kev mob rau cov kev siv ntawm no gas yog lub observance ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ntsuas. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau overstate yuav ua li cas txaus ntshai acetylene. Nws siv tau tsuas yog tom qab tag nrho cov tsim nyog briefings nrog neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm ntau cov cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv uas nws yog siv.