Noj qab haus huv, Tshuaj
AB0 system thiab lub qub txeeg qub teg ntawm cov ntshav pawg nyob rau hauv tib neeg
Qhov ntawd yog sawv cev rau cov ntshav pab pawg neeg, koj yuav tsum paub!
Antigens ntshav system
Lub antigenic qauv ntawm tib neeg lub cev yog tsis tshua muaj complex. Tsuas yog cov ntshav uas niaj hnub science tau sab txog tsib puas antigens, koom nyob rau hauv 40 antigenic systems: MNSs, AB0, Kell, Duffi, Luteran, Lewis li al.
Txhua yam ntawm cov tshuab antigens yog txhob kaw pub thiab kho allelic noob. Rau simplicity, lawv muab faib ua ntshav thiab cellular. Rau Hematology thiab ntshav tseem ceeb tshaj yog cell antigens (erythromycin, platelet thiab leukocyte), vim hais tias lawv muaj lub immunogenicity (muaj peev xwm ntxias ib lub cev tsis teb), thiab yog li ntawd incompatible nrog lub transfusion ntawm cov ntshav cell antigens ntawm txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hematogenous poob siab los yog DIC nrog neeg tuag taus. Ntshav antigens muaj ob lub ntsiab qhov chaw: yog ib tug antigenic determinant, kev txiav txim immunogenicity ntawm lub hapten, thiab "weighting" antigen thiab defining serological kev ua si.
Thawj feem yog ib co hais rau txhua antigen, thiab yog li ntawd txawv lawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Yog li, lub kaw lus distinguishes 0 AB0 antigen fucose antigen A - N-ftsetilglyukozamin thiab antigen B - galactose. Cov determinants muab txuas, tshuaj nyob rau hauv thiab cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev lo lus teb. Cov antigens yog npaum li cas mus rau hauv tus account thaum ntxiv ntshav, raws li zoo raws li thaum suav tau qub txeeg qub teg ntawm cov ntshav pab pawg.
AB0 system thiab nws cov qub txeeg qub teg
thiab agglutinogens (erythrocyte adhesion yam - A thiab B) - Nyob rau hauv tsis tau 1901 godu tshuaj uas muaj peev xwm agglutinate erythrocytes rau txhua lwm yam, uas yog hu ua agglutinins (α thiab β agglutination ntshav yam) tau pom nyob rau hauv tib neeg cov ntshav.
| ntshav pab pawg neeg | txiv | |||||
| niam | Kuv (00) | II (A0) | II (AA) | III (B0) | III (BB) | IV (AB) |
| Kuv (00) | 00 - yog 100% | 00 - 50% A0 - 50% | A0 - 100% | 00 - 50% B0 - 50% | B0 - 100% | A0 - ntawm 50% B0 - 50% |
| II (A0) | 00 - 50% A0 - 50% | 00 - 25% A0 - 50% AA - 25% | AA - 50% A0 - 50% | 00 - 25% A0 - 25% B0 - 25% AB - 25% | AB - 50% B0 - 50% | AA - 25% A0 - 25% B0 - 25% AB - 25% |
| II (AA) | A0 - 100% | AA - 50% A0 - 50% | AA - 100% | AB - 50% A0 - 50% | AB - 100% | AA - 50% AB - 50% |
| III (B0) | 00 - 50% B0 - 50% | 00 - 25% A0 - 25% B0 - 25% AB - 25% | AB - 50% A0 - ntawm 50% | 00 - 25% B0 - 50% BB - 25% | BB - 50% B0 - 50% | A0 - 25% B0 - 25% BB - 25% AB - 25% |
| III (BB) | B0 - 100% | AB - 50% B0 - 50% | AB - 100% | BB - 50% B0 - 50% | BB - cov 100% | AB - 50% BB - 50% |
| IV (AB) | A0 - ntawm 50% B0 - 50% | AA - 25% A0 - 25% B0 - 25% AB - 25% | AA - 50% AB - 50% | A0 - ntawm 25% B0 - 25% BB - 25% AB - 25% | AB - 50% BB - 50% | AA - 25% BB - 25% AB - 50% |
Tsis muaj tsawg ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias cov hom thiab v tau, vim hais tias nws tseem ceeb heev rau compatibility ntawm cov ntshav pawg nyob rau hauv ntshav. Yog li, v-zoo ntshav (v +) yog tau txhab ib tug neeg mob nrog v-tsis zoo (Rh-) cov ntshav tsuas ib zaug rau hauv lub neej thiab nyob rau hauv huab mob, txij thaum thawj thawj transfusion yuav tsim RH antibodies, uas yog tshuab txais ntawm ib ob transfusion (thiab cov neeg tau kev pab uas muaj feem yuav tuag los ntawm ntshav poob siab). Tib yam siv thiab rhesus teeb meem nrog lub conception ntawm fetus nrog v-zoo ntshav los ntawm v + Rh- niam thiab txiv, ces nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los mus laij lub qub txeeg qub teg ntawm cov ntshav pab pawg neeg ntawm tus me nyuam.
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