Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau ib tug siv lead ua ntsev. Sau qoob rau ntsev muaju hauv tsev

Los ntawm lub sij hawm "siv lead ua" txhais tau tias ib yam khoom uas nyob rau hauv uas feeb hais, lub atoms cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv ib tug txog kev txiav txim. Lawv tsim ib tug lattice - ib tug peb-dimensionally periodic spatially kom packing. Thiaj li outwardly muaju muaj rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev polyhedra symmetrical. Lawv muaj peev xwm sib txawv heev nyob rau hauv lub cev thiab muaj tau los ntawm plaub mus rau ob peb pua pua ntawm ib sab uas tshuam ntawm txoj cai ces kaum mus rau txhua lwm yam.

Ntsev - tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg ntawm muaju

Ib tug ntawm cov khib nyiab nrog kom zoo ib yam qauv yog ib qho ntsev. Nws yog ib tug khoom noj khoom, uas tshwm sim lawm raws li cov mineral halite hu ua. Great deal ntawm nws yog nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv dej thiab lwm yam ntsev qhov chaw. Yog hais tias koj saib los ntawm ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob los yog magnifying khob nplej ntawm ntsev, koj yuav pom hais tias lawv muaj ca sab. Yog li ntawd, nws yog nyob rau hauv ib tug crystalline lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm uas peb yuav tham txog yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau ib tug siv lead ua ntsev nyob ib leeg. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog ib qho yooj yim. Yuav kom to taub li cas cov tsim ntawm ntsev muaju, uas yog, lub crystallization txheej txheem, peb muab rau koj mus nqa tawm ib qho kev nthuav kev nyob rau hauv tsev. Tus me nyuam yog ntshaw kom ua tau nws nyob rau hauv lub saib xyuas ntawm ib tug neeg laus. Nco ntsoov tias tus siv lead ua daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsev no tej zaum yuav varied, xws li nyhav, prismatic los yog lwm yam - nyuab dua. Txawm li cas los, tus siv lead ua lub ntsej muag ntawm lub pob zeb ntsev yeej ib txwm tshuam ntawm txoj cai ces kaum.

Peb yuav qhia koj txog yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau ib tug siv lead ua ntsev: qhov tsim nyog cov khoom siv thiab cov cuab yeej

Zoo, wb tau mus ua hauj lwm. Yuav ua li cas yog cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov cuab yeej peb yuav tsum tau rau qhov no nthuav kev? Ntawm cov hoob kawm, ntau ntsev, dej, pob tshab iav beakers, hlua los yog tuab xov, ib tug ntoo spatula. Koj yuav tsum tau npaj ib tug tub ntxhais ntawm ib tug ballpoint cwj mem los yog ib tug cwj mem. Thiab feem ntau cov tseem ceeb - koj yuav tsum tau ua siab ntev. Lub fact tias cov crystallization txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm lub sij hawm - peb lub lis piam. Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau ib tug siv lead ua ntsev? Siv ib tug zoo ntsev uas tsis muaj impurities. Nws yog ntshaw kom yuav ib yam khoom purity ntawm tsis tsawg tshaj li 98%, txwv tsis pub muaj kev yuav tsis. Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug loj ntau yam ntawm impurities, cov kev lom yuav tig dab tuag thiab yuav muaj flaws nyob rau hauv lub ntsev. Loj hlob ntawm muaju ntawm lub ntsev yuav pib nrog qhov kev npaj ntawm mas concentrated tshuaj. Ncuav mus rau hauv ib khob hub los yog dej sov (200 ml) thiab pib mus ntxiv ntsev. Tsis txhob hnov qab mus do lossi kua ntoo spatula. Qhov no yog los xyuas kom meej tias cov ntsev yog zoo yaj. Tom qab cov tshuaj no tag nrho (uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim los ntawm lub fact tias zoo ceased ntsev yaj nyob rau hauv ib khob dej ntawm ib tug ib txwm ntxhov siab), lub sib tov yuav tsum tau rhuab. Sau lub lauj kaub nrog dej, muab tso rau hauv hluav taws, podogreem dej. Ces maj mam muab tso rau hauv ib lub khob nrog concentrated saline tshuaj thiab tos kom txog thaum nws puv.

Ntxiv ua hauj lwm rau loj hlob zoo nkauj ntsev muaju

Tom qab ntawd peb yuav tsum tawm peb iav beaker los ntawm lub lauj kaub thiab cia nws nyob ib leeg. Thaum pas nrig ballpoint cwj mem (mem hluav) anchoring cov xov uas khi me me siv lead ua los ntawm cov ntsev. Muab tso rau hauv ib khob pas nrig thiab raus nyob rau hauv ib tug tov nrog hlua "yub." Nws yog nyob rau ntawm no ntsev muaju yuav loj hlob peb zoo nkauj sau. Tus ntawd yog nws, tam sim no peb muaj peev xwm tsuas tos. Khob muab tso rau hauv ib tug sov so qhov chaw thiab saib xyuas txhua txhua hnub rau lub crystallization txheej txheem. Nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsis co, tig los tsa lub thawv nrog ib tug daws. Maj mam, tus siv lead ua yuav loj hlob thiab ua loj txaus. Thaum zoo li no tshwm sim, koj yuav tau maj mam muab tshem tawm nws los ntawm cov tshuaj. Peb pom zoo kom qhuav nws nrog ib tug ntswg, tab sis yuav tau ceev faj heev - koj daim ntawv heev taus. Luas lub dhau heev lawm xov thiab npog nrog siv lead ua ntshiab cov kua roj vanish, mus cuag nws lub sij hawm ntawm "lub neej". Tam sim no uas koj paub yuav ua li cas kom tau ntsev muaju hauv tsev. Hopefully, koj yuav tau rov qab ua peb yam yooj yim kev.

Lub muaju ntawm hiav txwv ntsev: kev nyob rau hauv tsim zoo nkauj sau

Yog hais tias koj xav kom loj hlob loj, tus thiab zoo nkauj qauv - xyuam xim rau cov nram qab no xyaum ua tej yam. Mus ua hauj lwm, koj yuav xav tau cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov cuab yeej:

• pob tshab iav;
• dej;
• hiav txwv ntsev;
• ntawv;
• daim ntaub;
• ntoo duav;
• tiaj pob zeb ntawm medium loj.

Cov cuab yeej ntawm tus siv lead ua kev loj hlob txoj kev yog raws li nram no. Ua ntej, ncuav rau hauv lub khob yog tsis heev kub dej thiab pib mus ncuav rau therein hiav txwv ntsev, maj mam, ib tug teaspoon. Tsis txhob hnov qab mus cuam tshuam nrog ib tug duav. Ntsev yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau cov kua li ntev raws li nws tsis tu tsis tseg kom yaj. Tam sim no peb siv lub ntswg thiab lim lub resulting tov los ntawm nws. Qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov tsim ntawm me me du thiab zoo nkauj ib yam.

Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim loj ntsev muaju

Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau tus siv lead ua los ntawm cov ntsev: tom qab pom muab tso rau hauv ib tug me me pob zeb tov (cov noob txiv tej zaum yuav hloov) kom txias thiab muab. Nco ntsoov tias, lub qeeb qeeb yuav txias peb qab ntsev kua, cov loj muaju yog tau. Nws yog ib advisable mus them rau cov iav ntawv thiab muab tso rau nws nyob rau hauv ib tug maub qhov chaw, kev tiv thaiv los ntawm drafts. Tom qab ob los yog peb hnub koj yuav pom yuav ua li cas koj pob zeb yuav tau me me muaju. Khaws ib lub qhov muag nyob rau lub fact tias cov tshuaj yog yeej ib txwm them kom tiav cov "noob." Nws yuav tsum yog ib tug txhua lub limtiam tu kua los ntawm hmoov av thiab ruaj muaju, tsim nyob rau hauv qab ntawm cov iav. Raws li evaporation yog tsim nyog los refill lub tank ib tug heev concentrated ntsev tov. Saib xyuas tias nws yog huv si thiab tsis txias (chav tsev kub). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog tsim nyog los tsis tseg tshem tawm cov kiav txhab uas zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub thawv. Tom qab ob los yog peb lub lis piam, koj siv lead ua yuav ncav cuag hais txog 2-3 cm nyob rau hauv ntev. Thiab nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau loj nrws yuav tsum tau ntau lub sij hawm - txog 6 lub lis piam.

Kho lub ntsev muaju

Nco ntsoov hais tias koj yuav tsis tau txais xwb zoo nkauj thiab du muaju. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub yuav siv sij hawm xyaum. Peb qhia rau koj ua tib zoo kho lub crystallization ntawm qhov kev kuaj, tu yog tsis zoo nkauj heev growths. Qhov no yuav ua tau nrog ib tug ntse riam, scraping lawv superfluous. Tsis tas li ntawd, siv roj av jelly, koj yuav tsis txhob tsim ntawm seb. Yog hais tias tsim nyog, ib tug txheej ntawm av jelly yuav raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov qauv nyob rau hauv acetone. Thaum koj siv lead ua yuav loj hlob mus rau lub yam loj, me, koj muaj peev xwm maj mam tshem tawm nws los ntawm cov tshuaj. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum maj mam muab tshiav ntawm ntug nrog ib tug ntswg. Npog lub qauv yuav ua tau hairspray: li ntawd, koj siv lead ua yuav tsis muaj lub cev tsis kho, nkig thiab mus tas li khaws nws zoo nkauj tsos.

Thawj yam cuav ntawm ntsev muaju

Tom tsev, koj yuav tsis tau tsuas yog loj hlob ib tug qub ntsev muaju, tab sis kuj yuav ua rau kev nthuav crafts. Ua li no, koj yuav xav tau cov cuab yeej thiab cov ntaub ntawv

• dej;
• ntsev;
• hlau;
• xov;
• lim daim ntawv;
• Bank - 2 pcs.;
• yias;
• ntoo duav.

Ua hauj lwm pib nrog dissolving lub ntsev nyob rau hauv cov dej. Peb ua nws mus rau hauv ib lub kua nyob rau hauv me me feem, ntxiv tom ntej no tsuas yog tom qab qhov kawg xaus ntawm yav tas los ib. Thaum lub ntsev yog tsis redissolve, npaj mus rau lub kauj ruam tom ntej. Siv lub yias, sau nrog dej thiab muab tso rau hauv lub thawv nyob rau hauv lub qhov cub nyob rau hauv ib tug me me hluav taws. Nws muab tso rau ib hub ntawm brine. Saib xyuas cov cua kub txheej txheem. Peb mus txuas ntxiv kom yaj ntsev, nqa kub rau 65 degrees. Tag nrho, tig tawm cov roj, tab sis, thaum peb coj tawm lub thawv los ntawm lub lauj kaub. Lub fact tias qhov txawv nyob rau hauv kub yuav ua tau rau lub fact tias cov iav ntim rau tawg. Tom qab txias, cov tshuaj yuav ua tau xyuam xim tau thawv pots.

Pom ntawm cov tshuaj thiab crystallization

Ces npaj mus rau lub purification ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm impurities. Siv ib tug huv lub thawv thiab ntswj kom nruj nws nyob rau hauv lub caj dab ntawm lub taub lim daim ntawv. Tam sim no ua tib zoo ncuav cov tshuaj mus rau hauv ib tug tshiab ntim. Tag nrho undissolved ntsev muaju thiab impurities nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv lub lim daim ntawv. Peb tau txais ib tug ntshiab tov. Tam sim no, muab tso rau lub hub nrog lub kua nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw txias thiab ua rau cov "noob." Noj tooj liab hlau thiab nqa los ntawm nws kev zoo ntawm ib tug tsiaj, paj, ceg me, ib lub hnub qub. Qhwv nrog ib tug hlau filament. Peb muab lub workpiece nyob rau hauv ib lub hub nrog brine, npog daim ntaub ntim, ces tsuas ib tug me me kis. Hais tias yog tag nrho, peb thiaj tsuas tos rau tus siv lead ua kev loj hlob tshwm sim los ntawm cov ntsev. Tom qab cov hlau yuav tau, nws tseem tau mus extract los ntawm ib tug tov. Nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo, vim hais tias cov ntsev muaju yuav tawg.