Yuav ua li cas yog platelets? Yuav ua li cas yog lawv cov luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub cev? Uas kab mob platelets nce

Platelets yog me me uas tsis yog-nuclear tsim ntsiab ntawm cov ntshav. Lawv muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv hemostasis (a complex kev tshua tswj siv ceev xwmphem los ntshav thiab ceeb toom). Platelets yog cov puag ncig los yog kheej li lub qw nyob rau hauv zoo lawm. Cov kab uas hla ntawm lub cell yog nruab nrab ntawm ob lub thiab plaub microns.

Nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, platelets cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa los yog nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob cov ntaub ntawv, lub hlwb yog nyob rau hauv ib tug so hauv lub xeev thiab muaj ib tug disk zoo. platelet kom muaj txhawb rau hloov lawv cov ntaub ntawv: lub hlwb ua sphericity thiab tej daim ntawv protuberances (pseudopodia). Los ntawm txoj kev cov dab muaj peev xwm ntawm cov ntshav ntsiab adhering rau txhua lwm yam los yog rau cov phab ntsa hauv cov hlab muaj kev puas tsuaj. Qhov no tshwm sim yog hu ua aggregation (so ua ke). Platelets, Ntxiv, muaj zog mus rau lub adhesion (cohesion), degranulation (kev tso cai ntawm txheem), los khov rau ntawd retraction (los yog kawm tiav kev sib cais ntawm txo cov ntshav los khov rau ntawd los ntawm ntshiab). Nyob rau nws saum npoo, lub hlwb yuav tau ua siab ntev fibrinogen, ib yam khoom uas biologically active (serotonin), anticoagulants, thiab tiv thaiv kab mob ceg (circulating).

Los ntawm adhesion thiab platelet aggregation muab hemostasis nyob rau hauv me me-caliber cov hlab ntsha (hlwb noog nyob rau qhov chaw ntawm kev puas tsuaj). Raws li stimulants coalescence txheej txheem yog adrenaline, thrombin, collagen, serotonin. Nrog rau kev koom tes ntawm thrombin yog tsim muaj dab (pseudopodia). Platelet pellets muaj txhaws yam (serotonin, peroxidase enzyme platelet fibrinogen, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), serotonin, platelet-derived kev loj hlob tau, von Willebrand tau).

Thaum lub sij hawm retraction ntawm cov ntshav los khov rau ntawd tshwm sim adhesion rau fibrin filaments thiab tso trombostenina uas settles rau lawv. Cov no ib tug foob thiab sib ntswg tus threads, yog li txoj kev ib tug thawj thrombus.

Analysis ntawm cov ntshav platelets los mus txiav txim coagulation tsis. Xam tias yog ib qho concentration ntawm 180-320 txhiab ib milliliter.

Yog hais tias platelets yog nce, ces muaj yog thrombocytosis. Xws li ib tug mob tej zaum yuav qhia ib tug kab mob ntawm ib qho kev kis xwm, hlav, cov ntshav kab mob. Thrombocytosis yuav ua rau tsim ntawm cov ntshav txhaws nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Yog hais tias platelets yog nce, nws yog ua tau rau hauv lub cev yog lub cev qhuav dej. Xws li ib tug mob yuav tau triggered thaum uas ntuav, tsis txaus dej kom tsawg, quav teeb meem.

Lub concentration ntawm platelets nyob rau hauv cov ntshav tej zaum yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb lub sij hawm ntawm lub xyoo los yog ib hnub. Tej lub cell cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau cai nyob rau hauv lub cev lub sij hawm los yog cev xeeb tub. Feem ntau qe ua ntshav khov muaj zog tom qab lub cev tom.

Thrombocytosis yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si cov neeg laus thiab cov me nyuam. Ua lub platelet concentration yuav ua tau thawj los sis theem nrab.

Cov me nyuam thrombocytosis tsim tom qab cais tawm ntawm congenital txawv txav.

Chiv nce platelets, feem ntau ntawm eritremii, mob myeloid leukemia thiab lwm yam ntshav kab mob. Ua lub concentration ntawm cov ntshav yog txuam nrog ib tug acceleration ntawm division ntawm lub precursor (megakaryocytes). Qhov no tus txheej txheem yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm phem transformation.

Secondary thrombocytosis kuaj nyob rau hauv cov kab mob uas tshwm sim taus los ntawm muaj zog zus ntawm thrombopoietin (polypeptide hormone).

Platelets yuav muab ntau zog nyob rau hauv ulcerative mob plab, pulmonary tuberculosis, rheumatoid articular txhab cim extrapulmonary tuberculosis, amyloidosis, osteomyelitis, daim siab mob npuas paug thiab lwm yam mob inflammatory pathologies. Thrombocytosis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm phem hlav, hemorrhages, tom qab tej yam yug tsis xws luag.