Yuav ua li cas yog lub magnetic teb?

Yuav ua li cas yog lub magnetic teb? Yuav kom teb tau lo lus nug no, cia peb nco qab cov me nyuam yaus ntawm electrodynamics. Raws li yog lub npe hu, nyob rau ib ruaj ruaj cab kuj them nyiaj q, xws li nyob rau hauv ib tug hluav taws xob field cheeb tsam zoo nkaus li biasing nyhuv uas ib tug quab yuam F. Cov them ntau nqi (tsis hais ntawm lawv lub zog), ntau dua qhov lub quab yuam. Qhov no nro yog - ib qho ntawm lub teb chaw. Yog hais tias peb xaiv nws raws li ib tug E, ces peb tau txais:

E = F / q

Nyob rau hauv lem, mobile nqi cuam tshuam rau magnetic teb ntawm qhov. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus quab yuam nyob tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm hluav taws xob xwb, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub vector kev taw qhia ntawm lub zog (los yog, precisely ntau, ceev).

Yuav ua li cas yuav ua tau peb kawm txog cov configuration ntawm cov magnetic teb? Qhov teeb meem no yog ntse solved lub zoo-paub zaum - Ampere thiab Oersted. Lawv muab tso rau hauv tus neeg xyuas pib Circuit Court nrog lub fais tam sim no siv thiab nais maum kuaj los sib sib zog tsa. Nws muab tawm hais tias cov cawv rau cov txiaj ntsim ntawm lub contour orientation rau hauv qhov chaw, qhia lub xub ntiag ntawm lub vector directional torque. Induction ntawm lub magnetic teb (ntsuas nyob rau hauv Tesla) yog qhia los ntawm tus piv ntawm hais tias lub sij hawm ntawd ntawm cov quab yuam kom cov khoom ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib Circuit Court cheeb tsam thiab lub ntws hluav taws xob tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws qhia txog cov teb nws tus kheej, uas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog tsim nyog. Peb qhia tag nrho cov hais los ntawm ib tug yooj yim mis:

B = M / (S * I);

qhov twg M - lub siab tshaj plaws nqi ntawm cov torque nyob rau hauv lub orientation ntawm lub voj nyob rau hauv ib tug sib nqus teb; S - tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub voj; I - tam sim no nyob rau hauv tus neeg xyuas pib.

Txij li thaum lub magnetic teb yog ib tug vector kom muaj nuj nqis, nws yog ntxiv yuav tsum tau mus nrhiav nws cov orientation. Qhov tseem nrig txog kev pom cov sawv cev ntawm nws muab zoo tib yam compass koob uas ib txwm ntsiab lus rau sab qaum teb ncej. Induction ntiaj teb magnetic teb orients rau nws raws li lub magnetic teb kab. Cov tib yam tshwm sim thaum koj tso ib tug compass nyob ze ib tug neeg xyuas pib los ntawm kev uas tam sim no ntws.

Piav txog lub Circuit Court yuav tsum paub lub tswvyim ntawm tus magnetic caij. Qhov no vector yog txaus sib npaug zos rau cov khoom ntawm S rau I. Nws coj lawv mus rau lub notional dav hlau ntawm lub conductive voj. Yuav txiav txim los ntawm lub npe hu txoj cai-laug ntsia hlau txoj cai (los yog tus ntiv tes xoo ntawd yog tib yam). Induction ntawm lub magnetic teb nyob rau hauv lub vector sawv cev coincides nrog cov kev taw qhia ntawm magnetic caij.

Yog li, nws yog ua tau rau neeg ib mis rau tus quab yuam sawv lub voj (tag nrho cov ntau vector!):

M = B * m;

qhov twg M - tag nrho cov vector caij ntawm kev quab yuam; B - magnetic induction; m - tus nqi ntawm lub magnetic caij.

Attendance nthuav magnetic teb induction solenoid. Nws yog ib tug kheej kheej nrog ib tug hlau mob raws hluav taws xob uas tam sim no ntws. Nws yog ib qho ntawm feem siv hais nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob engineering. Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, nrog rau cov solenoids txhua tus neeg ntsej muag tag nrho lub sij hawm, tsis muaj txawm paub txog nws. Yog li, cov generated tam sim no magnetic teb hauv lub tog raj kheej yog kiag li homogeneous, thiab nws cov vector yog hais coaxially nrog lub tog raj kheej. Tab sis sab nraum lub tog raj kheej tsev nyob ntawm lub magnetic induction vector tsis tuaj kawm ntawv (zero). Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog tsuas muaj tseeb rau ib tug zoo meej kauj nrog infinite ntev. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, cov kev txwv no sib txawv. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov induction vector yog tsis sib npaug zos rau zero (lub teb yog kaw nyob rau hauv thiab ib ncig ntawm lub tog raj kheej), thiab lub internal configuration kuj loses nws homogeneity. Yog vim li cas, ces, yuav tsum tau qhov "zoo tagnrho qauv"? Heev yooj yim! Yog hais tias tsawg tshaj li qhov ntev ntawm lub lub tog raj kheej txoj kab uas hla (feem ntau yog), qhov chaw ntawm lub solenoid induction vector suab coincides nrog no cov yam ntxwv zoo tagnrho qauv. Paub qhov taub thiab ntev ntawm tus kheej kheej, nws yog ua tau rau xam qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm tus kawg induction kauj thiab nws zoo tagnrho (infinite) counterpart. Nws yog feem ntau yog qhia raws li ib feem pua.