Wave thaj chaw ntawm lub teeb

Yog hais tias koj thov kom lub nruab nrab tus neeg zoo li cas nws paub lub thaj chaw ntawm lub teeb, tsis muaj ib tug tsis ntseeg, txhua leej txhua tus tam sim ntawd hu rau "thiaj". Tseeb, muaj tej zaum yog ib tug me nyuam uas yuav tsis nyiam ua si rau ib hnub ci hnub nrog ib tug me me daim iav casts rays - thiaj li hu ua sunbeams. Yeej, muaj ntau yam tseem nco ntsoov, nws yog zoo mus ua si nrog ntxoov ntxoo - kuj yog ib tug manifestation ntawm ib qho ntawm lub thaj chaw ntawm lub teeb. Tab sis rau ib txhia yuav tau qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lub vuag, uas cov xov tooj cua thiab TV ua si kis tau tus mob yog tib yam teeb. Yog tsis muaj txuj ci tseem ceeb - tag nrho cov yooj yim piav qhia. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no tsis meej pem yog nthwv dej thaj chaw ntawm lub teeb.

Tej yam khoom uas uas atoms yog nyob rau hauv ib tug pog lub xeev, tsim electromagnetic tawg xwm. Lub mechanism yog yooj yim: tej hais yuav mus rau ib tug lub xeev ntawm lub zog tshuav nyiaj li cas, yog li ntawd, emit tshaj zog. Nws yuav ua tau sov so, pom lub teeb, los yog lwm yam hom ntawm hluav taws xob. Yuav ua li cas yog lub teeb? Yog hais tias peb xav txog tag nrho cov spectrum, tus pom qhov muag tawg occupies frequencies nyob rau hauv ntau 790-390 THz. Lub peculiarity ntawm no tawg yog hais tias nws muaj ob lub yoj thaj chaw ntawm lub teeb thiab lub zog ntawm cov hais (corpuscular). Leej twg yog xav nyob rau hauv kev nrhav, tseeb, kuv tau hnov cov lus "photon engine". Los ntawm nws nozzles yog rho tawm lub teeb hais - photons, muab mem tes tshwm sim. Yuav ua li cas, ces, mus rau to taub "nthwv dej thaj chaw ntawm lub teeb," yog hais tias peb yuav tau tham txog hais? Lub fact tias peb muaj ib tug pom lub teeb yog dual: nws muaj peev xwm yuav sawv cev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hluav taws xob, raws li zoo raws li ib tug kwj ntawm cov hais. Ib tug series ntawm thwmsim qhia tias ob qho tag nrho views muaj tseeb.

Thaum xaiv cov yoj thaj chaw ntawm lub teeb, ua tib zoo hais cuam. Nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev hloov ntawm luminance (siv) nto chaw illuminated los ntawm ob peb lub teeb kab teeb. Uas cuam tshuam pub Jung rau kev nws nto moo ob-txoj kab txiav xyaum ua tej yam.

Cov nram qab no cov khoom teejtug - qhov no diffraction. No tshwm sim, muaj ntau ntau cov lus qhia, tab sis rau ib tug neeg txawv nrog rau lub optics yuav ua nyob rau hauv lub nram qab no piav: diffraction yog ib tug yoj bypassing obstacles. Uas yog, nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav, cov tawg flux los ntawm ib tug taw tes qhov twg los yeej tsis "mob" tus duab ntxoov ntxoo cheeb tsam ntawm tus kwv tsim los ntawm ob tug vectors, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev xyaum no assumption yog ua txhaum. "Txhaum" yog tus diffraction. Tej zaum nws yog ntshai raws li ib tug ntawm cov ces cuam, uas tsis yog ib tug yuam kev.

Nws yog dav paub phenomenon ntawm refraction. Nws yuav pom nyob rau hauv tsev: nws yog txaus hliv dej rau hauv ib lub iav thiab muab ib dia. Yog hais tias peb tam sim no saib diav, ces nyob rau lub hlws ris ntawm huab cua-dej hnov distortion uas tau ua txhaum cov geometric raug. Qhov no tshwm sim vim refraction ntawm tus ciam ntawm ob tug sib txawv tawm.

Muaj koj puas tau xav yog vim li cas ib hnub ci lub caij ntuj no hnub lub teeb khov yog li ntawd siab hais tias koj yuav tsum tau coj tsom iav nrog tinted qhov rais? Yog vim li cas rau qhov no thiaj sab ntawm ib tug dawb nto tsim los ntawm cov daus. Part ntawm lub yoj hloov nws kev taw qhia txog tsab ntawv tsa suab yog ntxeev vim lub sis raug zoo nrog rau qhov chaw.

Yuav kom kawm tus cwj pwm ntawm hais nyob rau hauv quantum dab siv kho qhov muag grating. Yog hais tias ntau tshaj ib tug laser beam nyiaj tso ncaj thaum uas tig mus nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev coj, thiab lawv counter - lwm yam kab teeb, qhov khoob yuav tshwm sim zog tej zaum. Ambient nruab nrab atoms yog feeb meej nyob rau hauv nws cov minima, txoj kev zoo sib thooj ntawm tus siv lead ua ntxaij ntoo. By ua lub zaus rays, lub kaum sab xis ntawm lawv los yog faib tau lub hwj chim, nws yog ua tau los tswj tus cwj pwm ntawm cov atoms.