Muab khaws tseg lens

Lens - pob tshab lub cev uas yog bounded los ntawm ob kheej kheej chaw. Lub ntsiab feature yog lub peev xwm ntawm lub lens muab kev kawm rau hauv cov duab. Lawv muaj peev xwm yuav xav txog tej yam thiab tiag, inverted thiab ncaj, txo kom tsawg thiab mob. Lub linear qhov ntev ntawm daim duab hloov nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom.

Zoom lens - tus piv ntawm cov linear duab thiab tus kwv loj. Lub magnification tau (K) yuav qhia los ntawm cov mis: K = u / v, qhov twg u yog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub lens rau tus kwv, thiab v - deb ntawm lub lens rau daim duab. Lub magnification zoo tshaj yuav yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm yuav ua li cas linear qhov ntev ntawm ib yam khoom loj los yog me me duab loj.

Nyob rau hauv science, muaj xws li tej yam uas raws li sau lens thiab diverging. Thawj thicker nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab thinner rau ntawm ntug, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv tsis tooj. Lub lo ntsiab muag yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug focal ntev (los ntawm kho qhov muag lub chaw mus rau lub focal point: thaum lub diverging lens, nws yog yam tsis zoo, thiab nyob rau muab khaws tseg - zoo), thiab cov kho qhov muag lub hwj huam uas yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv diopters. Lub focal ntev ntawm ib 'meter' yog 1 diopter. Kho qhov muag hwj chim nyob ntawm lub curvature radii ntawm lub kheej kheej lens chaw, thiab cov khoom (refractive index ntawm nws) uas yog tsim los. Nws yog ib lub reciprocal ntawm lub focal ntev.

Cov muab khaws tseg lens yog distinguished los ntawm tawg:

1. Sau lub teeb.

2. Cov npoo ntawm cov thinner nruab nrab.

3. Nws yog ib tug sau ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm expanding rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib tug lens (tab sis tsis mus rau lub npoo) ntawm lub voos prisms.

4. ua kom pom tseeb lens (piv txwv li lub taw tes rau ntawm kev tshuam ntawm lub rays tom qab refraction, nyob rau ntawm lub ntsiab kho qhov muag axis), yog ib tug tiag tiag (tsis xav txog tej yam), raws li rays tshuam lawv tus kheej, es tsis lawv txuas ntxiv.

5. Muaj peev xwm mus sau cov rays teeb meem rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib tug taw tes, uas yog nyob rau sab tod los ntawm lub lens.

6. Cov muab khaws tseg lens yuav tsum tau ua rau cov kev kawm los ntawm ib tog twg, thiab nyob rau lub beams yuav tsum tau koom ua ke, txij li thaum xws li ib tug lens muaj ob tug ua kom pom tseeb. Nyob rau tus kho qhov muag axis ntawm pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab lub foci nyob rau tog twg los sab ntawd thaum lub focal deb ntawm lub lens thawj xib fwb point.

Ntaub ntawv rau lo ntsiab muag

• quartz iav. Nws ntseg kub kuj thiab bandwidth ultraviolet rays. Raws li nws yog inert rau ntau cov tshuaj;

• silicon. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas combines siab dispersion muaj ib tug loj tsis nqi ntawm cov refractive index nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm infrared tawg, tag nrho opacity nyob rau hauv qhov pom ntau yam ntawm lub spectrum;

• organic polymers. Los ntawm molding nws yog tau los mus tsim pheej yig aspherical lo ntsiab muag, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no lub sij hawm. Mos hu lo ntsiab muag yog siv nyob rau hauv Ophthalmology, yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj biphasic xwm. Silicone-gidrolievye linzyblagodarya oxygen permeability thiab siab hydrophilic thaj chaw ntawm lub ua ke yuav siv tsis tu ncua rau ib lub hlis;

• lwm yam ntaub ntawv.

hom ntawm lo ntsiab muag

Muab sau khaws cia lo ntsiab muag yog muab faib ua 3 hom:

• biconcave;

• plano-convex;

• ib tug concave-convex.

Kis lo ntsiab muag yog tseem muab faib ua 3 hom:

• biconcave;

• plano-concave;

• convex-concave.

Lub lo ntsiab muag yuav ua tau tej yam yooj yim, thiab muaj peev xwm yuav ua ke los ntawm ob peb - mus tsim ib co zoo ntawm complex optical systems. Lens system, teem rau ntawm ib tug deb, uas nws axes coincide yog hu ua ib tug rau nruab nrab.

Kev siv cov lo ntsiab muag

Lawv yog cov tsim nyog rau qhov siv thiab ua telescopes, rub kom pom loj, binoculars, cov koob yees duab, projectors, kho qhov muag sights , etc. Lub lo ntsiab muag yog siv feem nyob rau hauv Ophthalmology, raws li yuav tsum tau rau cov neeg uas tsis pom kev tsis xws luag xws li myopia thiab hyperopia. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ib zaug xwb muab khaws tseg lens yog siv raws li ib tug magnifying khob.