Skeletal system thiab loj nqaij pawg

Npag system yog hais txog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws lom subsystems los ntawm cov uas lub cev ua ntau yam movements.

Nws yuav tuaj raws li ib tug txheej ntawm nqaij fibers muaj peev xwm ntawm contraction. Lub fibers yog koom ua ke nyob rau hauv bundles, uas tsim rau cov nqaij ntshiv li tshwj xeeb lub cev los yog lawv tus kheej nkag mus rau hauv nruab nrog cev. Nqaij loj yog ntau tshaj li uas ntawm lwm yam lub cev: nyob rau hauv ib co tsiaj nws yog 50 feem pua ntawm lub cev hnyav, thiab ib tug txiv neej - 40 feem pua. Npag system converts tshuaj zog rau hauv tshav kub thiab txhua yam muaj zog.

npag musculature

Nyob rau hauv vertebrates, npag musculature yog muab faib mus rau hauv lub nram qab no pab pawg:

• Somatic, muaj ib puab thiab txoj kev ua nqaij ntshiv ntawm lub nqua. Qhov no muaj xws li skeletal leeg.
• Visceral (ib feem ntawm cov viscera). Nws yog du thiab mob leeg.

Lub npag system ntawm tus txiv neej

Skeletal nqaij yog striated thiab arbitrary. Lawv txuas mus rau cov pob txha thiab yog cylindrical muaj fiber ntau ntev ntawm 1-10 cm.

Txhua leeg fiber - yog undifferentiated cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) uas muaj ntau cores txheej txheem rau lub periphery. Lub periphery muaj xws li differentiated striated myofibrils. Nws puag ncig lub periphery ntawm lub pob tshab sheath (sarcolemma), uas muaj collagen fibrils. Ib tug me me pab pawg neeg ntawm fibers yog surrounded endomysium; loj nqaij tebchaw yog bundles ntawm fibers, ua rau hauv lub puab peremizy; txhua leeg surrounded los ntawm ib tug txheej peremiziem. Nqaij thiab connective cov ntaub so ntswg tseem mus rau txhua lwm yam thiab interconnected. Tag nrho cov nqaij yog muab ntim rau hauv ib lub hnab hu ua fascia. Skeletal system muaj xws li nqaij, txhua tus uas yog kev cob cog rua rau lub qab haus huv thiab cov hlab ntsha thiab yog penetrated lawv.

Nqaij pab kom qhov nqi koj tshuav ntawm lub cev, mus nqa tawm lub zog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiab qhov tseem ceeb heev taw ntawm tag nrho cov lub cev qhov chaw.

Du nqaij nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab hauv nruab nrog cev. Qhov ntev ntawm no hom ntawm nqaij yog 0.02-0.2 hli. Lawv yog deprived ntawm striation, lawv zoo tsa ib tug ntxaiv. tus mob hlwb yog dawb nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov tub ntxhais.

Du nqaij pab thauj uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub hollow kabmob (khoom noj khoom haus nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv, piv txwv li). Lawv muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ntawm lub siab, lub expansion thiab contraction ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv, lwm yam movements ntawm lub cev. Rau tus nqaij lub luag hauj lwm autonomic lub paj hlwb.

Licas muaj xws li cov kev mob plawv, uas yog pom xwb nyob rau hauv lub plawv phab ntsa. Nws tsis tu ncua txo lub neej, muab cov ntshav khiav los ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab nourishing tshuaj tsim nyog ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob.

Musculo-skeletal system

Cov tib neeg lub cev muaj txog 400 striated nqaij, uas yog txo nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm lub hauv paus poob siab system.

Musculo-skeletal system muaj xws li nqaij, pob txha, tendons, pob qij txha, ligaments thiab pob txha mos uas ua tau yuav luag 75% ntawm lub cev hnyav. Qhov no system muab tib neeg lub cev ib tug tej yam zoo, tso cai rau nws sawv ntsug thiab mus kev. Cev pob txha mus rau lub nruab nrog cev thiab cov nqaij ua hauj lwm pab raws li lub cev pob txha, nws kuj tiv thaiv lub siab ntsws tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Cov pob txha noog minerals xws li phosphorus thiab poov hlau. Lub sab hauv ntawm lub pob txha yog sawv cev los ntawm lub hlwb pob txha, koom nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm cov ntshav (liab hlwb, dawb lub hlwb thiab platelets).

Thaum raug mob thiab cov kab mob ntawm ib qho twg ntawm cov licas yog disturbed statics thiab muaj zog ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws suffers tag nrho licas, hauv nruab nrog cev, ib yam nkaus thiab, cease rau ua kom zoo. Piv txwv li, los ntawm shortening ib tug ntawm cov nqua yog nkhaus txha nqaj qaum, uas ua rau deformation ntawm lub hauv siab, raws li ib tug tsim nyog tau - raug kev txom nyem los ntawm lub plawv hauv nruab nrog cev thiab ua tsis taus pa.