Yuav ua li cas yog enzymes

Tej sia - nws yog ib tug zoo meej zog, nyob rau hauv uas txhua txhua feeb muaj tej yam tshuaj. Cov dab ua tsis tau yam uas tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm enzymes. Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi enzymes? Yuav ua li cas yog lawv cov luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm tus kab mob? Yuav ua li cas yog lawv? Yuav ua li cas yog lub mechanism ntawm lawv cov teebmeem? Hauv qab no yog cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug.

Yuav ua li cas yog enzymes?

Enzymes, los yog, raws li lawv yog hu ua, enzymes yog protein ntau ceg. Qhov no biologically active tshuaj, uas ua raws li catalysts ntawm tshuaj tshua. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm enzymes yog ib qhov nyuaj rau overestimate, vim hais tias yog tsis muaj lawv yuav tsis ua tej yam txheej txheem nyob rau hauv ib tug nyob ntawm tes thiab rau tag nrho cov kab mob.

Lub sij hawm "enzyme" twb npaj siab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th ib tug naas ej chemist Helmont. Thiab txawm hais tias tus zoo kws tshawb fawb ntawm lub sij hawm to taub hais tias cov nqaij yog nqis nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm pais plab kua txiv, thiab cov hmoov txhuv nplej los ntawm cov qaub ncaug so cia rau tej yam yooj yim suab thaj, tsis muaj ib tug paub tias dab tsi nws yog tshwm sim los zoo ib yam li muaj dab. Tab sis nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 19th caug xyoo, Kirchhoff thawj qhia los ntawm muaj qaub enzymes - amylase. Ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab nws tau piav pais plab pepsin. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov kev kawm ntawm enzymology pib los mus tsim.

Yuav ua li cas yog enzymes? Properties thiab mechanism ntawm qhov kev txiav txim

Rau ib tug pib nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias tag nrho cov enzymes yog cov nqaijrog yog nyob hauv cov ntshiab daim ntawv los yog protein complex. Rau hnub tim, lub deduced amino acid ib theem zuj zus ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov enzymes ntawm tib neeg lub cev.

Lub ntsiab khoom teejtug uas yog enzymes - ib tug siab things. Txhua enzyme yuav catalyze tsuas yog ib hom ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, proteolytic enzymes tsuas muab siab npuab linkages ntawm amino acid seem ntawm cov protein ntau molecule. Tej zaum ib tug substrate (kwv raug enzyme) yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam ob peb structurally zoo xws li cov enzymes.

Txawm li cas los, lub enzyme yuav tsum hais kom meej tsis tsuas mus rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub substrate. Feem ntau pab pawg neeg tseem ntawm enzymes. Qhov no txhais tau tias ib tug tej yam enzyme yuav ua rau tsuas yog ib lub tej pab pawg neeg ntawm substrates uas muaj ib tug zoo xws li cov qauv.

Tab sis tej zaum muaj yog li ntawd-hu ua tsis things. Qhov no txhais tau tias lub enzyme yuav khi mus rau lub active site ntawm tsuas yog ib qho substrate. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nyob rau hauv qhov xwm ntawm no tseem yog tsawg. Tab sis piv txwv li, peb yuav nco qab lub enzyme urease, uas muaj peev xwm tsuas catalyze lub hydrolysis ntawm urea.

Tam sim no peb tau pom hais tias xws li enzymes. Tab sis cov tshuaj yuav ua tau txawv heev. Yog li ntawd, lawv feem ntau yog txwv kom muab zais.

kev faib ntawm enzymes

Niaj hnub nimno science paub ntau tshaj li ob txhiab enzymes, tab sis qhov no yog tsis lub caij nyoog tooj. Rau ntxiv kom yooj yim, lawv muab faib ua rau lub ntsiab pawg, nyob ntawm seb lub tshwmsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

• Oxidoreductases - ib pab pawg neeg ntawm enzymes uas koom nyob rau hauv redox tshua. Feem ntau, lawv ua yog hloov los yog acceptors ntawm electrons thiab hydrogen ions. Cov enzymes yog qho tseem ceeb heev, vim cov txheej txheem muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cell metabolism thiab mitochondrial respiration.
• Transferase - enzymes uas muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov kev hloov ntawm atomic pab pawg los ntawm ib tug substrate rau lwm tus. Muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub intermediate metabolism.
• Lyase - xws enzymes uas muaj peev xwm ntawm cleaving lub substrate ntawm atomic pawg tsis muaj ib tug hydrolytic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Feem ntau, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev no ua ib tug dej molecule los yog cov pa roj carbon dioxide.
• Hydrolase - ib qho enzyme uas catalyzes lub hydrolytic cleavage ntawm lub substrate nrog rau kev siv ib tug dej molecule.
• Isomerase - raws li lub npe no qhia, cov enzymes catalyze lub hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm qhov teeb meem los ntawm ib tug isomeric daim ntawv mus rau lwm lub.
• Ligases - enzymes uas catalyze cov khoom cua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Raws li yuav pom, enzymes - cov no yog cov tseem ceeb heev rau lub cev cov ntaub ntawv uas, tsis muaj uas tus dab ntawm lub neej yog tsuas tsis yooj yim sua.