Yuav ua li cas yog Embryology? Uas tshuaj xyuas qhov kev kawm ntawm cov embryology?

Science Biology encompasses ib tug ntau yam zoo siab, vim hais tias ib tug nyuaj kev qhuab qhia mus rau puag tag nrho cov muaj ntau haiv neeg nyob thiab kawm tag nrho cov uas nws kim heev biomass uas muab peb nrog peb ntiaj chaw.

Txhua science, nyob rau hauv lem, kuj muaj ib tug tej yam kev faib kem soj ntsuam txog cov kev txiav txim siab ntawm tej teeb meem. Yog li, nws zoo nkaus li tias tag nrho lub neej yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev tswj ntawm tus neeg yog paub tias yuav lawv, piv, kawm thiab siv tau rau lawv tus kheej xav tau kev pab.

Ib tug ntawm cov kev kawm yog los embryology, uas yog thiab yuav mus ntxiv rau nws.

Embryology - Lom sciences

Yuav ua li cas yog Embryology? Yuav ua li cas nws yeej ua tau thiab yog dab tsi cov kev tshawb fawb? Embryology - lub science uas explores ib feem ntawm ib tug nyob kab mob txij thaum lub tsim ntawm lub zygote (fertilized qe) thiab lub neej voj voog rau cov me nyuam yug. Hais tias yog tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm rau hauv lub embryonic txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv kom meej, txij thaum ntau cleavage ntawm fertilized hlwb (gastrula theem) thiab ua ntej yug me nyuam ntawm lub tiav lawm lub cev.

Cov kwv thiab kev kawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb no

Lub homphiaj ntawm no science yog embryos (embryos) hauv qab no muaj tus kab mob:

1. Nroj tsuag.
2. Tsiaj txhu.
3. Tus Neeg.

Cov kev kawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb no ntawm embryology yog cov nram no dab:

1. Cell division tom qab fertilization.
2. Cov tsim ntawm peb kab khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg nyob rau hauv lub embryo ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej.
3. Kev Kawm Ntawv coelomic kab noj hniav.
4. Tsim kom muaj symmetry yav tom ntej embryo.
5. Cov tsos ntawm plhaub ib ncig ntawm lub embryo, noj ib feem nyob rau hauv nws tsim.
6. Kev kawm ntawv cov tub ceev xwm thiab lawv lub nruab.

Yog hais tias koj saib nyob rau ib tug kwv thiab kev kawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb no ntawm no science, nws yuav meej li cas embryology thiab dab tsi nws ua li.

Cov hom phiaj thiab phiaj

Lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj uas txo nws hwj peredsoboy no science - mus muab cov lus teb rau cov lus nug txog cov emergence ntawm lub neej nyob rau lub ntiaj teb no, yuav ua li cas yog tsim ntawm ib tug multicellular kab mob, yuav ua li cas rau cov kev cai ntawm cov organic xwm yog raug rau tag nrho cov kev ntawm tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub fetus, raws li zoo raws li yam thiab yuav ua li cas muaj kev cuam tshuam no tsim.

Yuav kom ua tau lub hom phiaj ntawm science embryology ntawm cov hauv qab no pab raws qib:

1. Ib tug tshawb kom ntxaws txog progeneza dab (tsim ntawm txiv neej thiab poj niam gametes - oogenesis thiab spermatogenesis).
2. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub mechanisms ntawm tsim thiab ntxiv zygote embryo tsim kom txog thaum lub sij hawm ntawm nws tso tawm rau sab nraum (lub daug lawm ntawm lub qe, lub qe los yog yug me nyuam ntawm lub teeb).
3. Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tag nrho cov cell voj voog nyob rau hauv lub molecular theem, siv high-kev daws teeb meem niaj hnub khoom.
4. Kev soj ntsuam thiab kev sib piv ntawm cov mechanisms hlwb nyob rau hauv cov qub thiab pathological dab nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau cov tshuaj.

Daws cov saum toj no teeb meem thiab ua tau raws li lub hom phiaj, cov kev kawm ntawm embryology yuav tau tsiv mus nyob rau cov tib neeg rau pem hauv ntej nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab ntawm lub ntuj kev cai ntawm cov organic ntiaj teb no, raws li zoo raws li mus nrhiav kev daws teeb meem rau ntau cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, nyob rau hauv particular txog ntxiv lawm tshob thiab yug menyuam.

Keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob

Kev loj hlob ntawm embryology raws li ib tug science, mus los ntawm ib tug complex thiab thorny txoj kev. Nws tag nrho cov pib nrog ob tug poj zaum thiab philosophers ntawm tag nrho cov sij hawm - Aristotle thiab Hippocrates. Thiab nws yog nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm embryology lawv txwv mus rau views ntawm txhua lwm yam.

Piv txwv li, Hippocrates yog ib tug supporter ntawm cov kev tshawb xav, uas tau muaj rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm, kom txog thaum lub XVII caug xyoo. Nws twb hu ua "preformation" thiab nws cov essence yog raws li nram no. Txhua nyob kab mob loj zuj zus tuaj nyob rau hauv loj lub sij hawm, tab sis tsis tsim hauv ib yam tshiab lug thiab kabmob. Vim hais tias tag nrho cov lub cev yog twb nyob rau hauv lawm daim ntawv no, tab sis ntau npaum li cas txo, yog nyob rau hauv ib tug txiv neej los sis poj niam me nyuam ntawm tes (nyob ntawm no, lub ntawm UFW ntawm cov kev tshawb xav yog tsis precisely txhais nyob rau hauv lawv views: ib co xav hais tias tag nrho cov tib nyob rau hauv tus poj niam, lwm tus txiv neej nyob rau hauv lub tawb). Yog li, nws zoo nkaus li uas lub embryo hlob cia li npaj txhij txhua lub cev tau los ntawm leej txiv los yog leej niam.

Tsis tas li ntawd tom qab proponents ntawm no ziag no yog Sharl Bonne, Marcello Malpighi, thiab lwm tus neeg.

Aristotle, on qhov tsis tooj, yog ib tug nrog sib ntaus ntawm cov kev tshawb xav ntawm preformation thiab supporter ntawm epigenetic kev tshawb xav. Lub gist ntawm nws yog li no: tag nrho cov lub cev thiab cov yam ntxwv hais uas muaj sia nyob tsim nyob rau hauv lub embryo maj, nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob thiab nrog ib puag ncig. Proponents ntawm no ziag no tau feem ntau kws tshawb fawb ntawm cov Renaissance, coj los ntawm Georges Buffon, Karlom Berom.

Ua tau embryology raws li ib tug science sawv nyob rau hauv lub XVIII caug xyoo. Cia li ces muaj yog ib tug series ntawm ci ntsa iab discoveries, uas tso cai rau rau kev tsom xam thiab saib lub ntsab lug sau cov ntaub ntawv thiab muab nws mus rau hauv ib tug coherent kev tshawb xav.

1. 1759 K. Wolff qhia txog cov kev kuaj pom thiab tsim thaum lub sij hawm embryonic txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub nqaij qaib kab khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, uas muaj peev xwm ces muab sawv mus tshiab lug thiab lub cev.
2. 1827 Carl Baer qhib lub qe tsiaj. Nws kuj luam tawm nws ua hauj lwm, uas qhia txog cov gradual tsim ntawm tus kab khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, thiab cov tub ceev xwm yog nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov noog.
3. Carl Baer qhia zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv lub embryonic qauv ntawm cov noog, cov tsiaj reptiles thiab cov tsiaj, uas tso cai rau nws kos ib tug xaus txog cov kev sib sau ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm hom, raws li zoo raws li txhais tau lawv txoj cai (Baer): txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob no los ntawm cov general rau lub particular. Hais tias yog, chiv tag nrho cov lug yog tib yam, tsis hais txog ntawm lub hom, siab zoo los yog hauv chav kawm ntawv. Thiab tsuas nrog rau cov zaj uas lub sij hawm muaj ib tug neeg specializations ntawm txhua zeej.

Tom qab no discoveries thiab piav txog cov kev qhuab qhia yog pib nce zog nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob. Tsim embryology ntawm vertebrate thiab invertebrate tsiaj, nroj tsuag thiab tib neeg.

niaj hnub embryology

Thaum lub tam sim no theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm embryology pom qhia cov essence ntawm cell ntau yam mechanisms nyob rau hauv multicellular kab mob, pom cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm ntau yam reagents rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub embryo. Kuj zoo kawg thiab mloog yog them rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub mechanisms ntawm pathological tej yam kev mob thiab lawv feem nyob rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub embryo.

Achievements ntawm niaj hnub science, enabling ntau siab qhia qhov teeb meem ntawm dab tsi embryology, yog raws li nram no:

1. DP Filatov pom cov mechanisms ntawm kev sib nrig sib cawv ntawm cellular lug tiv thaiv txhua lwm yam nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm embryonic txoj kev loj hlob, embryology yam ntaub ntawv nrog lub theoretical khoom ntawm evolutionary kev tshawb xav.
2. Severtsev tsim cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm recapitulation, lub essence ntawm uas yog tias ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.
3. P. P. Ivanov tsim cov kev tshawb xav ntawm larval lub cev feem nyob rau hauv protostomes tsiaj.
4. Svetlov formulates kev cai los taws lub feem ntau complex, tseem ceeb heev lub sij hawm ntawm embryogenesis.

Nyob rau hauv no niaj hnub embryology tsis nres thiab tseem mus tshawb thiab mus nrhiav tus tshiab cov qauv thiab mechanisms ntawm cell cytogenetic bases.

Kev sib txuas lus nrog lwm yam sciences

Me nyuam yaus ntawm Embryology zoo txog mus rau lwm cov sciences. Tom qab tag nrho, tsuas yog tus kev siv ntawm theoretical cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tag nrho cov phooj ywg disciplines pub koj tau txais tiag tiag zoo tau thiab ua ib qho tseem ceeb cov lus xaus.

Nrog rau cov nram qab no sciences zoo txog embryology:

• histology;
• cytology;
• noob caj noob ces;
• biochemistry;
• molecular biology uas;
• lub cev;
• physiology;
• tshuaj.

Cov Embryology ib qho tseem ceeb hauv paus rau cov sciences, thiab vice versa. Hais tias yog, ob-txoj kev sib txuas lus, kev sib nrig sib.

Classification embryology seem

Embryology - lub science uas kawm tsis tau tsuas yog cov tsim ntawm lub embryo, tab sis kuj bookmark tag nrho nws cov lug thiab nws yav dhau los daim ntawv lub keeb kwm ntawm kab hlwb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub Scope ntawm nws cov kev tshawb, thiab physico-tshuaj yam rau cov me nyuam hauv plab. Yog li ntawd, xws li ib tug siab theoretical volume ntawm cov khoom tau tso cai rau tsim ob peb seem ntawm no science:

1. General embryology.
2. Seb.
3. Kev sib piv.
4. Environmental.
5. Developmental biologists.

Txoj kev ntawm kev kawm science

Nyob rau hauv embryology, raws li nyob rau hauv lwm yam sciences, nws muaj nws tus kheej txoj kev kawm ntau yam teeb meem.

1. Microscopy (electronic, lub teeb).
2. kob lug txoj kev.
3. Intravital xyuas (mus txog qhovtwg morphogenetic taw).
4. Daim ntawv thov histochemistry.
5. Introduction ntawm radioisotopes.
6. Biochemical txoj kev.
7. Qhov phais ntawm lub embryo.

Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tus tib neeg embryo

tib neeg embryology yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws seem ntawm no science, vim hais tias ua tsaug rau lub muaj coob tus neeg soj ntsuam ntawm nws kev tshawb fawb yuav daws tau ntau yam kev teeb meem.

Yuav ua li cas xyov yog kawm cov kev qhuab qhia?

1. Theem-nucleus txheej txheem ntawm ib tug neeg, uas muaj xws li ob peb lub ntsiab theem - crushing, gastrulation, histogenesis thiab organogenesis.
2. Tsim kom muaj ntau yam pathologies thaum lub sij hawm embryogenesis thiab lawv ua.
3. Nyhuv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj yam rau tib neeg embryo.
4. Cov tau tsim dag tej yam kev mob rau nucleation thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov tshuaj cov neeg ua hauj mus soj ntsuam cov tshuaj rau lawv.

tseem ceeb ntawm science

Embryology muab lub sij hawm los mus kawm cov nta ntawm tsim ntawm embryos, xws li:

• cov nqe lus ntawm kev kawm lub cev thiab lawv lub nruab ntawm kab khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg;
• lub feem ntau ib qho tseem ceeb lub sij hawm ntawm ontogeny ntawm lub embryo;
• uas muaj kev cuam tshuam lawv tsim thiab yuav ua li cas tswj tau nws rau cov kev xav tau ntawm tus neeg.

Nws kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv nrog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lwm sciences cia tibneeg los daws kom tau ib qho tseem ceeb cov teeb meem ntawm universal kev kho mob thiab kho tsiaj txoj kev npaj.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm kev qhuab qhia rau cov neeg

Yuav ua li cas yog tib neeg embryology rau? Yuav ua li cas nws muab nws? Vim li cas koj xav tau nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev kawm?

Firstly, embryology kev tshawb fawb thiab tso cai rau peb mus daws niaj hnub muaj teeb meem ntawm fertilization thiab tsim ntawm nuclei. Niaj hnub no, yog li ntawd, peb tsim txoj kev dag insemination, surrogacy, thiab hais txog.

Secondly, embryology txoj kev cia rau koj twv seb tag nrho cov tau anomalies ntawm lub fetus thiab mus tiv thaiv lawv.

Peb, embryologists yuav formulate thiab siv cov kev cai nyob rau hauv lub tiv thaiv kev ntsuas kom nchuav menyuam thiab ectopic cev xeeb tub, thiab ib ce muaj zog tswj cev xeeb tub.

Nws tsis yog tag nrho cov zoo sib tham qhuab qhia rau tib neeg beings. Nws yog ib tug sai tsim science, uas nws yav tom ntej yog tsis tau tuaj.