Yuav ua li cas yog cov kab mob thiab lawv cov luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm

Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub kawg ntawm XIX xyoo pua, zaum pib noog paub txog qhov sib txawv ntawm prokaryotic thiab eukaryotic cell , thiab thiaj li maj mam tseg ib daim nceeg vaj ntawm tus kab mob no, ua ke tsis muaj ntau yam zoo ntawm lub hlwb, - Protista. Txawm li cas los, yog dab tsi cov kab mob nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm lawv tsuas yuav tsum tau kawm: tsuas nyob rau hauv lub XX caug xyoo. txoj kev paub no tau raug systematized. Tus kab mob yog muab tso rau hauv tag nrho cov kev kawm, uas yog tau los txoos ua organic teeb meem. Lawv tso siab thiab tsis sov, salinity thiab acidity. Yog li, lub nceeg vaj ntawm cov kab mob nyob tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam, qhov chaw uas lawv decompose organic teeb meem rau lawv livelihoods, tab sis kuj densely populates ntau ntawm cov qog ua kua week ntawm cov tsiaj thiab tib neeg, pab zom zaub mov, thiab sib tw nrog pathogens. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo lawv lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub nitrogen metabolism, txij li thaum cyanobacteria muaj peev xwm tuav xwb atmospheric nitrogen. Txawm li cas los, ib co kab mob yog cov causative cov neeg ua hauj ntawm cov kab mob: rinderpest, co thiab plab hnyuv kab mob, mob syphilis, kab mob cholera thiab anthrax.

morphology

Ultrastroenie kab mob pom tsuas muaj ib tug electron tshuab kuaj kab mob, txawm li cas los, hais tias xws li cov kab mob, thiab yuav ua li cas lawv saib rau sab nraum, koj yuav saib tau thiab immersion microscopy siv tshwj xeeb uas tseg tau hom kev kawm. Qhov ntev ntawm cov kab mob yuav sib txawv ntawm 0.1 mus rau 10 microns, tab sis tso cai rau lub morphology ntawm cov kab mob sib faib lawv mus rau hauv peb lub ntsiab pawg: kheej kheej - cocci (mono-, tuav tseg thiab tetra-, streptococci thiab sartsiny), pas nrig - bacilli (mono-, diplo- , streptococci) thiab cov - vibrio, spirilla thiab spirochetes. Nyob rau hauv laboratory tej yam kev mob los mus txiav txim lub hom thiab thaj chaw ntawm lub enzyme yog zus nyob rau hauv zoo tib yam los yog tshwj xeeb as xov xwm los ntawm pawg tsim, thiab nyob rau hauv txawv kev kawm thiab lawv muaj ib tug txawv qauv ntawm kev loj hlob.

qauv

Nyob rau hauv kev, yog dab tsi tus kab mob txiav txim lawv ultrastructure. Sab nraum loo kab mob cell phab ntsa, muaj khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm peptidoglycan, teichoic acid thiab lipid. Concentration thawj txiav txim muaj peev xwm ntawm cov kab mob Gram tsuas los ntawm txoj kev nyob rau hauv lub smear, raws li uas lawv cov dej num nyob rau hauv gy + thiab Gr. Ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj ntxiv tiv thaiv qauv - ib tug capsule muaj K antigen thiab tiv thaiv lawv cov phagocytosis hauv microorganism, tshuaj lom los thiab txhua yam yam. Yog xav paub ntxiv hais txog dab tsi cov kab mob, nws yog tsim nyog los kawm lawv cov intracellular qauv: cov kab mob uas tau sau nrog cytoplasm, uas yaj lwm organelles (ribosomes, chromatophores) thiab lub xam nrog cov as-ham (lipids, piam thaj). Cov no, ib yam li tag nrho cov prokaryotes tsis tau muab cov keeb thiab tag nrho cov kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic ntaub ntawv uas yog cia nyob rau hauv ob-tso tseg nucleic acid molecule yog situated nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub nucleoid thiab tsau mus rau lub membrane ntawm ib tug taw tes. Tshaj ntawd nws caj ntaub ntawv yog muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug plasmid uas yuav txiav txim seb lub zog thiab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pathogenic yam. Rau kev tshem lawv siv flagella thiab spirillum, tsau nyob rau hauv lub cell basal cev, thiab lawv cov tu tub tu kiv tshwm sim los mus faib nyob rau hauv ob.