Yuav ua li cas yog cov Arctic thiab Antarctic? Lub ciam ntawm lub Arctic. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub Arctic. Lub thaj chaw ntawm lub Arctic

Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb xav tham txog dab tsi yog qhov Arctic. Cov neeg uas tau ntev kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv, raws li ib tug txoj cai, tam sim ntawd muaj me ntsis qhia rau peb txog nws. Wb nco ntsoov lub tsev kawm ntawv geography kev kawm.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov Arctic thiab Antarctic?

Ob leeg ntawm cov lus no txhais li cas ib feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, nyob ze ntawm lub tug. Tsuas yog ib tug ntawm cov qhov chaw belongs rau lub North Ncej, thiab lwm yam - mus rau sab qab teb. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws yog tsis muaj zem, thiab tau poob nyob rau hauv cov lus. Thiab tag nrho vim hais cov lus zoo xws li cov nyob rau hauv lub suab, tab sis tseem zoo li qub hauv paus.

Lub Arctic thiab Antarctic yog cov lus ntawm Greek keeb kwm, tab sis, theej, ib tug ancient Greek. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus - lub hauv paus ntawm "Arktos" txhais tau tias dais. Yog vim li cas yog nws ib tug dais?

Feem ntau cov yuav, lub rooj plaub nyob rau astronomy. Tseeb, muaj ntau ntawm cov constellation hu ua cov npe ntawm cov heroes ntawm Greek mythology: Centaur, Orion, Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Pegasus, Taurus, Cepheus. Xws li cov me me tshob thiab loj. Yog li ntawd, nws yog nyob rau hauv lub constellation ntawm Ursa Me yog lub North Star, uas yog suab nyob rau North Ncej. Qhov no hnub qub pinpoints sab qaum teb kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv lub hemisphere (sab qaum teb).

Qhov twg lub npe

Nws yog ib zajlus kom muaj kev pov plob hais tias lub npe yog muab tau los raws li nram no. Kohl Ncov qaumteb qabteb Star yog nyob rau hauv lub Ursa Me thiab Ursa - Arktos nws qhia tias cov kev cai ntawm lub sab qaum teb, no thiab cov Arctic. Nws hloov tawm hais tias lub Arctic - sab qaum teb lub ntiaj teb.

Tab sis Antarctica lub npe hu ua, raws li cov kev cai ntawm Greek qauv sau ntawv, los ntawm cov uas tus opposite nqi muaj lub prefix "anti". Ntawm no yog muaj ib tug assumption txog lub keeb kwm ntawm cov npe ntawm Arctic thiab Antarctic.

Arctic

Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi Arctic? Nws yog ib thaj chaw ntawm av uas nyob ib sab mus rau lub North Ncej. Nws muaj xws li cov continental paj tau paj ntawm North America, Eurasia, yuav luag tag nrho cov Arctic dej hiav txwv thiab cov kob, raws li zoo li ib co uas nyob ib sab qhov chaw ntawm lub Pacific thiab Atlantic dej hiav txwv. Los ntawm sab qab teb ciam ntawm lub Arctic feeb nyob rau lub Arctic vajvoog. Nws yog 66 degrees thiab 33 feeb north latitude. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, peb yuav hais tias cov Arctic cheeb tsam ntawm 21 lab square kilometers.

Lub climatic tej yam kev mob ntawm lub Arctic ib tug me ntsis softer dua lub Antarctic vim hais tias nws yog nce los ntawm dej hiav txwv currents.

Antarctic

Antarctica - yog sab qab teb polar qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb, uas yog nyob ib sab mus rau sab qab teb Ncej thiab muaj xws li Antarctica thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub Indian, Atlantic, Pacific Oceans. Lub climatic tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv Antarctica yog loj dua. Nws yog lub tsev mus rau penguins.

Arctic ciam teb

Qhov twg yog qhov xaus los yog pib Arctic? Arctic ciam teb feeb nyob, raws li peb tau hais tias, nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntau yam. Tiam sis feem ntau txias (arctic) tej yam kev mob muaj qhia nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau npaum li cas southerly cheeb tsam. Ces, noj mus rau hauv tus account cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub Arctic cheeb tsam los txog rau 27 lab square kilometers. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsiv mus nyob thiab nws cov ciam.

Arctic tsam - ib tug heev nplua nuj cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub hnyav climatic tej yam kev mob. Ntawm no yog feeb meej enormous reserves ntawm minerals: nyiaj, pob zeb diamond, kub, chromium, phosphorus thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Lub thaj chaw ntawm lub Arctic coj mus rau lub fact tias nws zwm rau lub ob peb qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, nyob rau hauv uas kom deb li deb tau tseem untouched reserves ntawm hydrocarbon thiab mineral raw cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaj av ntawd yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv roj thiab cov nkev.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias yav qab teb ciam ntawm lub Arctic feeb nyob (tib yam) nyob rau hauv yav qab teb ciam teb ntawm lub tundra.

Nyob rau hauv kev, nws yog heev nthuav thiab nws kim heev cheeb tsam. Thiab tham txog qhov chaw uas tus ciam ntawm lub Arctic, nws yog ua tau rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm. Nws yog tsis yooj yim li.

Txawm hais tias nws yog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib cheeb tsam, tiam sis cov ciam teb ntawm lub Arctic nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Nyob rau ib lub ntawm cov kev xaiv uas peb twb hais. Nws yog 66 degrees thiab 33 feeb north latitude. E. Tus ciam ntawm lub Arctic feeb nyob rau lub Arctic vajvoog. Mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm no latitude soj ntsuam cov nthuav phenomenon uas raws li lub ncov qaumteb qabteb hnub thiab ncov qaumteb qabteb hmo ntuj. Thiab uas txhais tau hais nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov hnub tsis teem ib lub sij hawm, thiab tej zaum lub hnub yeej tsis nce nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no. Ntawm no yog ib tug zoo feature.

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm climatic tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv tus ciam ntawm lub Arctic muaj chaw uas zoo heev, nyob qhov twg qhov nruab nrab Lub Xya hli ntuj kub tsis ntau tshaj kaum degrees. Ib tug interesting tseeb yog hais tias qhov no yog cov kev txwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag vim hais tias ntoo sab qaum teb tsis yog ciaj sia.

Climatic thiab chaw nyob ib thaj tsam ntawm lub Arctic feeb nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sib txawv. Ntawm no, piv txwv li, Iceland yog zoo sab qab teb ntawm lub Arctic vajvoog, tab sis nws muaj lub Xya hli ntuj kub tsis ntau tshaj 10 degrees.

Lub ntiaj teb Arctic

Arctic chaw uas zoo heev, los yog es, nws av, thaj tsam ntawm 14 lab square kilometers. Cov pawg neeg thaj av muaj huab sab qaum teb Holdings ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm lub xeev. Nws yog Russia, Greenland, Canada, USA, Norway, Iceland, Finland thiab Sweden.

Lub thaj chaw ntawm lub Arctic thiab ua nyob rau hauv xws li ib nthuav qhov teeb meem no. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias Canada thiab lub Lavxias teb sab Federation belongs rau lub feem ntau (80%), United States - 4 feem pua, thiab hauv lub Scandinavian lub teb chaws tau tsiv txog kaum feem pua. Qhov thib peb yog ib feem ntawm lub cheeb tsam - qhov no yog qhov Arctic hiav txwv, uas kom tshaj lub North Ncej. Feem ntau ntawm cov xyoo no nws yog them nrog dej khov.

Tej zaum nws tsis yog qho tseem ceeb heev, raws li tus ciam ntawm lub Arctic feeb nyob rau ntawm lub thaj taw tes ntawm view, yog hais tias peb yuav tau tham txog cais qhov chaw ntawm nws mus rau txawv teb chaws. Qhov no cheeb tsam yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv thaj cheeb tsam: lub Lavxias teb sab tsam, Canada cheeb tsam, Alaska, Greenland, Spitsbergen, Iceland thiab Fennoscandia.

Nyob rau hauv lub Arctic, Russia yog Kolguev (Island), North lub ntiaj teb, Franz Josef av, Novaya Zemlya, cov khoom Tshiab Siberian Islands tuaj, Wrangel, thiab lwm yam Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub Lavxias teb sab Arctic tsam belongs rau cov los yog tag nrho cov nram no: .. Sakha koom pheej, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Murmansk , Chukotka District, Yamalo-Nenets, Nenets thiab cov Taimyr ceg av qab teb.

Yuav ua li cas yog nws zoo li mus rau lub Arctic?

Tham txog dab tsi yog qhov Arctic, Kuv xav kom koj nco ntsoov hais tias nws tsis yog cov daus cov dej khov, raws li ib co neeg xav hais tias. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub fauna thiab muaj ntawm cov cheeb tsam no yog heev tshwj xeeb. Subarctic thiab arctic suab puam inhabited los ntawm tsawg kawg 20,000 txawv tsiaj ntawm cov nroj tsuag, fungi, tsiaj txhu thiab kab mob. Nws yog lub tsev mus rau cim tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag txawj, uas yog tsis pom qhov twg lwm rau lub ntiaj teb. Txawm nyob rau hauv xws hnyav kev kawm yog lub teb chaws Chaw ua si los rau kev txuag xwm. Txoj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov latitudes haum vaj tse rau tej hom fauna thiab muaj. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub Arctic yog 25% ntawm cov hom ntawm qhov kev txiav txim salmonids, hais txog 12% ntawm Lichens thiab mosses 6%.

Lawm, tus muaj thiab fauna heev unevenly faib tej yam ntuj tso chaw. Kab, xws li nyob ntawm no, ua li ib nrab ntawm cov hom ntau haiv ntawm cov ntiaj chaw. Oddly txaus, tab sis lub feem ntau enduring yog beetles thiab yoov, uas yog tau mas kub txog li rho tawm caum degrees. Bumblebees thiab yoov tshaj cum Arctic pollinate lub zos paj, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb muaj yuav luag tsis muaj muv. Raws li koj tau pom, lub Arctic - nws tsis yog ib tug muaj sia cheeb tsam, raws li muaj ntau yam ntseeg.

Nyob rau hauv lub view ntawm cov neeg Stereotype uas ciam teb lub Arctic muaj feeb muab qhia lub permafrost, thiab qhov dog dig ntiaj teb no, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag nws tsis yog li ntawd. Raws li koj tau pom, lub neej yog txawm nyob rau hauv hnyav tej kev kawm.

cog lub ntiaj teb no

Rau cov muaj ntse tsis meej pem nrog rau kev hwm mus rau yav qab teb (Neeg Esxias thiab American) nroj tsuag ntawm Arctic thiab tej yam qub qab. Nyob rau yav qab teb qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm Chukotka muaj steppe cheeb tsam. Zaum hais tias ib zaug tag nrho cov Arctic yog ib tug khoom steppe (nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm mammoths). Lub richest nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lub Arctic cheeb tsam - qhov no yog ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Chukotka thiab Wrangel Island. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam, tab sis plaub caug hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov tsiaj uas nyob rau hauv lub cev pob txha, nyob qhov twg lwm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tsis tshwm sim.

Nroj tsuag yog sawv cev los ntawm cereals, ncov qaumteb qabteb poppies, sedges, willow, Lichen, ntsias birch, liverworts, mosses (nyob ntawm no hlob tus naas ej Lichen - reindeer ntxhuab). Chaun Bay nyob rau ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Chukotka nyob rau hauv kev yog ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw. Muaj thickets ntawm seaweed, thiab relics ntawm yav dhau los, lub warmer lub centuries.

Arctic nroj tsuag - lub hauv paus rau tib neeg lub neej thiab tsiaj txhu nyob rau hauv cov qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov siv russules, cloudberries, Lichens thiab tshuaj ntsuab. Nyob rau hauv Iceland, piv txwv li, tau ntev ua noj mov thiab ci khob cij los zoo tib yam Lichen (hu ua Tsentrariya). Nws yog ib tug thawj coj nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib txoj lw ntsiab, vitamins, polysaccharides, ntau yam acids. Nws kuj ua raws li ib tug qhia ntawm lub purity ntawm qhov chaw.

tsiaj ntiaj teb no

Arctic hauj lwm yuav tsis tiav yam tsis muaj mention ntawm cov tsiaj ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no inhabited los ntawm cov feem ntau zoo nkauj tsiaj ntawm lub sab qaum teb - reindeer, uas muaj tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm me me hauv paus txawm haiv neeg. Rau nomadic reindeer nws yog ib qhov chaw ntawm lub hwj chim - nws yog cov mis nyuj, nqaij, hides, antlers. Tag nrho cov khoom uas ua rau nws ua tau rau hloov thiab nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm heev tsawg kub. Nqaij mos lwj tsuav - ib tug zoo heev khoom, ib puas grams ntawm cov nqaij yog txaus los xyuas kom meej cov vitamins thiab minerals ib tug neeg rau tag nrho lub hnub. Tsis tas li ntawd, nqaij mos lwj tsuav ua rau scurvy, beriberi, metabolism mob thiab anemia.

Cov neeg nyeg reindeer rau txhiab xyoo, lawv sau qoob tau ua ib tug ib txwm txoj hauj lwm ntawm sab qaum teb neeg. Tab sis cov haiv neeg ntawm North America tsis domesticate tsiaj, lawv xav mus plob hav zoov Caribou.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws pes tsawg tus ntawm reindeer nyob rau hauv lub Yamalo-Nenets koog tsev kawm ntawv, qhov chaw uas txhiab ntawm cov tsiaj yog grazed.

Arctic musk twm

Tseem nyob rau hauv lub Arctic musk twm - cov coob ungulates, lawv yog cov txheeb ze ntawm mammoths. Tsiaj txhu remarkably yoog mus rau lub neej nyob rau hauv lub hnyav ib puag ncig. Sov lub tsho ntev tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm tus mob khaub thuas thiab cua, lawv tsis yog tshwj xeeb xav tau nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov. Musk nyuj tau ntev muaj nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv Russia. Tam sim no, lawv nyob tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub Taimyr ceg av qab teb thiab Wrangel Island. Nyob rau hauv Canadian Islands tuaj, lawv muaj pes tsawg lossi hlob. Kom txog thaum lub ntxov thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, lawv nyob rau hauv Alaska. Zaum hais tias cov tsiaj tej zaum yuav pauv cov vaj tse vim ntiaj teb no ua kom sov, vim hais tias lawv yuav tsis nyob rau hauv ib lub qhov los nag uas ntub dej plaub. Yuav kom txo tau cov xov tooj ntawm cov tsiaj cuam tshuam thiab zoov. Lub vaj tsev uas ntuj ncov qaumteb qabteb hma sawv cev rau ib tug loj txaus ntshai rau kev tua mos thiab rau musk twm.

Rau lub hauv paus txawm cov neeg ntawm lub Arctic yog ib tug ib txwm cuab tsiaj, vim hais tias muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov hma liab, weasels, wolverines, hma thiab ncov qaumteb qabteb hma.

Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov zaub mov saw yog nas thiab luav. Hamsters noj lemmings ib hnub thiab ib nrab sij hawm ntau noj lawv tus kheej luj.

ntiaj teb no ntawm cov noog

Lub Arctic yog ib lub tsev mus txog ib nrab ntawm cov hom ntawm ntug dej noog nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, Kuv yuav tsum hais tias lawv yog ib tug muaj zog tivthaiv ntawm cov marine thiab nqaum systems. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam lub ntug dej hiav txwv tsis muaj tus "rookeries", lub biggest zos ntawm gulls, fulmars, cormorants, guillemots, murres tseem nyob ntawm no.

Nyob rau hauv lub luv luv lub caij ntuj sov lub hlis raws ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub Arctic hiav txwv ua zes 280 hom noog. Tsis tshua muaj thiab ib txwm noog, tsa cov xeeb ntxwv ya mus rau teb chaws Africa, Europe, Antarctica, Asia. Taimyr, piv txwv li, tau ntev raug suav hais tias ib qho tseem ceeb qhov chaw ntawm shorebirds thiab Waterfowl tsiv teb tsaws. Lub Arctic yog lub tsev mus rau cov neeg nyob coob ntawm cov dawb us, uas settles rau Wrangel Island. Nyob rau hauv Yakutia nyob dawb crane thiab dawb crane - ib qho ntawm lub rarest hom rau lub ntiaj teb.

marine tsiaj

Cim rau lub Arctic tau ua marine tsiaj. Txawm li cas los, uncontrolled tib neeg kev ua ub no tau coj mus rau lub fact tias ib txhia cov tsiaj tau yuav luag tag wiped tawm. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj tsiaj mob loj heev cheeb tsam - lub ncov qaumteb qabteb dais. Feem ntau muaj cov 19 coob, txhua tus uas muaj 22 txhiab tsiaj. Bears yog semi-dej txoj kev ua neej, lawv yug nyob rau lub shores ntawm Chukotka Cape siab rau Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef av. loj nqaum walrus rookeries muaj nyob rau ntawm cov kob ntawm Wrangel. Qhov no yog qhov zoo chaw rau lawv.

Tua ntawm polar bears tau ntev tau officially txwv. Tab sis lub inhabitants ntawm Greenland thiab Canada yog tsis heev Revered qhov txiav npluav, muab lais xees mus plob hav zoov, vim hais tias cov neeg uas tua mus txog 350 tsiaj ib xyoo.

Alaska kuj txhua xyoo tso cai rau lub capture ntawm whales thiab bowhead whales.

es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug epilogue

Raws li ib feem ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm uas peb yuav tham txog lub coldest cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub ntiaj chaw. Raws li peb tau pom, nws tsis muaj nqi uas tus ciam ntawm lub Arctic yog ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia, rau nws yog tag nrho cov tib muaj lub neej txawm nyob rau hauv heev tsawg kub. Txawm nyob rau hauv cov qhov chaw nws muaj nws tus kheej muaj thiab fauna.