Yak-1: hauj lwm, specifications, serials kev hloov kho

Yak-1 - ib tug Soviet fighter aircraft ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II. Nws yog thawj nqe ntaus rog tsheb, tsim nyob rau hauv lub Yakovlev tsim Bureau, thiab cov thawj qauv aircraft series, uas ua lub hauv paus ntawm Soviet fighter aircraft nyob rau hauv ob ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog. Wb tau ntsib nrog cov keeb kwm ntawm lub Yak-1 thiab nws cov kev tsis!

General yam ntxwv

Yak-1 aircraft tau txais lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv 1940. Nyob rau hauv lub plaub lub xyoos ntawm ntau lawm nws ua tau ze li ntawm 9000 cov ntawv luam ntawm ib tug fighter thiab ib tug ob peb kev hloov uas tsim. Thaum xub thawj, lub tuam txhab ntau lawm tau muab tso nyob rau hauv ceev lub sij hawm, ua rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm flaws nyob rau hauv lub aircraft qauv. Cuaj kaum, tus pilots heev fond ntawm no fighter. Nws yeej tus yeeb ncuab nrog rau thawj hnub ntawm lub ob ntiaj teb rog. Lub aircraft differed yuav tsum tau tsawg heev txij nkawm, yooj yim ntawm lub lag luam thiab kev kawm ntawv siab yam ntxwv, ua tsaug rau uas nws muaj tsis muaj teeb meem confronted los ntawm German tua hluav taws thiab Bf.109 Fw.190.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub Soviet tsav-ace legendary Pokryshkina Alexander Ivanovich, qauv dav hlau Yak-1 piloted los ntawm xws li nto moo pilots li Aleksey Alelyukhin, lub dab thiab Ahmed Khan Sultan. Nws yog nyob rau no dav hlau mus tua lub cim tuaj tso kom muaj kab muaj kev "Normandie-Niemen". Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug fighter tiv thaiv xwb poj niam tso kom muaj kab muaj kev ntawm lub Red Army.

KEEB KWM NTAWM LUB

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 40-ies ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo, lub Soviet fighter fleet pib nyob rau hauv yuav tsum tau ntawm muab kho dua. lub teb chaws yuav tsum tau ib tug tshiab fighter yog muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm tsawg kawg yog sib npaug zos rau thaum nws txawv teb chaws counterparts. Lub aircraft I-16 yog ib tug "lub hnub qub" nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-40s, thiab cov Soviet Union - tus thawj lub xeev los txais yuav ib tug high-ceev monoplane fighter. Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm kuv-16 yog ib tug yeej muaj tseeb cov thawj coj hauv lub Spanish ntuj, thaum nyob rau hauv 1937, muaj tsis tau xa tus tshiab German aircraft Bf.109. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus thawj series ntawm cov German fighters nyob deb ntawm zoo tagnrho, tab sis lawv muaj ib tug loj Modernization kev pab, uas yog lub flagship ntawm lub Soviet twb kiag li sab sab. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub, aviation pib tsim nrog poj ceev, thiab aircraft, tsim tsib xyoos dhau los, yog tam sim no deprecated.

tsim

Ua hauj lwm rau lub creation ntawm ib tug tshiab Soviet fighter pib nyob rau hauv ob peb lub chaw ua hauj lwm tsim: Yakovlev, Lavochkin thiab Polikarpov. Nyob rau hauv 1940, lub tom kawg seized KB nrog luag npaj txhij tsim ntawm lub aircraft, uas tom qab hu ua lub Mig-1.

Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, cov coj noj coj ntawm lub Soviet Cua Dag Zog Yuam twb pom tau hais tias lub ntsiab tsis sib xws los ntawm cov huab cua ntawm lub nyob ze yav tom ntej yuav muab qhov chaw nyob rau high school altitude, li ntawd, designers yuav tsum tau tsim ib tug fighter uas yuav zoo yuav pom nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm dua 5,000 meters. Yav tom ntej aircraft yog los tsim 600 km / h ceev ntawm 11-12 km muaj ib cov tswv yim qab nthab thiab ya ntawm 600 km.

Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws muaj teeb meem ntawm lub Soviet aircraft lag luam yog cov motors, cov mov uas poob ntau ua ntej kev tsov rog. Lwm nyuaj yog lub shortage ntawm cov duralumin. Cov yooj yim npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom no mus rau zus tau tej cov bombers, li ntawd, lub designers ntawm fighter thiab nres aircraft yuav tsum tau ua active siv ntawm lawv operating lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv plywood, ntoo thiab canvas.

Tsim Bureau Aleksandra Yakovleva tau muab rau cov creation ntawm ib tug fighter rov qab nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 1939. Yav tas los, nws twb koom nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si thiab kev kawm aircraft. Peb tsim kom muaj ib lub tsheb tshiab raws li nyob rau hauv lub ua si nawv qauv I-7. Tsim kev tau ua nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas № 115.

fighter tsab lub npe hu ua I-26. Lub ib hlis ntuj 13, 1940 nws ua nws thawj davhlau. Piloting ntawm tus tshiab fighter tau tasked mus kuaj tsav Yu. I. Piontkovskomu. Cov thawj davhlau yog kev vam meej, thiab lub thib ob coj mus rau qhov kev huam yuaj, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm uas tus tsav raug tua, thiab lub tsheb poob lawm. Nws yog tom qab qhia hais tias qhov ua rau ntawm qhov kev huam yuaj los ua ib tug raug kho raws. Txawm tias qhov kev huam yuaj, tsis muaj ib tug tsis tau hais tias lub dav hlau Yakovlev deserves xim. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, txawm ua ntej lub xeev cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub dav hlau tua rog txiav txim siab los muab tso rau hauv ntau lawm. Thaum no tus taw tes, nws lub npe hu ua Yak-1.

competitors

Tus lwm yam Soviet aircraft ntawm lub WWII, uas coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub pre-tsov rog contest, txoj hmoo yog nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev nthuav. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv twb coj los siv thiab muab tso rau hauv loj ntau lawm. Tsis ntev, txawm li cas los, tsov rog muab txhua yam nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw.

Mig-1 tau qhia nws tus kheej heev zoo nyob rau hauv ib qhov siab ntawm ntau tshaj li tsib kis lus mev. Main tib battles rau lub Soviet-German pem hauv ntej twb tsawg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub tsheb muaj ib tug me ntsis riam phom. Tsis ntev nws twb npaum li cas tawm ntawm ntau lawm, thiab lub tsev aircraft pauv mus rau tus tiv thaiv.

Cov tub rog txoj kev aircraft LaGG yog txawm luv. Lub tsheb ua nkaus ntawm ntoo, uas muaj ib tug phem ntxim rau nws ceeb thawj. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov aircraft kuj tshuav npaum li cas yuav tsum tau kawm. Nyob rau hauv lub kawg, cov coj noj coj kom tsis txhob zus tau tej cov aircraft thiab hloov hwj chim tso tawm los ntawm qhov kev tso tawm ntawm Yakhauj.

ntau lawm

Thaum lub sij hawm thaum lub dav hlau pib tsim muag, muaj zog nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe ua tsov ua rog. Vim hais tias ntawm cov maj ntau lawm aircraft yog "nyoos", yog li ncaj qha nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub tsim tau los ua ib co kev kho me ntsis. Qhov no coj mus rau kev kos duab hloov, hauv cov creation ntawm cov cuab yeej tshiab, thiab nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub kiag li rau rework lub tiav lawm Cheebtsam thiab cov rooj sib txoos. Qhov loj tshaj kev txhim kho tau muaj kev txhawj xeeb rau cov roj system thiab cov qauv ntawm cov chassis, uas yog overheated thaum lub sij hawm braking. Lub fine-tuning yog tseem yuav tsum tau cua fighter system, nws cav thiab riam phom.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 1940 tus thawj batch ntawm cov tub rog aircraft Yak-1 twb dhau, uas muaj 10 yam khoom, uas tam sim ntawd mus rau cov tub rog kev ntsuam xyuas. Kaum ib hlis 7 ntawm lub tib lub xyoo, tsib fighters coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub parade, uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau Red Square. Nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag meanwhile peb tau hloov tag nrho viav vias dav hlau nrog lub tswvyim tau nyob rau hauv cov kev ntsuam xyuas. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, los ntawm Lub rau hli ntuj 1940 rau lub ib hlis ntuj 1941, 7000 hloov tau ua nyob rau hauv aircraft drawings.

By pib ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II, lub Soviet industrialists tswj kom ib tug me ntsis ntau tshaj plaub cov ntawv luam ntawm cov Yak-1 fighter, tab sis tsis yog txhua txhua yog nyob rau hauv cov tub rog. Tsuas yog ib feem ntawm ua aircraft pilots tau mastered rau lub thaj cov tub rog ntawv. Tus thawj ib nrab xyoo ua tsov ua rog, lub dav hlau yog yeej qhov zoo tshaj plaws Soviet fighter. Nws differed yooj yim tsim, tsis muaj nqi, yooj yim ntawm lub lag luam, kev kawm zoo tsis thiab haib riam phom. Qhuav peaked nyob rau hauv 1942, uas 3.5 txhiab aircraft tau ua.

Qhuav tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1944, thiab lub lag luam txuas ntxiv kom txog thaum lub kawg ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II.

Yak-1B

Lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1942 yog launched zus tau tej cov thawj fighter kev hloov kho, tau txais index "1B". Los ntawm cov yooj yim version, nws muaj ib tug ntau haib engine ntawm lub hom M-105PF. Nrog tus tshiab powerplant fighter ceev yuav luag txog li 600 km / h thiab yuav ua ib tug tig nyob rau hauv 19 vib nas this. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov caj npab hauv lub aircraft kuj tau txais ib co kev hloov. Fighter ua ntaj riam thaiv ob Circuit Court 20 millimeter cannon ShVAK thiab ib tug 12.7-hli tshuab phom UB.

Lub upgraded version ntawm lub aircraft muaj lub sij hawm rau ntau hais qhov tseeb kev hloov kho ntawm lub German fighter kuv-109. Nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv cov kab rov tav dav hlau Soviet superior yeeb ncuab, thiab ntsug - ib tug me ntsis zoo rau nws. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau cov kev txhim kho, cov aircraft tau txais ib tug tshiab teeb, muaj ib tug zoo saib ntawm sab nraum qab ntawm lub hemisphere thiab rau pem hauv ntej armored iav.

Yak-1M

Nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis 1942, Yakovlev pib ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm ib lub tshuab uas yuav muaj tseeb sib ntaus sib tua nrog tag nrho cov hom ntawm German fighters. Los ntawm cov kev xav, tus thawj tsim ntawm Yak-1 twb raug mus rau loj kho nqi lus. thawj daim qauv ntawm cov Yak-1M ua tau los ntawm 15 Lub ob hlis ntuj 1943. Los ntawm ib tug ntau lawm qauv nws differed feem ntau txo scale (9.2 m) thiab lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub tis (14,83m). Los ntawm ib tug series ntawm cov yam ntxwv kev ntsuas (txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov roj tso tsheb hlau luam, txo lub cheeb tsam ntawm tus Tsov tus tw, thiab lwm yam) davhlau aircraft hnyav heev tau raug txo kom 230 kg. Tsis tas li ntawd, los mus hloov cov roj txias, kev txhim kho lwm cov ntaub ntawv thiab daim ntawv thov vodoradiatora ib tug neeg tso kav rau txhua lub tog raj kheej ntawm lub engine, cov aircraft aerodynamic kuj txo ho, thiab cov kev ceev zog. Tsaug rau lub ntau yam tsim kev hloov mus rau lub aircraft qauv zoo li lub Yak-3 (tom ntej no dav hlau series), es nws yooj yim version.

tsim

Yak-1 ua tau los ntawm ib txwm aerodynamic configuration thiab sawv cev monoplane nrog semi-monocoque fuselage thiab tis kev kho cov uas tsis muaj. tsaws iav retracts mus rau hauv pem teb.

Qauv yog mixed, raws li nws hais los ntawm cov hlau, ntoo thiab daim ntaub. Pob fuselage ncej twb ua tau lub tsev ntawm steel kav welded ua ke nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev xwb nrog rau cov lub cev muaj zog ncej. Nws lub ntsiab ntsiab yog 4 spar sib raug zoo teb ntas. Nruab nrab ntawm ob thawj ntas nyob cockpit. Ntawm no yog cov kev txuas pob hlav ntawm lub fuselage thiab tis. Ib tug toj ncej yog welded mus rau lub sab sauv spars.

Lub pem hauv ntej ib feem ntawm lub dav hlau yog sheathed duralumin, thiab rov qab - daim ntaub. Thaum tus hneev ntawm lub hood nyob uas nyob rau hauv thawj cov kev hloov kho muaj sab "gills" purge powertrain.

Thaum lub tsheb ntawm tus neeg tua hluav taws nyob rau hauv lub fuselage, rau sab saum toj thiab hauv qab yog mounted Fairing los txhim kho nws cov aerodynamic tsis. Lub zij sab sauv Fairing tau ua ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm lwm cov tsos ntawm cov Yak-1. Nyob rau hauv tom ntej versions ntawm nws cov reworked, los txhim kho visibility tsav rear hemisphere.

Trapezoid fighter tis tau ua los ntawm cov ntoo. Fais fab tis ncej muaj ob spar thiab ib co ntawm cov tav nrog stringers.

Bakelite tis sheathed nrog plywood thiab canvas. Frameworks ailerons, flaps, tsaws iav fairings thiab shields tis tau ua los ntawm duralumin. Empennage ntawm lub aircraft kuj muaj ib tug mixed qauv: lub keel thiab stabilizer ua los ntawm cov ntoo, elevators thiab kev sib hloov - los ntawm duralumin.

Lub alarm yog kaw teeb Plexiglas, qhov nruab nrab uas yog pauv los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb Polozkov dhau los. Tus tsav lub rooj zaum twb muaj kev tiv thaiv 9-millimeter bronespinkoy. Lub rooj zaum yog ib lub tais rau ib tug kaus poob los. Tsis ntev los no hloov ntawm cov qauv tau nruab nrog thaum muaj xwm ceev paug teeb system uas tso cai rau tus tsav mus sai sai tawm hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua lub tshuab.

Fighter muaj retractable tsaws iav, uas cia siab rau ob txhais ceg thiab ib tus Tsov tus tw log. Lub chassis twb nruab nrog ib tug roj-cua cushioning thiab cua nruas brakes. Lub chassis twb ntxuav siv ib tug pneumatic system. Ib tug me me nyob rau hauv uas nws yog muab tso rau, thaum lub sij hawm lub davhlau twb kaw los ntawm ob shields. Dhau li ntawm tus ib txwm chassis rau lub dav hlau muaj peev xwm yuav muab tso rau caij duav saum npu tsaws iav.

cov khoom

Lub tshuab twb ua rau lub engine M-105P nrog dej txias. Nyob rau hauv tom qab versions, nws twb hloov mus rau ib tug ntau haib motors M-105Pa thiab M-105PF. Lub dav hlau twb nruab nrog ib tug peb-hniav kiv cua nrog ib tug kuj tsis paub meej suab. Nws muab kaw tau yooj yim tshem pem hauv ntej ua noj streamlined. lub cev muaj zog tau tswj los ntawm txoj kev cables. Pib powerplant ua los ntawm compressed cua.

Roj system muaj plaub tso tsheb hlau luam, tag nrho cov muaj peev xwm 408 liters. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv twb muab tso rau hauv lub tsheb tis. Rau roj mov tawm roj twj tso kua mis uas tau tsav los ntawm lub ntsiab lub cev muaj zog. Cov roj system muaj ib tug 37-liter tank. Radiator rau cua txias tau muab tso rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov nyob rau hauv lub quab yuam fighter unit.

Cockpit twb nruab nrog ib tug altimeter, speedometer, pressurization qhov taw qhia, ib tug tig taw qhia, cov kub coolant sensor thiab lub moos ABP. Ntawm xov tooj cua cov khoom, lub tshuab yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug receiver "Baby," Transmitter "Dav dawb hau" thiab radiopolukompasom.

weaponry

Raws li ib tug aircraft riam phom Aleksandra Yakovleva tau txais 20-millimeter cannon ShVAK thiab ib tug khub ntawm 7.92-millimeter tshuab phom ShKAS. Cov phom twb mounted nyob rau hauv ib tug lub cev muaj zog lub cev qhuav dej. Nws tua los ntawm cov hollow ncej ntawm cov ntsia hlau thiab lub tes tsho iav. Tshuab phom tau muab tso rau saum toj no lub lub cev muaj zog, nyob rau txhua sab ntawm koj lub fuselage. Cov tseem ntog cia nyias nyob rau hauv lub ntsia hlau tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev siv ntawm cov synchronizer. Cannon thiab tshuab phom yuav tau sam ob manually thiab los ntawm txhais tau tias ntawm ib tug pneumatic Actuator. Mos txwv phom muaj tej cuab yeej-tho caws nplaum, nplaum tawg, taug qab rounds thiab sighting.

kev sib ntaus los lag luam

Thaum pib ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II ib leeg-cav fighter aircraft Yak-1 yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter ntawm lub Red Army. Cov ntsiab teeb meem muaj feem xyuam rau lub lag luam ntawm lub aircraft - nws tsis zoo tsim nyob rau ib feem ntawm cov neeg ua. Lub tsheb tshiab thiab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cia li ib tug ob peb lub hlis ua ntej qhov pib ntawm lub lag luam. Cov pilots raug yuam kom rov kawm ncaj qha thaum lub sij hawm battles.

Lub aircraft yog ib qho yooj yim mus ua hauj lwm thiab "phooj ywg" mus rau lub pilots. Rau cov neeg uas muaj kev tswj kom ya rau I-16, rooj zaum rau ntawm lub Yak-1, nws yog ib tug tiag tiag kev tshwm sim. Test pilots, tom qab thawj davhlau, sau nyob rau hauv lub xaus hais tias lub tshuab yog muaj nyob rau hauv tsav nrog txuj ci tsim nyog hauv qab no qhov nruab nrab. Cuaj kaum, nws yog ib tug tshaj plaws mus nce ib fighter nyob rau hauv cov huab cua thiab muab tso rau nws nyob rau hauv av, thiab rau lwm yam - los hais ib yam ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws neeg tua hluav taws ntawm lub ob ntiaj teb rog, lub German Bf-109. Tus thawj qauv Yak-1 twb ho hnyav dua ib tug yeeb ncuab dav hlau thiab muaj tsawg haib propulsion. Vim li no, lawv poob rau tus nrog sib ntaus nyob rau hauv ceev thiab tus nqi ntawm nce. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov thawj Soviet fighter muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm "thaum yau" cov kab mob, qhov ua rau ntawm uas yog tus mus ceev nyob rau hauv ntau lawm.

Lub ntsiab kev teeb meem ntawm lub Yak-1:

1. Overheating dej thiab roj, nrog rau lub cev muaj zog nyob rau hauv lub ncov lub hwj chim. Roj splashes los ntawm phem cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Roj tsis tsuas sprinkles fuselage, tab sis kuj tsuas cov nplooj saum toj, kaw tus tsav saib xyuas. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, vim lub roj to tsav yuav overheat, li ntawd, tus tsav yuav tsum tau qeeb kom txias. Nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los tej yam kev mob, nws yuav ua rau disastrous txim.
2. Sis tsis ncaj txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txawv roj tso tsheb hlau luam.
3. To ntawm lub pneumatic system.
4. Jamming thiab misalignment cartridge phom koj cov menyuam.
5. Samovyvorachivanie screws vim ntev li ntawm kev co.
6. Kom txog rau thaum 1942, lub aircraft twb tsis txawm peem rau nrog ib tug walkie-talkie.

Thaum lub sij hawm, lub dav hlau tua rog poob lub saum toj no teeb meem, tiam sis muaj ntau pilots rau nws yuav tsum tau them nrog lawv lub neej. Frankly hais lus, lub Yak-1, ib tug saib xyuas ntawm cov uas peb tuav, conceded thoob plaws hauv lub tsov rog German fighters, thiab ib tug tom qab version ntawm lub aircraft yuav ntau tshaj cov tw. Ntawm no nws yog tsim nyog los nkag siab hais tias lub sij hawm ntawm ib tug huab cua sib ntaus sib tua feem ntau yog nyob tsis nyob rau tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub aircraft, thiab nyob rau hauv kev txawj ntse ntawm pilots thiab txaus muab xam los ntawm cov rog. Thaum pib ntawm tsov rog, Soviet pilots twb teeb meem loj, tab sis thaum lub sij hawm lawv tau kev kawm txawj thiab paub lawv tag nrho tej zaum.

Nyob rau hauv xws loj-scale tsis sib haum, lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II, nws yog tsim nyog los xav txog ib tug ntau tshaj plaws - lub peev xwm los sai sai ua rau koj tsis tau kev khoom thiab cov neeg ua tseem ceeb tshaj kev zoo tag nrho ntawm cov txheej txheem. Nyob rau hauv no hwm, lub USSR twb tag nrho cov supremacy. Ntau npaum li cas txiaj ntsim Muaj pua pua ntawm cov pilots thiab yooj yim pheej yig fighter tshaj ib tug teb ARRANGEMENT thiab kev pab fighter.

Qhov zoo ntawm lub Yak-1 yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi followingManufacture:

1. Tus txheeb ze simplicity thiab tsawg them nqi;
2. Raws li kev siv technology tshiab puag, uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm muaj lub USSR.
3. Cov kev thiab ya davhlau tsis.
4. Ib qho yooj yim mus ua hauj lwm thiab kev nkag tau mus rau hauv lub pilots kawm nyob rau hauv ib tug ceev cov kev pab cuam.
5. Loj Modernization kev pab.
6. Simplicity thiab maintainability.
7. Dav khiav, uas siv unpaved airfields.

tsis

Main kev yam ntxwv ntawm FC-1:

1. Wingspan - 10 m.
2. Qhov siab - 1.7 m.
3. Length - 8,48 m.
4. Koojtis Area - 17,15 m ^2.
5. Noj-off hnyav - 2700 kg.
6. Tsav hwj chim - 1180 l. ib tug.
7. Maximum ceev - 592 km / h.
8. Tswv yim ntau yam - 850 m.
9. Tswv yim qab nthab - 10,000 m.
10. Nce - 926 m / min.
11. Cov neeg coob - 1 tug neeg.