Hnub nyoog ntawm Enlightenment nyob rau hauv Russia

Nyob rau hauv ib lub ntiaj teb cim los ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm lub xyoo pua muaj hnub nyoog ntawm Enlightenment, uas tau sab laug nws sib sib zog nqus imprint nyob rau hauv keeb kwm. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no xaus nws lub neej nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug kev taw qhia raws li lub Baroque, Rococo hloov. Nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, nws pib ib yam ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm cov ruam, tab sis ua tsaug rau cov phau ntawv active pejxeem thiab tsim ntawm tsoom fwv.

Yug nyob rau hauv ces, ua tsaug rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev txawj ntse zog qhov yooj yim lub tswv yim ntawm lub philosophy ntawm kev kawm ntawv yog maj pib kis mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees, Fabkis, Russia thiab lwm yam European lub teb chaws.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog influential twb qhia ntawv los ntawm Fabkis - Diderot, Rousseau, d'Alembert, Helvetius, Voltaire, uas hu ua nws tus kheej ib tug "nom tswv xav". Lawv ntseeg hais tias cov neeg tsis ntseeg Vajtswv, muaj kuab txoj kev xav thiab kev txawj ntse muaj peev xwm mus shatter lub obsolete txoj kev, hloov tus cuj pwm thiab lub homthawj, thiab nws yuav leeb thaum lub sij hawm lub keeb kwm txheej txheem thiab lub neej yav tom ntej kev pom.

Kos duab rau ntawm lub Enlightenment uas txhawb nqa grandeur ntawm yog vim li cas, txoj kev ywj pheej, thiab kev zoo siab, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, sim muaj kev cuam tshuam cov tswv yim no. Yog vim li cas cov ntaub ntawv qhia nyob rau hauv sab saum toj ntawm lub cim, uas yog cov epitome ntawm ib tug nug lub siab, ib tug siab ntawm kev ncaj ncees, yuav tau rau tshwj kom txhob ignorance.

Literary Rococo muaj tus nyeem ntawv vividly piav toj roob hauv pes, pun, ironic hais lus, seasoned nrog yim pab ntawm frivolity thiab omissions. Tshwj xeeb yog hnov nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm Voltaire, Montesquieu, Lesanzha.

Hnub nyoog ntawm Enlightenment nyob rau hauv Russia pib nrog Peter lub Great. By kawg ntawm nws lub kav, cov kho Lavxias teb sab confidently taug kev mus rau lub "Europeanization", muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub kab lis kev cai ntawm lub hnub poob. Tsim kom muaj Science, Kev kawm proceeded sai heev.

Hnub nyoog ntawm Enlightenment nyob rau hauv Russia tuaj nrog cov phau ntawv Magazine, nqi ntawv xov xwm, portraiture.

Los ntawm 18 th xyoo pua Lavxias teb sab zej zog, uas yog xam ntau dua los yog tsawg kawm ntawv, nws muaj xwb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Moscow thiab St. Petersburg nom tswv cajceg, raws li zoo raws li heev me me intellectuals commoners.

Rau cov teb chaws Europe, cov benchmark yog lub Fabkis Enlightenment. Yog li ntawd, lub hnub nyoog ntawm enlightenment nyob rau hauv Russia tau enabled lub expansion ntawm kev cai ties nrog Fabkis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua. Cov ua nom ua tswv tau muab lub sij hawm coj mus kos duab thiab cov ntaub ntawv thaum lub sij hawm lawv mus ncig ua si txawv teb chaws, thiab ib tug dlej kev paub ntawm cov lus ntawm Voltaire, Diderot, thiab enables lawv mus kawm tej hauj lwm ntawm lub Enlightenment. Educated Lavxias teb sab haiv neeg tau nyeem xws tej hauj lwm raws li "nkauj xwb Orleans", "Nun," "lame dab ntxwg nyoog," "Indiscreet Jewels", "Persian ntawv" thiab ntau lwm masterpieces ntawm kev kawm ntawv kev coj, uas qhia txog tus "fleeting nyiaj so koobtsheej, uas yog kav los ntawm Venus thiab Bacchus" .

Txawm li cas los, lub Enlightenment nyob rau hauv Russia yog txawv heev los ntawm cov European version, thiab nws cov noob "germinated" rau domestic av, muab ib tug me ntsis txawv tshwm sim tshaj nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob.

Lavxias teb sab Peter lub sij hawm, thiab tom qab ntawd, thaum lub reign ntawm Catherine II, yog sib txawv heev los ntawm Voltaire tus Fabkis. Ci ntsa iab faj tim teb chaws, tom qab lub facade ntawm uas yog ib tug loj heev lub teb chaws nrog ib tug pej xeem ntawm tsis lifting nws lub taub hau los ntawm qhov hnyav ua liaj ua teb ua zog, muaj peb qub txeeg qub tes, uas yuav, raws li nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob, tus huab tais imposes nws tus kheej uas yuav tsum tau.

Cov hnub nyoog ntawm Enlightenment nyob rau hauv Russia kev txhawb los ntawm cov nom tswv cajceg thiab autocracy, uas siv tshiab Western kev cai influences khaws cia uas twb muaj lawm serfdom.

Thiab txawm hais tias tom qab txoj kev tuag ntawm Peter nws mus rau reformism Catherine ll, kev npau suav ntawm kab "enlightened huab tais" txoj Lavxias teb sab ntawv twb Dashkova, Golitsyn, thiab Sumarokov, Novikov, Fonvizin thiab lwm cov neeg uas tau sim modernize lub Lavxias teb sab kev muaj tiag.